根轨迹仿真的改进探讨

近几十年来,随着电子计算机技术的发展和应用,计算机自动控制被广泛地应用于国民生产生活的各个方面.虽然传统的方法可以绘制根轨迹,但各有其劣势.阐述了绘制根轨迹的基本思想、基本算法并给出了根轨迹仿真实例.对如何有效地进行根轨迹仿真做了进一步的探讨,就其中参数的设定做了进一步的分析和讨论.用计算机绘制根轨迹克服了传统方法的缺点,有效地提高了精度和速度.     

水杨酸浇灌对三七幼苗抗旱性的影响

实验以三七为试材,用PEG 6000模拟自然干旱胁迫的方法,研究了SA根际浇灌对三七幼苗抗旱性的影响.结果表明,SA根际浇灌处理能有效地抑制渗透胁迫下膜质过氧化产物MDA含量增加,使质膜相对透性上升变缓,促进渗透胁迫下游离脯氨酸的提高,有效地促进抗氧化保护酶活性的提高,减轻了干早对三七幼苗的伤害,增强了其抗旱性.综合来看,250mg/L处理表现最佳.     

含旋转电机接口和逆变器接口的微网小信号稳定性分析

提出了一种包含了逆变器接口（voltage source inverter,VSI）、同步电机接口（synchronous generator,SG）的独立微网控制策略,并分析了其小信号稳定性。VSI接口和SG接口的分布式电源均采用下垂控制策略,二者之间无需实时通信,可实现负荷功率共享。建立了系统的小信号状态空间模型,主要包括：同步发电机及其控制器的小信号模型、逆变器及其控制器的小信号模型、电网络及负荷小信号模型。计算了下垂增益变化时的根轨迹,得到了系统主特征值随参数变化的根轨迹,计算了不同状态变量对特征值的参与因子。稳定性分析结果表明：当所有分布式电源采用下垂控制时,引入同步发电机接口的分布式电源,系统频率小信号稳定性大大增强。PSCAD时域仿真验证了特征值计算的正确性。     

两凤棲吾家

两凤棲吾家,一盆是树凤,一件是根凤。树凤摆放庭院中,根凤摆故在厅堂内。户外室内相映生辉,给全家人带来了快乐。下面简要介绍一下两凤的制作。树凤(图1) 初购此桩时,就有着明确的设计和构思。所以购回后培育、施艺方面针对性、目的性很清晰。凤的头部的培育、造型没花费太多的时间和精力,而凤的双翅却用了较长时间。目前来看,虽然基本成形,但进一步完善、提高空间还很大,要十分满意还有许多工作可做。希望能得到     

我国传统蛋制品加工方法综述

蛋制品是以禽蛋为原料加工而成的在我国蛋制品加工有着悠久的历史,具有多种传统实用的加工方法,但研究缺乏系统性,影响了其工业化进程。综述了多种传统蛋制品的基本加工方法及其研究进展,为今后对传统蛋制品的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

从湖南的实践谈农作物品种管理

对狭义和广义以及国外的品种管理模式做了较为简要的概述,对湖南省的品种管理工作作了较为系统的回顾,最后对加强品种管理工作提出了较为系统的思想.本文首次提出了建立"农作物品种全程管理体系"的新概念,希望对农作物品种管理工作带来崭新的局面,从而真正有效地推动农作物品种管理事业进一步向前发展.     

黑河地区大豆根潜蝇可控制技术的研究

用不同栽培方法做了4年试验研究,对大豆根潜蝇的发生情况进行调查分析,选出了可控制根潜蝇危害的适宜方法。     

菠萝蜜--热带水果保鲜技术

1基本情况 菠萝蜜又称树菠萝、木菠萝、牛肚子果,古称阿萨、婆那娑. 菠萝蜜系桑科常绿乔木菠萝的热带特大型果实.原产印度和东南亚.我国海南、广东、广西、云南、福建等省份均有栽培.果肉和果核可食.果肉具独特香甜味,鲜食或加工罐头、果脯、果汁.种子富含淀粉,煮食.木材做家具及供建筑用材.根、叶入药.     

水仙的水养技术和雕型加工

水仙花分单瓣、重瓣两种。莳养方法有水养和盆土养植之分。春节先后,南北方居民都喜欢水养。先将水养法技术要点向您做个介绍。 1.选择生长、发育好的水仙球,把鳞茎外面棕色外皮剥尽,然后把根盘上枯根污物去除干净,千万不能把根盘弄伤。 2.把鳞茎用刀造型后,放入     

种业"品牌形象"识别战略如何实施

无论如何,这和不同的人做同一件事情一样,步骤方法可能不尽相同,你可以选择先后、早晚,可以有一定的灵活性.但你必须去做,只有做才有可能获得成功,否则…… 做任何事情都要讲究一个方法步骤,不然就达不到应有的效果,甚至还会闹出乱子来.种业"品牌形象"营销战略的实施也不例外.从大的方面讲,它分为两个基本阶段.即品牌形象的策划设计和实施阶段.种业品牌形象识别系统策划、设计阶段包括以下基本步骤.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.