Light and electron microscopic studies on the effect of a contraceptive drug on the stomach of mouse

The present study was an investigation of the effect of the contraceptive drug, Nordette, on the stomach of the mouse when administered daily at a recommended therapeutic dose rate of 0.0026 mg kg(-1) for 30 days. Extensive light and electron microscopic changes were noticed. The drug caused enlargement in the all types of cells. The oxyntic cells appeared hypertrophied with irregular cell boundaries, enlarged nuclei and faintly stained cytoplasm. Their cytoplasm contained irregularly distributed mitochondria with dense matrix, decreased rER, obviously increased sER, disorganized intracellular canaliculi and some lysosomes. The peptic cells appeared enlarged and contained hypertrophied rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increase amount of ribosomes and secretory granules. There was an increase in the amount of the secretory granules in the lumen of the gastric gland. The mucus cells at the upper region of the gastric gland were greatly decreased. Smooth muscle fibers showed enlargement and degeneration. The submucosa and lamina propria showed vacuolation. The most pathological effects were restricted to the obvious decrease of the lymphoid cells in the submucosa and lamina propria. Dilatation and congestion of the blood vessels and blood capillaries were noticed. Blood capillaries lined by enlarged endothelial cells containing enlarged heterochromatic nuclei.     

Expression of TNF inhibitor gene in the lacrimal gland promotes recovery of tear production and tear stability and reduced immunopathology in rabbits with induced autoimmune dacryoadenitis

Background

The most common cause of ocular morbidity in developed countries is dry eye, many cases of which are due to lacrimal insufficiency. Dry eye affects approximately 10 million in the United States., most of whom are women. In the U.S. alone, an estimated 2 million Sjögren's syndrome patients have dysfunctional lacrimal glands and severe dry eye, and there is no satisfactory treatment. These patients would benefit if their lacrimal tissue function could be restored.

Methods

The effect of adenovirus-mediated transfer of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitor gene on induced autoimmune dacryoadenitis was evaluated in a rabbit model. Soluble transgene protein was detected in tears by ELISA for 7 days following transduction.

Results

Two weeks after induction of disease with activated lymphocytes, tear production, as determined by Schirmer testing, was reduced by about 40%, while tear film stability, as measured by tear breakup time (BUT), declined by 43%. Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy using AdTNFRp55-Ig given 2 weeks after disease induction, resulted in the return of tear production to normal levels by week 4. In the treated disease group, tear BUT improved significantly by week 4. Rose bengal scores, an indicator of corneal surface defects, increased after disease induction and declined after gene therapy. In the lacrimal gland, the CD4 to CD8 T cell ratio was 4:1 in the disease group compared to 1:2 in the treated group. Infiltration of T cells and CD18+ cells was reduced approximately 50% after gene therapy.

Conclusion

We concluded that therapeutic levels of soluble TNF inhibitor were achieved in the lacrimal gland and on the corneal surface. Anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression might offer a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of autoimmune dacryoadenitis, once suitable vectors become available.

     

The study of vitelline gland of Haploporus lateralis (Digenea: Trematoda)

The study of vitelline glands of digenean Haploporus lateralis, indicates that the glands consist of vitelocytes in various stages of maturation. The cytoplasmic process of nurse cells which surrounded the vitelline lobes, intrude between vitelocytes and surround them. Immature vitelline cells are undifferentiated, they possess small amount of cytoplasm and large nucleus. The synthesis of shell globules begin in the maturing vitelline cells. Increasing numbers of vitellocytes reach develop of mature vitelline cells. The cytoplasm of mature vitelline cells is filled with shell globules. Mature vitelline cells usually found in the center of vitelline lobe. They release into the vitelline duct and vitelline reservoir. The vitelline reservoir and duct are lined with a syncytial epithelium. Basement membrane is present between nurse cells and vitelline cells.     

The Effect of the Hypertrophy Virus (MdSGHV) on the Ultrastructure of the Salivary Glands of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

The salivary glands of insects play a key role in the replication cycle and vectoring of viral pathogens. Consequently, Musca domestica (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) and the Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (MdSGHV) serve as a model to study insect vectoring of viruses. A better understanding of the structural changes of the salivary glands by the virus will help obtain a better picture of the pathological impact the virus has on adult flies. The salivary glands are a primary route for viruses to enter a new host. As such, studying the viral effect on the salivary glands is particularly important and can provide insights for the development of strategies to control the transmission of vector-borne diseases, such as dengue, malaria, Zika, and chikungunya virus. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques, researchers have shown the effects of infection by MdSGHV on the salivary glands; however, the exact location where the infection was found is unclear. For this reason, this study did a close examination of the effects of the hypertrophy virus on the salivary glands to locate the specific sites of infection. Here, we report that hypertrophy is present mainly in the secretory region, while other regions appeared unaffected. Moreover, there is a disruption of the cuticular, chitinous lining that separates the secretory cells from the lumen of the internal duct, and the disturbance of this lining makes it possible for the virus to enter the lumen. Thus, we report that the chitinous lining acts as an exit barrier of the salivary gland.     

橡胶树品种热研7-33-97花药愈伤组织形态发生和组织学研究

以大规模推广的橡胶树品种热研7-33-97为材料,对橡胶树花药愈伤发生的形态学、组织学进行研究,为胚与非胚性愈伤组织的区分提供试验依据,在橡胶树组织培养和遗传转化中具有重要的意义.结果表明,花药胚与非胚性愈伤组织有着明显差别,前者表现为组织疏松脆性,表面凹凸不平,有较多小球状突起,细胞中含有较大的胞核,细胞形状呈规则小圆球形,细胞排列紧密,细胞体积较小;后者存在两种类型,第一种表现为结构紧密,整块组织硬实,表面较平滑,细胞形态不规则,胞质稀少,部分细胞含有极小的胞核,细胞体积大,第二种表现为组织松软、水渍状,细胞不含有胞核,胞质极稀薄并液泡化,细胞形状不规则,细胞排列较疏松,胞间间隙较大,细胞体积较大.热研7-33-97花药胚性愈伤发生率较低,仅为42%,但分化力强.     

Effects of High Temperature Stress on Microscopic and Ultrastructural Characteristics of Mesophyll Cells in Flag Leaves of Rice

The microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of mesophyll cells in flag leaves of two rice lines (a thermo-sensitive line 4628 and a thermo-resistant line 996) under high temperature stress (37°C during 8:00-17:00 and 30°C during 17:00-8:00) were investigated using an optical and a transmission electron microscopy. The membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content increased under the high temperature stress, and the increase of both variables was greater in the line 4628 than in the line 996. Und...     

水稻KV型细胞质雄性不育系的选育及其胞质效应研究初报

水稻ＫＶ型不育系与ＷＡ型不育系在育性表现和恢保关系上基本相同，但可恢性更好，恢复谱更广。特别是ＫＶ细胞质对杂种的每穗粒数及结实率有显著的正效应．因而它是个利用前景更广泛的新质源不育系．     

The effects of electromagnetic field on the microstructure of seminal vesicles in rat: a light and transmission electron microscope study

In the industrial world, almost everyone is unavoidably exposed to ambient electromagnetic field (EMF) generated from various technical and household appliances. Controversy exists about the effects of EMF on various tissues of the living bodies. Seminal vesicles as one of these accessory glands play an important role in natural seminal fluid formation and the effects of EMF on its tissue is worthy of investigation. In order to examine this 30 rat were selected and kept for one weeks in quarantine and 15 (experimental group) were exposed to 50 Hz (non-ionizing radiation) during postnatal life for 2 months. The materials were processed and observed under a light and transmission electron microscope. In the experimental rats epithelial and basal cells showed significant destructions presented by heterochromatin and dense nuclei. Cell debris and abnormal areas was recognizable in the stromal connective tissue. Obvious vacuolization was present within the epithelial cell cytoplasm and also between the cellular organelles. The nuclei of the endothelial cells of the blood vessels were more rigid and endothelial cell cytoplasm contained a lot of vacuoles and pinoctotic vesicles. The results suggested that EMF exposure may cause profound changes in the vesicle seminal tissues. Therefore exposure to EMF may result in pathological changes that lead to sub fertility and infertility.     

基因型对油菜子叶外植体再生植株的影响

为了了解细胞核和细胞质基因在油菜再生中的作用，采用MS培养基附加不同的激素，对6个基因型相关材料的子叶外格体进行了愈伤组织诱导及植株再生研究。愈伤组织诱导频率、生长速度以及不定芽的生根频率，主要受细胞核基因的影响，细胞质施加的影响不明显。细胞核基因极显著地影响着不定芽的再生，在此过程中，细胞质也起了显著的作用。陕2A与PolimaA的胞质效应表现一致，两种不育材料可能属同种类型来源的细胞质。     

Assessment of morphological and functional changes in the mouse testis and epididymal sperms following busulfan treatment

BACKGROUND: Busulfan, a cytotoxic drug, which is currently used as a chemotherapeutic agent, has many side effects on different body organs. In this research, the effects of busulfan on sperm parameters and microstructure of mouse testis were investigated. METHODS: Busulfan was injected intrapretoneally at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg and testes were removed after 4, 6 and 8 weeks, weighed and processed for light microscopic examination. Transverse and cross section diameters of testes, seminiferous tubules diameters, percentage of different types of tubules, epithelium thickness, spermatogenic cell numbers and capsule thickness as well as the sperm parameters in epididymis were measured. RESULTS: There was a significant decline in sperm numbers and marked changes in testes structures. Almost 8 weeks after the injection of drug, some of the changes are reversed. Accordingly, the changes in percent of normal tubules without sperm, abnormal tubules and capsule thickness were increased until 6 weeks of drug administration, the changes declined thereafter. CONCLUSION: In general, busulfan caused a decrease in all analyzed parameters (except capsule thickness, normal tubules without sperm and abnormal tubules), probably due to the arrest of spermatogenesis. Our results also revealed that some of the changes are reversible and dose dependent.     

A study on the effect of thiotepa on mice spermatogenesis using light and electronic microscope

The present study was designed to explore the spermatogenic effect of intraperitoneal administration of thiotepa in mice. It is known the chemotherapy could affect testicular function and result in infertility. There are few reports on the side effect of thiotepa on spermatogenesis when are used as anticancer drug. Therefore, in the present study the effect of thiotepa on spermatogenesis was evaluated by electron microscopy. A total of 20 balb/c mice were used in this study. They were divided into control and thiotepa treated groups. Thiotepa was administrated as 2.5 mg kg(-1) for 5 days. The mice were sacrificed after 5 weeks and testicular specimens were removed, fixed in boueins fixative and 2.5% Glutaraldehide then prepared for light and electron microscopic study. Light microscopy showed that the thickness of germinal epithelium was decreased in thiotepa treated group and many seminiferous tubules have lost germinal cells. Electron microscopy revealed that in experimental group several intercellular spaces appeared between spermatogonial and sertoli cells. The basement membrane became irregular and intercellular vacuoles were present in sertoli and spermatogonial cells. Nuclear chromatin was condensed and there were several vacuolated mitochondria. It was indicated that thiotepa affected testicular germinal epithelium by both cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis.     

辽宁省粳稻育成品种遗传基础分析

以辽宁省1980～2000年审定的71个粳稻品种为分析材料,通过对其系谱、细胞核构成及细胞质来源进行了分析。结果显示,在系谱结构上,日本粳稻丰锦、福锦、黎明、Pi5、三好共衍生出54个水稻品种,占品种总数的76.06%。在细胞核构成上,外来种质资源占辽宁省粳稻育成品种平均细胞核比例的71.86%,其中日本粳稻资源比例达到67.06%。在细胞质来源上,外引19个细胞质家族共衍生出55个水稻品种,占品种总数的77.46%,其中日本粳稻15个细胞质家族,衍生水稻品种数占育成品种总数的46.48%。表明,外引种质资源对辽宁省粳稻品种的基础性作用,日本粳稻资源对辽宁省粳稻品种具有较大的遗传贡献,在一定程度上辽宁省粳稻育成品种遗传背景较为单一。同时,探讨了拓宽辽宁省粳稻品种群体遗传基础及水稻种质资源利用的措施。     

籼型杂交水稻稻米蒸煮品质,碾米品质及营养品质的细胞质遗传效应

有关杂交水稻品质性状的研究,国内外学者已做了一些工作,主要注重于现有杂交稻米质的表现,或者是稻米品质的核遗传效应,作者在前文中已报道细胞质对稻米外观品质及氨基酸含量的影响,发现细胞质效应是显著的,但主要是通过核质互作进行表达。本文就稻米蒸煮品质、碾米品质及营养品质的细胞质影响作一探讨。     

Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Oleuropein on Reperfusion-Induced Arrhythmia in Anesthetized Rat

Background:

This study was conducted to reveal that whether i.v. injection of oleuropein, the most potent polyphenolic antioxidant in olive leaf, has any effect on the magnitude of reperfusion arrhythmia in anesthetized rats or not.

Methods:

Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups of 10 each: groups 1 and 5 were assigned as the prophylactic and treatment control groups, groups 2 and 6 as the prophylactic and treatment groups with lidocaine (10 mg/kg), groups 3 and 4 as the prophylactic groups with 10 and 50 mg/kg oleuropein (i.v.), and groups 7 and 8 as the treatment groups with 10 and 50 mg/kg oleuropein (i.v.), respectively. Reperfusion injury was induced by 5-min regional ischemia and 15-min reperfusion of left anterior descending coronary artery. Heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram were monitored throughout the procedure.

Results:

blood pressure was significantly decreased by infusion of 50 mg/kg oleuropein in groups 4 and 8, but unlike the lidocaine as a standard anti-arrhythmic drug in groups 2 and 5 had not significant effect on heart rate. The onset of arrhythmia in groups received oleuropein (groups 3, 4, 7, and 8) was significantly delayed. The mortality rate due to irreversible ventricular fibrillation was also significantly reduced in groups 3, 4, 7, and 8. The effect of lidocaine in groups 2 and 5 was more potent than that in oleuropein group.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that i.v. injection of oleuropein possibly through its antioxidant activity reduces the magnitude of reperfusion-induced arrhythmia.Key Words: Oleuropein, Arrhythmia, Reperfusion, Rats     

Chlorpromazine-Induced Hyperprolactinemia on Rat’s Uterus

Background:

Hyperprolactinemia is a common side effect of antipsychotic drugs that requires further investigation. The current study was designed to evaluate dose-dependent effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on hormonal changes and uterine horn histological structure in rats. Moreover, the mammary glands were analyzed to show hyperprolactinemia-induced histological changes.

Methods:

Albino Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups. The first group was set as a control. In the three drug-treated groups (eight rats in each group), CPZ was administered by a gavage at doses of 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg/day for 28 days. One day after the last administration of the drug, the animals were sacrificed. Histopathological and histomorphometrical analyses of the uterine horns and mammary glands were carried out to evaluate dose-dependent effect of CPZ on histological structure. Serum levels of prolactin (PRL), estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also evaluated.

Results:

Remarkable (P < 0.05) elevation was observed in CPZ-administrated animals'' uterine horn endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium thicknesses, and the mammary glands were observed with galactorrhea features. The serum level of progesterone and PRL significantly (P < 0.05) increased, while the serum concentration of LH, FSH, and estradiol was notably (P < 0.05) decreased depending on administrated CPZ dose. No histological and biological changes were occurred in the control animals.

Conclusion:

The present findings suggest that CPZ-induced disturbances not only depend on PRL level and increased PRL level largely depends on administrated doses of the CPZ. Key Words: Hyperprolactinemia, Uterus, Rats     

营养生长期持续高温处理对玉米叶片转录组及生化指标的影响

以玉米杂交种郑单958和登海605为材料,通过转录组测序分析玉米营养生长期叶片受热胁迫后基因差异表达、基因功能富集和KEGG通路富集,使用微量法和HPLC法分析叶片中相关生化指标的变化。结果表明,高温胁迫会降低光合作用关键酶二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Rubisco)和三羧酸循环限速酶柠檬酸合酶(CS)的活力,升高丙二醛(MDA)、脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA₃)的含量,降低水杨酸(SA)的含量。与常温对照比,玉米营养生长期叶片受热胁迫后,两个品种4个比较组合累计检测到16 996个差异表达的基因,共同差异表达的基因有1 160个。光合作用、细胞代谢、叶绿体膜和质体膜等相关基因的表达会响应热胁迫。     

转mtlD/gutD基因稻米对大鼠性腺毒性的实验研究

研究了转mtlD/gutD双价基因稻米对大鼠的性腺毒性。通过对大鼠90 d喂养观察及对各组动物的睾丸和卵巢进行组织切片检查,未见有意义的病理改变。比较雌性大鼠的性成熟、雄性大鼠的精子畸变率及雌雄大鼠的性激素水平,各实验组与对照组均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结果初步表明用转mtlD/gutD双价基因水稻秀水11品系T18 7 8 1稻米喂养大鼠90 d对大鼠性腺器官的结构和功能无明显影响。     

淹水胁迫下水稻根尖细胞中Ca^2＋和Ca^2＋—ATP酶的分布

应用电镜细胞化学方法，对淹水胁迫下水稻根尖细胞中Ca^2 和Ca^2 -ATP酶分布的变化进行了观察。正常生长条件下，Ca^2 主要分布于液泡和细胞间隙中，而细胞质基质、细胞核中分布很少；Ca^2 －ATP酶主要分布于质膜上，线粒体膜、内质网膜、核膜上也有酶分布。经过没顶淹水处理后，液泡、细胞间隙中的Ca^2 沉淀颗粒明显减少，而胞质及核基质中的沉淀颗粒明显增多，同时，质膜及其他膜结构上Ca^2 －ATP酶的活性明显降低。淹水造成根尖细胞中Ca^2 －ATP酶活性降低，胞质和核基质中Ca^2 积累，将影响细胞的正常生理代谢活动。     

不同细胞质的核质互作对籼粳杂种F1代主要农艺性状的影响

 将5份籼型不育系及其保持系为母本与6份粳型或偏粳型广亲和系为父本的23对籼粳交不育系杂种(AW)和可育系杂种(BW)，应用核质互作混合线性模型对株高等8个主要农艺性状进行遗传分析。结果表明，株高、单株穗数、剑叶长和结实率等性状均存在显著或极显著的核质互作效应；不育质或可育质与核基因的互作使杂种F1的平均基因型预测值和群体平均优势在株高、单株穗数和剑叶长上得到明显增加，在结实率上则显著降低。     

渍涝对不同耐性花生品种根系形态特征及解剖结构的影响

为解析渍涝对花生根系形态特征的影响,以耐性品种湘花2008与敏感品种中花4号根系为研究材料,在自制根架系统内进行盆栽培养,于幼苗期分别进行0、3、6、9、12 d渍涝胁迫处理,通过根系的鲜（干）重以及显微和超微结构研究不同耐性花生品种根系形态特征的差异。结果表明,渍涝胁迫下中花4号根系受影响较大,随着淹水天数延长,根系颜色加深,臭味加重,而湘花2008仅根系中、上部根色变黄,臭味较轻,湘花2008根系鲜重耐渍系数高于中花4号。湘花2008出现了通气组织,且随着淹水时间增加,通气组织数量增加、横截面积加大;主根中段木质部基本保持正常,导管大体呈射线状分布。而中花4号未形成明显的通气组织,木质部和导管呈不规则分布。湘花2008主根细胞内的细胞核、线粒体虽受到影响,但仍能维持细胞活动,保持根系生长状态。中花4号细胞器受渍涝胁迫较敏感,加速衰老死亡。综上认为,渍涝胁迫下湘花2008根色和根味受影响较小,主根出现了通气组织,主根中段木质部与细胞中的细胞核、线粒体基本正常。而中花4号根色和根味受影响较重,未形成明显的通气组织,主根中段木质部和导管呈不规则分布,主根中段细胞中的细胞质溶解,线粒体异常...