鸡脾转移因子对鸡新城疫、传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫效果的影响

鸡脾转移因子（TF）与鸡新城疫活疫苗和法氏囊活疫苗配合使用，免疫雏鸡。结果显示，在ND-HI抗体较低时，TF对新城疫活疫苗有免疫增强作用，而在母源抗体水平较高时，免疫增强作用不明显。本次试验中，TF对法氏囊活疫苗未显示明显的免疫增强作用。     

鸡转移因子的制和协及其对鸡免疫应答影响的研究

将新研制的鸡脾转移因子（TransferFactor,TF)与鸡新城疫、法氏减蛋综合征疫苗同时应用后,以淋巴细胞转化试验监测细胞免疫应答,血凝抑制试验（HI）监测体液免疫应答,结果表明,应用TF试验组的细胞应答能力和血清抗体效价与对照组比较,差异显著,说明TF与疫苗同时应用时具有协同作用,可显著地提高机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,增强疫苗的免疫效果。     

鸡传染性法氏囊活疫苗（K株）免疫肉鸡效果

1　材料和方法1．1　试验鸡群　从汤阴县肉种鸡场购进AA肉仔鸡1 200只。1．2　供试疫苗　黑龙江化血研生物技术有限公司生产，批号为98065，每瓶1 000羽份，含IBD病毒每羽份TCID50104．0以上。1．3　试验药品　IBD琼扩抗原及标准阳性血清购自中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所。1．4　试验方法　随机把鸡群平均分成A、B、C三组，A、B为试验组，饲养在2号舍，C组为对照组，饲养在5号舍，每组各400只。试验鸡在2、7、14、19、21日龄随机取样10～20只鸡采血分离血清，用琼脂扩散试验测定母源抗体。A组试验鸡于14日龄和21日龄分别用一个剂…     

鸡脾转移因子对体液免疫影响的研究

以鸡脾转移因子注射试验鸡，采用血凝抑制试验检测体液免疫效果，结果证明，注射鸡脾转移因子的试验组与应变射生理盐水的对照组的体液免疫功能有显著差异。     

鸡γ-干扰素联合新城疫活疫苗对肉鸡免疫效果的研究

选用350只1日龄罗氏308商品肉鸡,比较不同剂量的鸡γ-干扰素(ChIFN-γ)在新城疫活疫苗免疫前、后使用以及与疫苗同时使用对淋巴细胞刺激指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数以及鸡新城疫HI抗体滴度的影响。结果显示:各试验组淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)均高于空白对照组,表现差异显著(p<0.05);与疫苗对照组相比,疫苗免疫后给药组SI优于免疫前给药组和同时给药组,其中两次免疫后给药组好于一次免疫后给药组,500IU/羽的使用剂量优于100IU/羽;ChIFN-γ在免疫的不同时期使用均能有效提高巨噬细胞吞噬指数;两次免疫后给药组较疫苗对照组能明显提高28日龄以后新城疫抗体滴度,表现差异显著(P<0.05);一次免疫后给药组和免疫前给药各组的新城疫抗体滴度及变化趋势与疫苗对照组接近;但同时给药组各日龄段的新城疫抗体滴度都明显低于疫苗对照组。本试验结果显示ChIFN-γ联合新城疫活疫苗使用有助于提高疫苗免疫效果,其使用最佳时机为新城疫活疫苗免疫后使用,使用剂量为500IU/羽。     

鸡脾转移因子对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

3日龄罗曼雏鸡每只肌注或口服0．5ml的鸡脾转移因子原液，结果表明：鸡脾转移因子可显著提高雏鸡外周血液ANAE＋T淋巴细胞百分率；免疫器官脾和法氏囊的相对湿重增加明显。     

鸡和猪脾转移因子活性组分的提取及免疫活性研究

采用Sephadex G-25柱层析法分离提取鸡、猪脾转移因子(Transfer Factor,TF)各组分。利用环磷酰胺建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,通过MTT法比较鸡脾TF各组分及TF原液对免疫抑制小鼠和正常小鼠的淋巴细胞转化的作用,同时比较了不同来源的鸡脾和猪脾TF各组分及原液对正常小鼠淋巴细胞转化的作用。结果表明鸡脾和猪脾TF均由三大组分构成,其中鸡脾TF三大组分及原液均对免疫抑制小鼠的外周血淋巴细胞转化具有明显的免疫增强作用,与对照组相比均表现差异显著(P<0.01),其中组分Ⅲ的淋巴细胞转化最佳,组分Ⅰ与组分Ⅱ接近,但均优于原液。而对正常小鼠的外周血淋巴细胞转化却表现不同的结果,其中组分Ⅰ和原液具有显著的免疫增强作用(P<0.05),组分Ⅱ作用不显著,组分Ⅲ则起到极显著的抑制作用(P<0.01)。而不同来源的猪脾和鸡脾TF各组分及原液对正常小鼠的淋巴细胞均表现出一致的免疫活性。     

猪脾转移因子对雏鸡免疫应答的作用研究

将猪脾转移因子(Transfer Factor,TF)与鸡新城疫疫苗配合应用,比较猪脾转移因子对人工接种新城疫疫苗的鸡淋巴细胞转化率和新城疫HI效价的影响。结果表明,应用TF试验组的淋巴细胞转化率和血清抗体效价与单独接种疫苗对照组相比较,差异显著,说明TF与疫苗配合应用时具有协同作用,可显著地提高机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,增强疫苗的免疫效果。     

微生态制剂对鸡免疫应答功能的影响

微生态菌应用于动物生产已有 3 0余年。利用微生态制剂所产生的生物效应和生态效应国内外已有较多报道 ,其主要作用是通过动物消化道生物的竞争性排斥作用 ,帮助动物建立有利于宿主的肠道微生物群系 ,形成屏障 ,提高抗病力。同时动物建立有利于宿主产生抗体和致敏免疫活性细胞 ,对某些致病性微生物有抑制作用。近年来有些试验结果表明 ,微生态制剂能促进实质性免疫器官增重和刺激非特异性免疫系统 ,进而防止疾病感染。本研究旨在验证本项目研制的微生物制剂ＧＡＩＣ对雏鸡的免疫应答功能的影响。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验方法试验选用 3 2 0…     

鸡转移因子脂质体对新城疫免疫效果影响的研究

为了研究鸡转移因子脂质体(CTFL)对疫苗免疫的影响,试验采用微量血凝抑制方法测定新城疫(ND)抗体效价,并以生理盐水、空白脂质体和鸡转移因子(CTF)为对照,首先对试验鸡进行ND抗体效价的测定,然后接种新减支(ND-EDS-IB)灭活油乳剂三联苗,用药后隔日采血测定ND抗体效价。结果表明:CTEL组的抗体效价与生理盐水组、空白脂质体组和CTF组相比均差异显著,并且从第22天开始CTFL组抗体水平一直高于其他各组。说明CTFL对新城疫免疫具有显著的增强效果。     

Effect of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on growth performance and immune function of broilers

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine possessing many properties such as anti-oxidant and immunomodulation. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of LBP in broilers. A total of 240 newly hatched broilers were randomly allotted into 4 treatments with 6 replicates. Diets in 3 treatment groups were supplemented with 2, 4, and 8 g/kg LBP, respectively, based on the control diet. Lymphocytes isolated from broiler blood were used to detect immunoregulation function of LBP in vitro. Results in vivo showed that average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 4 g/kg LBP group were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Dietary 4 g/kg LBP significantly increased immune organ indexes of broilers at 21 d (P < 0.05). Moreover, levels of serum total protein, globulin, albumin, and lysozyme of broilers were higher in the 8 g/kg LBP group (P < 0.05). CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio in blood T cells was higher in the 4 g/kg LBP group (P < 0.05). Results in vitro suggested that 100 and 1,600 μg/mL LBP supplementation significantly promoted blood B and T lymphocyte proliferation of broilers, respectively (P < 0.05). TNF-α mRNA abundance was observably decreased in the lower LBP concentration groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LBP may possess the clinical efficacy for growth promotion and immunomodulation and could be used as an alternative for nutritive additive in broilers.     

Replacement of canola meal with Moringa oleifera leaf powder affects performance and immune response in broilers

Moringa oleifera is known as a miracle tree due to its amazing nutritional and therapeutic properties. Considering its nutritional value, Moringa oleifera leaf powder can be used as a non-conventional ingredient in poultry diets. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the replacement of canola meal (CM) with Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) on growth performance, blood hematology, and immune response in broilers. Two-hundred-twenty one-day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were reared in one group for a wk (adaptation period). At 8 d of age, 150 chicks of similar body weight (±5g) were selected and randomly divided into 15 experimental units, each comprising 10 chicks. These experimental units were further allocated to 5 treatment groups that were fed Ration A (control), B, C, D, and E, containing 8% CM and 0% MOLP, 6% CM and 2% MOLP, 4% CM and 4% MOLP, 2% CM and 6% MOLP, and 0% CM and 8% MOLP, respectively. The experimental diets were fed to the broilers for a period of 31 d. The results of the present study suggest that replacement of CM with MOLP as a vegetable protein source can enhance the immune response to Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease vaccination without any change in weight gain, body organ weight, and blood hematology in broilers. The results also indicate that replacement of CM with MOLP results in higher feed intake with some negative effects on FCR in broilers.     

蛋氨酸缺乏对雏鸡抗氧化功能和免疫球蛋白的影响

蛋氨酸作为禽类的第一限制性氨基酸,具有重要的生物学功能。本试验将100只健康雏鸡随机分为两组,分别饲喂标准日粮以及蛋氨酸缺乏日粮。本试验主要采用临床观察法、生物化学法以及酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法,研究蛋氨酸缺乏对雏鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能和免疫球蛋白含量的影响,主要检测指标有超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及抑制羟自由基能力的检测,免疫球蛋白主要检测IgA、IgG以及IgM。研究结果发现,与对照组相比,14、28、42日龄蛋氨酸缺乏导致雏鸡体重分别降低了40.54、191.6、218.4 g,血清SOD活性降低了9.48、15.31、13.94 U/mL、CAT活性降低了14.54、17.31、29.35 U/g Hb和GSH-Px活性降低了79.71、102、132.75 U,导致GSH含量分别下降了0.12、0.71、0.88 mg GSH/L和抑制羟自由基能力下降1.1、46.5、91.5 U/mL,引起MDA含量显著升高了0.26、1.11、1.28 nmol/mL。免疫球蛋白(Ig)检测结果显示,各日龄IgA含量分别下降了0.47、2.22、3.07μg/mL,IgG含量下降了3.46、3.55、7.16μg/mL以及IgM含量下降了1.71、2.7、2.85μg/mL,均显著或极显著降低(P <0.05或P <0.01)。结果表明,蛋氨酸缺乏抑制雏鸡的生长,对其抗氧化功能以及免疫球蛋白产生了负面影响,导致雏鸡机体抗氧能力和体液免疫功能降低。     

酵母培养物与抗生素对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫机能影响的研究

用 2 1 0只 1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡 ,随机分成 7组 ,即 :对照组、 0 1 %、 0 3%、 0 5 %、 0 7%、 0 9%酵母培养物组和抗生素组 (5mg/kg ) ,每组设 3个重复 ,每个重复 1 0只鸡 ,试验期 2 8d,研究不同添加水平的酵母培养物和抗生素对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响。试验结果表明 :0 3%的酵母培养物组日增重、日采食量、饲料转化率 ,较对照组略有提高 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 0 5) ,抗生素组与对照组和酵母培养物组相比差异显著 (P <0 0 5) ;各组之间营养物质代谢率差异不显著 (P >0 0 5) ,酵母培养物组有提高的趋势 ;酵母培养物显著降低大肠杆菌的数量 ,提高双歧杆菌的数量 (P <0 0 5) ,抗生素显著降低了大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量 (P <0 0 5) ;酵母培养物显著提高了肉仔鸡血清IgA、IgG水平(P <0 0 5)和IgM水平 (P >0 0 5)。     

Response of in ovo administration of zinc on egg hatchability and immune response of commercial broiler chicken

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of in ovo administration of different forms of zinc with respect to hatchability and performance of commercial broiler chicken. In trial 1, the fertile eggs on day 18 were divided into six treatment groups: Group I as control without any supplementation of zinc, group II to IV were supplemented with 0.5 mg zinc per egg as zinc sulphate, zinc methionine or nano zinc, respectively, and Group V with nano zinc at 0.25 mg zinc per egg. Sixth group received 0.5 ml citric acid per egg as sham control. The results of the first trial indicated that in ovo administration of nano zinc at both levels and zinc methionine resulted in complete failure of hatchability. A second trial to validate the result of trial 1 consisted of Group I control (no administration). Group II and Group III were supplemented with zinc sulphate and zinc methionine, respectively, at 0.5 mg zinc per egg. Group IV and Group V were supplemented with nano zinc at 0.04 and 0.08 mg per egg. In the second trial, again there was a similar pattern for zinc sulphate and zinc methionine. Administration of Zn by nano form had around 80% hatchability on fertile eggs in comparison with the unadministered control eggs (92%). There was no difference (p > .05) in body weight gain, feed intake and FCR. No difference (p > .05) was observed between treatments for cell‐mediated immune response and humoral immune response. Nano Zn‐administered group showed a non‐significant downregulation of MUC2 gene. It could be concluded that in ovo administration of higher levels of zinc has to be with caution for the developing embryo of commercial broiler chicken.     

中草药添加剂对肉鸡抗氧化能力和红细胞免疫功能的影响

为了解中草药添加剂对肉鸡抗氧化和红细胞免疫功能的影响,选用80只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为对照组(C)和试验组(T),每组40只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1%中草药添加剂,连续饲喂20d。在试验初(0d)和试验末(20d),分别测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、红细胞C3b受体花环率(E-C3bRR)和免疫复合物花环率(E-ICRR)。结果表明:0d时两组鸡抗氧化能力和红细胞免疫功能测定值差异不显著(P>0.05);20d时试验组与对照组比较,血清SOD、GSH-Px活性和E-C3bRR分别提高8.51%、7.49%和10.23%(P<0.05);血清MDA含量和E-ICRR分别下降5.85%和7.87%(P<0.05)。     

Effect of dietary histidine on contents of carnosine and anserine in muscles of broilers

Carnosine (β‐alanyl‐L‐histidine) and anserine (β‐alanyl‐1‐methyl‐L‐histidine) are dipeptides mainly found in skeletal muscle and brain of many vertebrates, and particularly high concentrations are observed in chicken pectoral muscles. It was reported that these peptides have many functions, such as antioxidant activity. In this study, we examined the effect of different levels of dietary histidine on carnosine and anserine contents in broiler muscles. The 14‐days‐old female Chunky strain broilers were given feeds containing three different levels of histidine; 67% (Low‐His), 100% (Control) and 200% (High‐His) of histidine requirement according to the NRC (1994). Chicks were fed experimental diets for 10 days. Both dipeptides in muscle were significantly decreased. In particular, carnosine was not detected at all in the Low‐His group and was significantly increased in the High‐His group. Both dipeptides were not detected in plasma. These results indicated the possibility to produce chicken meat with enhanced amount of these dipeptides by high histidine feeding.     

山西麻鸡两个组合商品代增重及屠宰性能的测定

为了比较山西麻鸡两个组合商品代增重及屠宰性能,本试验用商品代山西麻鸡1号和2号为研究对象,测定其11周龄增重及屠宰性能。结果表明:两组合间周增重和活重差异均极显著(P<0.01);且0～11周龄的平均料重比也存在差异;在屠宰性能方面,两组合间屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率及腿肌率均无明显差异。