湖北省某县羊布鲁氏菌病群体血清流行率横断面研究

2015年初,湖北省某县启动羊布鲁氏菌病监测净化工作。为了解该县羊布鲁氏菌病的流行现状和阳性场户的地理分布,对该县1 567户养羊场户分两阶段抽样,采用虎红平板凝集和c ELISA垂直试验进行检测,获知该县羊布鲁氏菌病的群体血清流行率。结果显示:该县羊布鲁氏菌病真实群体血清流行率为2.00%,不同乡镇和不同养殖规模养羊场户的群体血清流行率分别在0~11.16%和0.67%~25.58%之间不等;检出布鲁氏菌病阳性场户74户,其分布在全县10个乡镇,主要集中在4个乡镇,以存栏量在50只以下的养羊场户居多;不同乡镇和不同养殖规模养羊场户中的布鲁氏菌病分布情况不同。调查结果提示,应根据本底调查结果,制订净化方案,实行布鲁氏菌病区域化管理,同时加强对不同流行区域间羊群移动的检疫监管。     

河南省某县羊群布鲁菌氏病横断面调查及感染风险因素分析

为了解河南省羊布鲁氏菌病流行现状以及羊养殖场感染风险因素,按照两阶段抽样检测方法,采集某县羊养殖场和散养村的羊血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集垂直试验进行布鲁氏菌检测。结果显示,该县散养村的羊布鲁氏菌病表观群体流行率为16.35%,真实群流行率为18.17%(95%CI:12.14%~24.20%),养殖场的表观群体流行率为22.22%,真实群流行率为25.60%(95%CI:13.87%~37.33%)。风险因素分析结果显示,“羊贩随意进出养殖场(OR=18.50,95%CI:1.82~188.39)”和“共用种公羊(OR=12.00,95%CI:1.11~129.42)”是该县羊养殖场感染布鲁氏菌的主要风险因素。结果表明,该县羊布鲁氏菌病流行较为严重,提示该县需要加强布鲁氏菌病防控,提高养羊场户的生物安全管理水平,加强散养村内种公羊的布鲁氏菌监测与净化,及时淘汰阳性羊。     

2023年山东省某市牛羊布鲁氏菌病横断面调查

为掌握山东省A市牛羊布鲁氏菌病（以下简称“布病”）流行情况,为布病防控决策提供数据支撑,采用横断面调查研究方法,运用普查抽样策略,对A市牛羊存栏量、布病流行率及不同规模场群布病流行情况进行了调查。结果显示：牛布病场群表观流行率和个体表观流行率分别为0.64%(95%CI:0～1.52%)和0.03%(95%CI:0～0.07%),羊布病场群表观流行率和个体表观流行率分别为3.37%(95%CI:2.07%～4.67%)和0.39%(95%CI:0.34%～0.44%)。规模<50头（只）场群的场群表观流行率最低,与存栏50～99和100～499头（只）场群均具有统计学差异（P <0.05）。阳性场群复检的场群表观流行率（25.00%）高于全市整体布病场群表观流行率（3.40%）,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。以上结果表明：该市牛布病流行率较低,处于稳定控制状态,羊布病流行率稍高,需在后续监测净化中重点关注;不同规模场群的布病场群流行率存在差异,养殖规模较大的场群流行率较高,这为探寻风险因素提供了方向;阳性场群布病复发风险较高,今后在布病防控中应对阳性场群开展持...     

贵州省荔波县布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查

为了解2012—2014年贵州省荔波县布鲁氏菌病流行情况,为该病防控及下一步疫病净化工作提供参考,实验采用虎红平板凝集试验方法对荔波县猪(7个规模场、64个散养户,共计548份样品)、牛(6个规模场、229个散养户,共计647份样品)、羊(4个规模场、268个散养户,共计1 268份样品)进行了布鲁氏菌抗体检测。结果显示:2012—2014年荔波县猪、牛、羊布鲁氏菌病阳性率均为0%,说明荔波县动物感染布鲁氏菌病在国家控制标准范围内。     

阳谷县布鲁氏菌病基线调查

为掌握阳谷县牛羊养殖结构及布鲁氏菌病流行情况,从而为该病防控提供技术支撑,采用填写调查问卷的方法进行本底调查,了解全县牛羊养殖、调入和免疫情况;采用抽样检测的方法,采集牛羊血清进行琥红平板凝集试验(RBT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)组合检测,了解牛羊布鲁氏菌病感染情况。结果显示:阳谷县牛羊规模场所占比例为26%,散养户所占比例为74%,集约化程度不高;外地调入为零;牛羊未实施布病免疫;牛羊群中均未检出布鲁氏菌病阳性。结果表明:阳谷县牛羊布鲁氏菌病感染水平极低,利于净化;对其防控,应积极引导牛羊规模场开展国家级或省级牛羊布病净化创建场工作,对散养户应加大布病宣传力度。     

湖南省长沙市羊布鲁氏菌病基线调查

为了解湖南省长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行现状,对奶羊养殖场(户)和种羊场采用普查策略,对其他羊养殖场(户)采用两阶抽样策略,选择羊群并选定群体中个体,采集血样进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测。同时,通过问卷调查和查阅资料等方式,分析布鲁氏菌病感染和传播风险。结果显示:全市羊布鲁氏菌病表观场群流行率为1.54%(95%CI:0.42%~3.91%),表观个体流行率为0.60%(95%CI:0.43%~0.80%);4个阳性群集中分布于长沙县和宁乡县;和以往监测数据相比,长沙市的羊群布鲁氏菌病流行率和人间发病率均呈下降趋势,说明前期的防治策略取得积极成效。总体来说,长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行率较低,疫情处于稳定控制状态,因而可以分区域逐步实现全市布鲁氏菌病净化。     

湖南省新化县高风险区羊布鲁氏菌病横断面研究及活羊流通网络调查

湖南省新化县近几年动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例不断增多。为掌握新化县羊群布鲁氏菌病的群体流行率,了解饲养场户、贩运户和经销商对该病的知晓情况以及羊贩运户和经销商的一般经济行为,寻找养殖环节中导致布鲁氏菌感染的风险因素,应用流行病学方法,以新化县10个乡镇现存栏羊15只以上的养殖场户为研究对象,第一阶段以场户为单位,以估计流行率为目的,以名单为抽样框,随机抽样;第二阶段在群内选择个体,以发现疫病为目的,随机或基于风险采样。将采集的血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和竞争酶联免疫吸附垂直试验进行检测。重点调查出现动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例乡镇的养殖场,以及活羊贩运经纪人和经销商等从业人员,掌握羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况和活羊流通情况。调查结果显示:新化县高风险区存栏羊15只以上养殖场户的羊布鲁氏菌病流行率为0(95%CI:0～2.8%);新化县羊养殖场户以小规模自繁自养为主,一般放牧于自家附近山头;出栏羊主要在县内流通,养殖场户内生物安全防护措施不到位;养殖场户的布鲁氏菌病总体知晓率为80.6%,屠宰零售商为15.2%,贩运经纪人为25.0%,职业人群自我防护差;活羊调入以省外为主,冬季调运频繁,主要流向屠宰终端,经纪人在流通环节中充当重要角色。调查结果提示:应加强活羊流通领域的检疫监管,特别是冬季,要提高监测频次;当地需坚持实行"监测+扑杀"的综合防控策略,持续开展布鲁氏菌病相关的健康宣教和行为干预,重点针对屠宰经销商和经纪人,以提高职业人群的预防意识,培养其良好的职业行为和习惯。本研究为新化县布鲁氏菌病防控提供了依据,也为全国布鲁氏菌病防控积累了经验。     

2018年河南省未免疫羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况调查

为了解河南省未免疫羊群布鲁氏菌感染情况,2018年以河南省未免疫布鲁氏菌病疫苗的羊群为研究对象,开展羊群布鲁氏菌病血清学普查,共对1 830个场群的59 462份血清样品进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测,并对结果进行空间、群间分布分析。结果显示：河南省羊群布鲁氏菌感染抗体平均场群阳性率为3.93%,个体阳性率为1.24%;豫西地区场群流行率和个体流行率均最高,分别为12.31%和6.43%,豫东地区最低,分别为0.55%和0.04%;散养户的场群阳性率和个体阳性率均最高,分别为7.53%和2.17%,而羊屠宰场和交易市场中未检出阳性。结果表明：豫西地区以及散养户羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况较为严重,应采取全面免疫的防控措施,降低该地的布鲁氏菌病流行率;豫东、豫南地区和种羊场等流行率较低的地区和场点,可采取检测、扑杀等措施,逐步实现净化目标;羊屠宰场和交易市场虽然无阳性检出,但应继续加强监测,防止病菌交叉传播。通过本次河南省未免疫羊群普查,基本掌握了全省未免疫羊群的布鲁氏菌病流行状况,从而为全省羊群布鲁氏菌病防控提供了重要的参考数据。     

辽宁省大连市羊群布鲁氏菌病横断面研究

本研究采用横断面研究方法,通过两个阶段的随机抽样检测,结合问卷调查,获得大连市羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率及感染风险因素,初步了解了当地养羊场户对布鲁氏菌病防控相关知识的掌握情况和行为实践特点。研究结果表明,大连市羊布鲁氏菌病场群血清流行率为8.89%(95%CI:6.14%~11.63%)。从饲养模式看,调查的6个种羊场均无布鲁氏菌病感染,而商品代饲养场和散养村羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率分别为13.33%(95%CI:5.64%~21.03%)和8.21%(95%CI:5.24%~11.17%),差异不显著(X~2=1.93,p=0.170.05)。从饲养品种看,不同品种羊群之间的布鲁氏菌病血清流行率差异也不显著(X~2=0.15,p=0.930.05)。单因素分析结果表明,"与其他养羊场户共用种公羊""产后胎衣丢弃和喂狗""流产物喂狗""与其他养羊场户共用交通工具""近一年羊贩子进羊圈""近一年在交易市场买卖羊"等行为是羊群感染布鲁氏菌病的风险因素,而"购入前检测布鲁氏疾病"是显著的保护性因素。进一步的logistic回归分析表明,"近一年在交易市场买卖羊"(OR=4.91,95%CI:1.57%~15.35%)"流产物处理不当"(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.06%~3.30%)是主要的羊群布鲁氏菌病感染风险因素。"知信行"调查结果表明,大连市养羊从业者对布鲁氏菌病的认知程度较好,说明兽医部门的宣传工作有成效。但从行为实践角度来看,仍有部分养羊场户存有侥幸心理,在日常养殖和生活中不采取降低布鲁氏菌病感染风险的措施。     

2017～2020年徐州地区部分奶牛场布鲁氏菌病监测

为了解江苏徐州市奶牛布鲁氏菌病的分布及流行趋势,采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)初步筛选,试管凝集试验(SAT)进行复核的方法对徐州市辖区内主要奶牛养殖场群及部分散养户持续4年进行布鲁氏菌病的监测。累计监测244个奶牛场群,共计血清样品47666份。结果显示,布鲁氏菌病个体平均阳性率为0.13%;群体平均阳性率为2.87%。随着奶牛养殖呈逐年集约化发展,布鲁氏菌病的分布也逐步向少数重点场群呈集中趋势。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.