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为了探究不同培养基继代培养的蜡蚧轮枝菌对烟粉虱的作用效果,通过继代培养方法测定JMC-01、JMC-02菌株的产孢量、对烟粉虱的毒力及其几丁质酶活性。结果表明,JMC-01、JMC-02菌株在添加蝉蜕和烟粉虱的PDA培养基中连续培养5代的产孢量、对烟粉虱的毒力、几丁质酶活性均高于无添加的PDA培养基,且JMC-01菌株的各项参数均高于JMC-02菌株。JMC-01菌株在添加蝉蜕的PDA培养基中T_1和T_3代的产孢量最大,均为1.279×10~7个/mL,T_3代对烟粉虱的毒力最大,为88.33%,T_5代的几丁质酶活最高,为0.268 3 U/mL;在添加烟粉虱的PDA培养基中,JMC-01菌株的最大产孢量、对烟粉虱的最高毒力和最高几丁质酶活分别出现在S_2、S_4和S_5代,分别为1.270×10~7个/mL、88.33%和0.325 4 U/mL。回归分析结果显示,JMC-01、JMC-02菌株几丁质酶活性与烟粉虱校正死亡率呈显著的正相关,且拟合优度较好。本试验表明JMC-01、JMC-02菌株均对烟粉虱具有较强的毒力,添加蝉蜕和烟粉虱的培养基可以维持菌株生长特性、增加产孢量、延缓菌株退化、增强菌株的几丁质酶活性,为烟粉虱的生物防治提供了新的菌种资源。 相似文献
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Sebastjan Radišek Jernej Jakše Branka Javornik 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(4):301-314
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium albo-atrum or V. dahliae, is an important disease of many worldwide crop species. In Europe, V. albo-atrum isolates infecting hop express different levels of virulence, inducing mild or lethal disease syndromes, and it is therefore an attractive model for studying the virulence of this pathogen. In this work, eleven amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations were used to analyze genetic variability among 55 V. albo-atrum hop isolates from four European hop growing regions, as well as isolates from other hosts and V. dahliae isolates. Cluster analysis divided V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae isolates into two well-separated groups. Within the V. dahliae cluster, isolates were separated without host specific grouping, although no host adapted isolates were included. In V. albo-atrum, the alfalfa isolates were distinct from isolates of other hosts, where a high association with virulence was observed in hop and tomato isolates. All lethal hop isolates were genetically different from mild hop isolates. The lethal hop isolates from England and Slovenia expressed the same virulence phenotype, although they showed a different AFLP pattern. The mild hop isolates formed two subgroups, to which isolates clustered irrespective of geographical location. These data suggest multiple origins of V. albo-atrum hop isolates, and the possible appearance of new virulent isolates in the future in other hop growing regions. 相似文献
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将蜡蚧轮枝菌Vp菌株在PDA培养基上23℃黑暗培养,分别于第5、15、20、25、30天后采收。将不同时间采收的分生孢子置于2%葡萄糖培养液内培养,16 h后检测其萌发率,结果表明,采收于第5天和第15天的分生孢子萌发率分别达到89.76%和94.98%,显著高于采收于第25天(30.27%)和第30天(6.12%)的孢子的萌发率;在PDA培养基培养5 d和15 d的分生孢子在相同浓度下对温室白粉虱的致病力分别达到83.40%和74.44%,显著高于培养了30 d的分生孢子的致病力(8.76%)。 相似文献
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Diversity of the coat protein-coding region among Ilarvirus isolates infecting hop in Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D. R. Crowle S. J. Pethybridge G. W. Leggett L. J. Sherriff C. R. Wilson † 《Plant pathology》2003,52(5):655-662
Coat protein (CP) sequences of 17 Ilarvirus isolates were obtained from hops at three farms in Tasmania, Australia. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences and additional database sequences indicated several Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) isolate clusters distinct from Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV): one containing isolates from apple; one containing a single isolate from almond; a third containing Australian hop isolates of the 'apple' serotype and a German isolate of unknown origin; and a fourth containing Australian hop isolates of the 'intermediate' serotype. Isolates from hop, pear and prune from the Czech Republic either formed a fifth grouping, or were divergent members of the 'intermediate' serotype group. Deduced amino acid (aa) residue differences between the coat proteins of the two hop isolate serotype groups were highlighted as possible regions of serological differentiation. No evidence for coinfection of plants with both serotypes was found. Tests of ApMV-infected hop buds using the Shirofugen flowering cherry assay revealed a possible differentiation of the two strains based on hypersensitivity. Because of serological similarities to PNRSV, these viruses have commonly been reported as strains of PNRSV. However, this study shows ilarviruses from Australian hops are strains of ApMV, but distinct from those infecting Malus spp. 相似文献
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Koopman T. A. Meitz-Hopkins J. C. Tobutt K. R. Bester C. Lennox C. L. 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(1):45-61
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Many abiotic and biotic factors can negatively affect the production and productivity of coconut cropping systems. The incidence of Lasiodiplodia species in... 相似文献
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Thomas Thomidis 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(2):191-193
The virulence ofPhytophthora citrophthora isolated from various host-plants on three peach rootstocks (GF677, PR204, KID I) was examined. There was no significant
difference among the rootstocks with respect to their susceptibility to testedP. citrophthora isolates. The most virulent isolate originated from sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus); isolates from pistachio trees (Pistacia vera) also showed high virulence but were significantly less virulent than the sycamore isolate. Isolates originating from plum
(Prunus domestica), almond (Prunus amygdalus) and lemon (Citrus limon) trees were moderately virulent on peach rootstocks; those from cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) showed the lowest virulence of those tested. There was thus great variation in virulence among the testedP. citrophthora isolates. It is possible that the isolates ofP. citrophthora from sycamore, pistachio, plum, almond and lemon trees are a threat to peach trees, whereas the low virulence of the isolates
from cyclamen hosts suggests that these pathogens are not a serious threat to peach trees.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 3, 2002. 相似文献
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通过菌株分生孢子萌发、菌落生长、液体和固体产孢等试验,综合评价了8个高毒力蜡蚧轮枝菌菌株用于工业发酵生产的可能性.结果表明,一株来自中国福建北部山区果园,主要寄生粉虱的菌株CA-0319,萌发特性较好,12h萌发率达90.1%;菌落生长速率为0.385cm/d;液体摇瓶培养72h产孢1.091×109个/ml;固体培养7d产孢5.525×108个/皿.另一来自北京,主要寄生蓟马菌株LB-035,12h萌发率达到94.5%,菌落生长速率为0.356cm/d;液体摇瓶培养72h产孢1.210×109个/ml;固体培养7d产孢达3.806×108个/皿. 相似文献
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烟粉虱Q隐种是近几年新传入我国的入侵烟粉虱,主要危害蔬菜、棉花和花卉等经济作物,对多种化学农药都产生了很高的抗药性。为了了解吡虫啉不同施药方式对丽蚜小蜂控制烟粉虱效果的影响,本研究在实验室条件下,调查了经吡虫啉叶面处理和灌根处理两种不同施药方式处理,烟粉虱Q隐种的存活率、丽蚜小蜂的存活率和寄生率。结果表明:1、5、10、50mg·L^-1。浓度吡虫啉灌根处理的丽蚜小蜂校正死亡率分别为21.8%、14.9%、19.3%、16.2%;1、5、50mg·L^-1浓度吡虫啉叶面处理的丽蚜小蜂校正死亡率分别为52.2%、81.8%、93-3%。相同浓度的吡虫啉处理中,叶面处理的丽蚜小蜂死亡率显著高于灌根处理;在吡虫啉和丽蚜小蜂协同作用中,用浓度5、10、50mg·L^-1的吡虫啉灌根处理时,烟粉虱的死亡率分别为41.5%、39.1%、45.9%,丽蚜小蜂寄生率分别为11.9%、15.9%、7.9%;用浓度5、50mg·L^-1的吡虫啉叶面处理时,烟粉虱的死亡率分别为12.6%、37.2%,丽蚜小蜂寄生率均为2%左右。灌根处理对寄生蜂的存活率影响较小,且有利于丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱的寄生和取食;而叶面处理显著降低了寄生蜂的存活率及寄生率。 相似文献
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马铃薯是重要的粮食和经济作物。马铃薯Y病毒(potato virus Y,PVY)是危害马铃薯安全生产的重要病毒。近年来,危害我国马铃薯的PVY株系组成发生了显著变化。PVY重组型株系尤其是PVYNTN-NW SYRI和SYRII型成为优势株系,但与传统株系分离物相比,优势株系分离物在不同寄主上的侵染性及其致病力还不清楚。本研究分析了PVYN株系代表性分离物PVYN605和PVYNTN-NWSYRI型分离物GZ在本氏烟、普通烟和辣椒上的侵染性,比较了二者在本氏烟和普通烟上的致病力。结果表明,PVYN605和PVYNTN-NWSYRI-GZ分离物均能侵染本氏烟和普通烟,并在普通烟上引起叶脉坏死;PVYN605不能系统侵染辣椒品种‘特大牛角王’,而PVYNTN-NWSYRI-GZ可系统侵染辣椒品种特大牛角王。PVYNTN-NWSYRI-GZ在本氏烟细胞间的移动速度明显慢于PVYN 相似文献
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H. J. M. Löffler Th. P. Straathof J. R. Mouris R. P. Baayen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(3):261-271
Prospects of durability of resistance in lily to basal rot have been evaluated by testing the virulence and aggressiveness of 31 isolates ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.lilii towards a number of different resistance sources inLilium spp. Isolates differed strongly in aggressiveness as did species and cultivars ofLilium spp. in resistance. Significant interactions were observed between isolates of the pathogen and genotypes ofLilium spp., but the magnitude was very small compared to the main effects. The interactions were mainly due to a small group of isolates with low aggressiveness. It is argued that the interactions might be based on minor genes. No major break down of the resistance was found. For practical purposes it will be sufficient to use highly aggressive isolates in screening tests. 相似文献
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Isoenzyme polymorphism and segregation in isolates of Phytophthora infestans from Japan 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
Isoenzyme variation of 198 isolates of Phytophthora infestans collected from many locations in Japan during 1987–90, and of four pre-1987 isolates, was examined using starch gel electrophoresis. A previously unreported allele at malic isoenzyme locus/ME (90) was observed. An association between mating types and isoenzyme genotypes at three isoenzyme loci, glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI-1), peptidase (PEP-1) and ME, was found. At PEP-1, the A2 isolates from Japan had a previously unreported genotype (96/96). Normal segregation at the malic isoenzyme locus occurred in a cross of Japanese and Mexican parents. The results provide evidence of a change in the population genetic structure of P. infestans in Japan. 相似文献
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Laboratory animals (mice and guinea pigs) were infected with the isolates of Coxiella burnetii (Derrick, 1939) obtained from bovine milk (M18 and M35) and the ticks Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer, 1776) (Kl3 and Kl6, respectively), and with the reference strain Nine Mile. Neither mortality nor lethality occurred with the mice. Antibody response in mice infected with isolates from milk was lower (1:16-512) than that from ticks (1:32-4096). Onset of seropositivity also occurred later - on the 10th day post-infection (p.i.) for M18 and M35 in comparison with the 7th day for Kl3 and Kl6. In guinea pigs, infection manifested by fever. The fever was less evident in guinea pigs infected with isolates from milk (39.5-40.1 degrees C) than in guinea pigs infected with isolates from ticks (39.5-40.6 degrees C). Partially engorged females of Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) were inoculated with isolates M18 and Kl3. No differences in the multiplication of C. burnetii in haemocytes between these two isolates were ascertained. 相似文献
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Madhavan Srinivasan Paranidharan Vaikuntavasan Velazhahan Rethinasamy 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2010,117(6):253-257
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Chilli (Capsicum annuum) fruits showing symptoms of an-thracnose disease were collected from farmer’s fields in different chilli-growing areas of... 相似文献
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Variation for virulence among Scandinavian isolates of Peronospora viciae f.sp. pisi (pea downy mildew) and responses of pea genotypes 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
R STEGMARK 《Plant pathology》1990,39(1):118-124
Variation for virulence among Scandinavian isolates of Peronospora viciae f.sp. pisi (downy mildew) on different pea genotypes was investigated. Variation for virulence was found within and between mass-conidial isolates which were originally obtained from oospore populations. Virulence towards pea cultivars that have not been commerically cultivated in Scandinavia was observed. The specific resistance of the pea cultivars Puget, Cobri, Gastro, Starcovert and Starnain was confirmed. One pea breeding line showed a stable partial resistance to different isolates of the fungus and it was also highly resistant to race 8'from The Netherlands which is considered to be virulent on most pea genotypes carrying known specific resistance factors. 相似文献
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Arthur W. A. M. De Cock Afra Neuvel Günther Bahnweg Johanna C. J. M. De Cock Hermann H. Prell 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):277-289
Thirteen strains ofPhytophthora porri from five different hosts were compared with respect to their morphology, cardinal temperatures for growth, pathogenicity to leek and cabbage and restriction fragment patterns of mitochondrial DNA. Morphology of vegetative growth was rather similar in most isolates. Those characters which differed among isolates showed overlapping variability and could not be used to distinguish groups, with the exception of production of oogonia and sporangia and the antheridium type. Considerable differences were found in restriction patterns of mitochondrial DNA, isolates from the same host mostly showing identical patterns. Isolates from differentAllium species showed relatively similar restriction patterns if compared to the other isolates. Isolates fromBrassica oleracea proved to be a homogeneous group, quite different from the others with respect to restriction patterns, production of sporangia, production of oogonia, antheridium type and pathogenicity. One isolate, CBS 366.59, isolated from and pathogenic toA. porrum, deviated in many characters from the other isolates. It showed the restriction patterns ofPhytophthora nicotianae and also the high cardinal temperatures for growth typical for this species. The sporangia, however, were distinctly non-papillate and the majority of antheridia was of the paragynous type. 相似文献