不同季节芦笋嫩茎品质的差异研究

研究了在季节性萌发的芦笋嫩茎中,其碳水化合物、蛋白质、矿物盐类含量的变化,结果表明:春季萌发的芦笋与秋季芦笋相比干物质增加10.3%、蔗糖增加59.2%、可溶性总糖增加20.2%,而纤维素下降14.3%;矿物质P、K、Mg、Zn、B、Cu含量春季芦笋明显高于秋季芦笋,Ca含量受季节的影响较小,Na和S含量春季芦笋明显低于秋季芦笋;总蛋白、总氨基酸、类胡萝卜素和黄酮春季芦笋比秋季芦笋分别提高3.64%、25.20%、43.60%和20.00%.在春季不同采收期中,芦笋品质指标差异较大,早春季产的芦笋综合品种为优,在秋季芦笋中差异较小.     

芦笋全雄新品种‘井冈 111’

 芦笋‘井冈111’是以‘Atlas’中的优良雌株‘AT3’为母本,以全雄品种‘Backlim’中 两性株自交S1 群体中的优良超雄株‘B25(04)-15’为父本育成的全雄一代杂种。生育期约280 d,平均茎高 214 cm。笋粗细均匀,包头紧密,质地细嫩,口感好。鲜笋含水量93%,维生素C 0.21 mg · g^-1,总糖（以 葡萄糖计）2.83%,蛋白质2.12%,粗纤维0.60%,灰分0.57%。抗锈病和褐斑病,较耐茎枯病和根腐病, 平均产量18 000 kg · hm^-2,适宜作绿笋种植。     

Seasonal changes of asparagus spears in relation to enzyme activities and carbohydrate content

Seasonal changes in the activities of acid invertase, sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) along with the sugar content were studied in asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L. cvs. E414 and Welcome) grown in the greenhouse. The primary objective of this study was to understand the effect of long-term harvesting on the quality of green asparagus spears. Both soluble and cell wall-bound acid invertase increased in activity until June after which they changed very little. Similarly, SS activity increased to a maximum in June and changed little after this time. SPS activity changed little throughout the season. Sucrose concentration declined from March to a minimum in June and increased again in October. On the other hand glucose and fructose concentrations increased to a maximum in June and thereafter changed little except for a possible decline in October. A highly significant negative correlation was found between acid invertase and SS activities and sucrose content accounting well for the relation between the substrate and the activity. There were no significant differences between the cultivars.     

松花菜花球的主要营养特点分析

以近4 a来松花菜与普通紧花球花椰菜主要营养品质的测定数据,分析比较了松花菜的主要营养特点.试验结果表明,松花菜花球叶绿素平均含量为12.08μg/g FW,类胡萝卜素平均含量为3.28μg/g FW,可溶性糖平均含量为2.82%,比普通紧花球花椰菜要高出约2.5倍、1.5倍、14.8%,两者在VC、粗蛋白、粗纤维含量方面无明显差异,另外,秋冬季收获的松花菜粗蛋白、粗纤维及可溶性糖含量要高于春季收获的.     

豇豆新品种穗丰8号的选育

穗丰8号是从浙江省农家品种红嘴燕中采用系统选育育成的油青豇豆新品种。该品种中早熟,播种至初收春栽55～60d(天),夏秋栽49～50d(天);生长势强,分枝2条,主蔓第1荚着生节位第5节,荚长60cm、厚0.85～0.90cm,单荚质量25g,荚色油青,有光泽,荚条均匀,不露仁,无鼠尾,品质爽甜,耐贮运。抗逆性强,抗枯萎病,耐雨水,前期产量500kg·(667m~2)~(-1),总产量1 500kg·(667m~2)~(-1)左右。适宜华南地区种植。     

Yield estimation of 1-year-old asparagus grown using rootstock-planting forcing culture

Rootstock-planting forcing culture was developed in asparagus to harvest spears even during the seasons when the plants become dormant, but the demand for them high. In this study, cumulative hours during which the air temperature remained lower than 5°C, i.e. chilling hours (CHs), were calculated to determine dormancy breakage for asparagus cultures. We also measured CIELab colour values for cut stems immediately before rootstock digging, and determined whether they could be substituted and/or compensated for CHs while evaluating asparagus plant productivity in different low-temperature backgrounds, and obtained regression equations for yield estimation. Asparagus seedlings were cultivated in seven different regions across Japan and brought to the study site for harvesting. Our regression equation based on CHs and rootstock weight for yield estimation had relatively high fitness (adjusted R² = 0.5795). The colour values of cut stalks at rootstock digging can also be used to evaluate their productivity. These values can be useful in regions where CHs cannot be determined, although their effectiveness was slightly lower than that of CHs of areas adjacent to the study sites.     

AM 真菌对大棚芦笋矿质元素吸收和营养品质的影响

将接种丛枝菌根真菌摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae,GM）的芦笋菌根苗定植在大棚内,研究菌根对芦笋植株生物
量、矿质元素吸收和产量品质的影响。结果表明：接种GM 的芦笋单株地上部鲜质量增加了45.57%,地上部干质量增加了
29.65%;拟叶叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和植株根系活力均显著增加;植株吸收N、P、K、Mg、Mn、Cu 的能力均有不同程度
地提高;嫩茎中芦丁含量和皂苷含量也显著提高。     

长豇豆新品种‘瓯豇一点红’

 长豇豆新品种‘瓯豇一点红’, 中熟偏早, 荚条淡绿色, 顶端红色, 种子黑色。荚长70～80 cm, 横径0.8～1.0 cm, 单荚质量25～30 g。荚肉肥厚, 质脆嫩味甜, 不易老化。春季从播种至始收约69 d,一般产嫩荚30.0～37.5 t/hm²。较抗枯萎病和病毒病。     

不同覆盖方式对大棚春绿芦笋生长及产量的影响

以三年生芦笋格兰德为试材,研究了单层白色地膜、谷壳和三层覆盖（稻草＋鸡粪＋谷壳）的增温效应及对大棚春绿芦笋生长和产量的影响。试验结果表明,单层白色地膜覆盖平均可提高地温2．65℃,促进绿芦笋提前萌芽出笋,使采笋期提前18d左右,绿芦笋产量和产值比对照（不覆盖）提高40．54％和61．14％,增产增效显著;但谷壳覆盖和三层覆盖对绿芦笋的采笋期、产量和产值均无显著影响,且地温比对照低;另外,3种覆盖方式对绿芦笋的一级笋率均无显著影响。     

芦笋新品种引进与比较试验

为了解决生产中芦笋重茬衰产、早生性品种缺乏等问题,选取国内外14个芦笋新品种在富阳进行大棚栽培条件下有关产量测定及性状方面的观察。结果表明:春季嫩茎出土最早、抗低温的品种是ZF112、UC115,其均在2月18日开始出笋;春、秋2季平均667 m~2产量较高的品种是ZF112、Ava1im,分别为516.73、498.81 kg;春、秋2季的单笋质量较高的品种是Plasene、Herkolim,分别为36.36、35.32 g;第1分枝高度最高的是UC115,达65.7 cm。综合来看,国内选育的ZF112表现相对较好,建议推广种植。     

Yield,dry matter and polysaccharides content of the mushroom Agaricus blazei produced on asparagus straw substrate

The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) straw as a raw material for cultivating Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM). On non-supplemented asparagus straw substrate, the yield and biological efficiency (BE) of ABM were respectively 6.7 kg/m² and 30.2%. Addition of appropriate amounts of cottonseed hull or cow manure to the substrate increased the mushroom yield significantly. The mushroom yield on asparagus straw + cottonseed hull substrate was higher than that on asparagus straw + cow manure substrate. Maximum mushroom yield (9.8 kg/m²) and BE (44.1%) were obtained on the substrate consisting of asparagus straw (600 kg) and cottonseed hull (300 kg). No significant differences were found in either the dry matter contents or the polysaccharides contents of fruit bodies among the treatments.     

长豇豆新品种‘丰产6号’

 长豇豆早中熟新品种‘丰产6号’是由‘增城花仁白豆’的变异株系统选育而成。荚色绿白,荚条直,肉厚,荚长60 cm,荚宽1.0 cm,单荚质量28 g。荚形整齐,荚面平整,纤维少,品质优,产量高,对光周期反应不敏感,田间枯萎病、锈病发病率低,适宜广东省春夏秋季种植。     

Changes in fruit maturity indices along the harvest season in ‘Algerie’ loquat

Loquat is a subtropical fruit tree that presents an annual cycle reverse to that of the well-known temperate fruit crops. Loquat rests during summer, blooms in autumn, develops its fruit through winter and ripens them in early spring. Its unusual phenology allows growers to obtain high prices for its fruits, especially for early harvests. Although loquat is harvested based on skin colour, a minimum soluble solid content (TSS) of 10° Brix is often required for commercialization. However, we have noticed that the relationship between skin colour and eating quality seems to change along the season leading costumers to complain for the high acidity of the earliest fruits. In order to establish a reliable maturity index, we have evaluated the changes in different fruit maturation parameters along the harvest period in four consecutive seasons for ‘Algerie’ loquat. The results show that in samples collected with similar skin colour, TSS and, especially, fruit titratable acidity (TA) tend to decline as harvest season progresses. This makes fruit skin colour on its own not suitable as a harvest index to assure an adequate fruit quality under all circumstances. We propose instead to monitor continuously TSS and TSS/TA ratio along the season in order to fulfill consumer's expectations.     

苦瓜新品种早翠的选育

早翠是以自交系翠绿作母本，以自交系宝来2 号作父本配制而成的油绿型苦瓜一代杂种。早中熟，从播种至始收春季71 d（天）、秋季53 d（天），延续采收期春季34 d（天）、秋季37 d（天）。果实长圆锥形，果皮春季浅绿色、秋季绿色，条瘤为主、间有圆瘤；瓜长约28 cm，横径约6 cm，肉厚约1 cm，单瓜质量370～380 g，VC 含量364.0 mg · kg^-1，可溶性固形物含量36.0 mg · g^-1，粗纤维含量8.0 mg · g^-1。一般每667 m² 产量2 200 kg 左右，商品瓜率93% 左右，适合华南地区春秋季栽培。     

芦笋黄酮研究现状及发展对策

综述了芦笋黄酮类物质的提取、分离、纯化、测定等方面的研究现状,综合分析了影响芦笋中黄酮类物质含量的因素,并提出了提高我国芦笋黄酮类化合物利用率的发展对策。     

沙洲早水芹在不同季节及不同栽培方式下的品质差异

以沙洲早水芹为试材,比较了在不同季节和不同栽培方式下产品的部分品质指标的差异。试验结果表明,秋季淹水条件下产品与在春季湿润栽培下的产品相比,含水率基本相同,但在可溶性总糖、还原糖等营养物质含量,以及粗纤维等保健物质含量,包括干物质的持水率等品质指标方面存在较明显的差异。     

不同采收季节对叶用芥菜类黄酮物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

 以10个不同基因型叶用芥菜为试材, 研究了不同采收季节对其总酚含量、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明春季采收的总酚含量、抗氧化活性显著高于冬季采收的。叶用芥菜含有槲皮素和山奈素两种类黄酮化合物, 春季采收的槲皮素和山奈素含量高于冬季采收的。基因型间总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量及抗氧化活性均存在较大的差异, 并与生长季节有极显著的互作关系, 表明生长季节对不同基因型叶用芥菜酚类物质积累和抗氧化活性有较大的影响。总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量分别与抗氧化活性呈极显著和显著正相关。     

Cucumber fruit quality at harvest affected by soilless system,crop age and preharvest climatic conditions during two consecutive seasons

Cucumber fruits (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Trópico F1) grown on perlite substrate and NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) were harvested during two seasons (winter and spring) to monitor the effects of climatic conditions and hydroponic growth systems on fruit quality at harvest. The best fruit quality at harvest, as measured by lightness and hue angle parameters, was obtained during the 3 weeks following the first winter picking. When values of a parameter of preharvest climate value called G^* were lower than 0.4 MJ m⁻² °C day⁻¹ interval⁻¹, the cucumber achieved its optimum quality at harvest, as measured by the dark green color of the skin. NFT-grown fruits showed darker and greener skin color (higher hue angle and lower lightness) compared with perlite-grown fruit, irrespective of the season considered. During the winter season, the plant transpiration rate was 30% higher in perlite than in NFT culture, which correlates with higher differences in G^* and 40% additional yield in perlite. However, in spring G^* was not sensitive enough to discriminate between the two hydroponic systems. In general, fruit quality at harvest in spring was lower than during the winter, due to flesh whitening, higher longitudinal and equatorial calibers, and slightly higher pH, as well as worse epidermal color coordinates (ranging from the dark and dull green color typical of winter fruit to light and a vivid green-yellow color). During the spring season, NFT-grown fruit were less acid than perlite-grown fruit with no apparent correlation with the climatic conditions or fruit nutrition.     

樱桃番茄果实风味分析

对 8个适期成熟的樱桃番茄果实还原糖、蔗糖、可溶性糖和可滴定酸进行了分析 ,结果表明 :还原糖是樱桃番茄可溶性糖的主要组成部分 ,蔗糖含量很低 ;秋季果实可滴定酸含量远高于春季 ;土壤栽培果实可溶性糖含量高于无土栽培 ;樱桃番茄果实风味主要取决于可溶性糖和可滴定酸的绝对含量 ,与糖酸比关系不大。     

湿包类型菠萝蜜采后呼吸跃变和主要成分的变化

以湿包类型菠萝蜜‘301’株系为试材,对常温贮藏条件下果实的呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、淀粉、纤维素、果胶和可溶性总糖含量进行了研究。结果表明：湿包菠萝蜜‘301’属于典型的呼吸跃变型果实,分别于采后2 d和3 d出现乙烯高峰和呼吸高峰。果肉中的淀粉、纤维素和原果胶含量在采后前2 d迅速下降,可溶性果胶和可溶性总糖的含量分别于采后2 d和3 d达到最大值后下降。果腱中淀粉、纤维素、果胶和可溶性总糖含量变化与果肉相同,只是趋势比较平缓。在整个贮藏期间,果肉中的淀粉、可溶性总糖（除采后2 d外）含量极显著或显著高于果腱,而纤维素和可溶性果胶含量则极显著低于果腱,果肉中的原果胶和总果胶含量在采后前2 d极显著高于果腱,随后总果胶极显著低于果腱。