磷素子粒生产效率不同品种的小麦磷素吸收利用差异

盆栽试验研究了130份小麦不同生育时期的干物重、磷素含量、子粒产量等指标,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按磷素子粒生产效率从低到高依次分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ 6个类型,研究不同类型磷素吸收利用的差异。结果表明: 1）供试品种的磷素子粒生产效率差异较大（CV=1660%）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ类品种的平均磷素子粒生产效率为P 13629、15167、16916、18589、20132、24466 g/g。子粒产量随磷素子粒生产效率提高呈增加趋势（r=03203**）。2）不同生育时期,小麦植株磷浓度与吸磷量类型间差异显著或极显著。成熟期磷素子粒生产效率与植株磷浓度极显著正相关（r=06969**）,子粒产量与抽穗期、成熟期植株吸磷量显著或极显著相关（r=02966*、r=09271**）。3）不同生育时期磷素干物质生产效率的类间差异均达显著水平; 成熟期磷素干物质生产效率与磷素子粒生产效率极显著正相关 （r=07391**）。4）拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期干物重均表现出随磷素子粒生产效率增加而增加的趋势,成熟期尤为突出。拔节期成熟期磷素吸收量是影响子粒产量形成的重要因素,磷素子粒生产效率高的品种在拔节期后有较强干物质和子粒产量形成能力。     

Remobilization and utilization of phosphorus in wheat cultivars under induced phosphorus deficiency

A solution culture study was conducted to compare the phosphorus (P) remobilization efficiency of four wheat cultivars under induced P deficiency. Wheat cultivars, i.e. Sarsabz, NIA-Sunder, NIA-Amber and NIA-Saarang were initially grown on adequate P nutrition for 30 days and then exposed to P-free nutrient solution for next 15 days to study P remobilization. Completely randomized design (CRD) with ten replicates per cultivar was employed. Cultivars varied for biomass production, P concentration, P uptake, and P utilization efficiency at both harvests. Overall, more than 75% of absorbed P was mobilized from older leaves to younger leaves as well as roots of all cultivars during P-omission period. However, cultivars could not produce significant variations (P < 0.05) in P remobilization, which implied that P remobilization was only a stress response to P deficiency in wheat cultivars and it could not be related to P utilization efficiency of these cultivars.     

旱地高产小麦品种籽粒氮含量差异与氮磷钾吸收利用的关系

【目的】 调查高产小麦品种籽粒氮含量差异,探讨引起籽粒氮含量差异的主要农学和营养学因素,对于品种选育和优化养分管理,提高旱地小麦产量与营养品质有重要意义。 【方法】 于2013—2016年,以我国不同麦区的123个小麦品种为供试材料,在陕西渭北旱塬连续三年开展田间试验。设置施肥 (N 150 kg/hm2、P₂O₅ 100 kg/hm2) 和不施肥对照两个处理,收获后测产。在产量高于平均值的品种中,籽粒含氮量列前10名的定义为高氮品种,后10名的为低氮品种。分析了高产小麦品种植株和籽粒氮、磷、钾含量,干物质累积,产量构成及氮磷钾吸收利用的关系。 【结果】 小麦籽粒含氮量与产量呈极显著负相关,高产品种平均产量为6.9 t/hm2,籽粒产量每增加1000 kg/hm2,含氮量平均降低1.1 g/kg。高产品种间籽粒氮含量差异显著,高氮品种的籽粒含氮量平均分别为24.2 g/kg,低氮品种平均为19.4 g/kg,相差24.7%。两组品种的产量、生物量和产量构成因素差异均不显著,高氮品种的产量、生物量、收获指数、穗数和穗粒数对氮肥响应更敏感,施肥后分别显著增加70.0%、60.2%、9.8%、51.6%和14.3%,高氮品种营养器官含氮量较高,施肥后可显著增加150.0%;高、低氮品种籽粒的磷钾含量无显著差异,施肥后钾含量增加幅度均大于磷含量增加。高氮品种施肥后地上部氮、磷吸收量高于低氮品种,籽粒积累量增加幅度高于营养器官;籽粒钾吸收量无论施肥与否均显著低于低氮品种。施肥后,高氮品种地上部氮磷钾吸收量增幅高于低氮品种,营养器官的增幅高于籽粒。两类品种的氮磷收获指数无显著差异,但高氮品种的钾收获指数三年平均显著低于低氮品种。 【结论】 旱地土壤养分供应充足条件下,高产小麦高、低籽粒氮品种的产量、穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均无显著差异,但高籽粒氮品种对施肥响应更敏感。高产小麦品种间籽粒氮含量存在显著差异,高氮品种的籽粒含磷量高,含钾量低。施肥后,高氮品种的籽粒氮含量提高,磷、钾含量降低。高氮品种具有较高的地上部氮磷钾吸收量,但其向籽粒的转移能力并无优势。因此,在高产优质品种选育中,应进一步提升品种的氮磷钾收获指数,促进养分向籽粒分配,同时生产中需优化肥料投入,促进籽粒氮磷钾吸收与利用,实现产量和籽粒氮磷钾含量同步提高。      

旱地高产小麦品种籽粒含磷量差异与氮磷钾吸收利用的关系

【目的】研究旱地高产小麦品种籽粒含磷量差异,明确籽粒含磷量与农艺性状、营养品质的关系,以期为旱地小麦科学施肥与高产优质品种选育提供理论依据。 【方法】设置施肥 (N 150 kg/hm2、P₂O₅ 100 kg/hm2) 与不施肥两个处理,以123个小麦品种为试验材料,于2013—2016年在渭北旱塬连续三年进行田间试验,研究旱地高产小麦品种籽粒含磷量差异与生物量累积、产量构成及氮磷钾吸收利用的关系。 【结果】小麦籽粒产量每增加1000 kg/hm2,籽粒含磷量降低0.28 g/kg,两者呈显著负相关。高产品种的产量平均为6.9 t/hm2,品种间籽粒含磷量差异显著,介于2.5～3.7 g/kg,变幅为51.1%。高磷组和低磷组产量及构成要素差异均不显著,高磷组品种的籽粒含氮量显著高于低磷组,含钾量与低磷组无显著差异;高磷组的籽粒与营养器官氮磷吸收量均高于低磷组,向籽粒转移氮、磷的能力无显著差异,转移钾的能力却低于低磷组品种。施肥后,两组品种籽粒与营养器官氮、磷、钾吸收量均增加,高磷组品种的增幅高于低磷组;氮磷钾向籽粒转移的能力均降低,高磷组品种转移钾的能力降幅更大。 【结论】高产小麦品种中,高磷品种的籽粒含氮量与氮吸收量也更高,对施肥的响应也更显著。施肥后,高磷组的生物量与营养器官氮磷钾吸收量增幅均高于低磷组的,而养分收获指数降幅更大。因此,在选育高产小麦时,应选择籽粒含磷量适中的品种并提高养分收获指数。在小麦生产中,也要依据籽粒含磷量的高低,调整施肥方案,同步提高籽粒含氮量,实现旱地小麦高产优质。     

不同品种冬小麦磷效率性状与农学性状关系的研究

通过两年的田间试验,对冬小麦农学性状和磷效率性状之间的关系进行了研究。结果发现,植株较高或抽穗期推迟较多的品种中磷效率性状好的品种较多;产量构型中更多地依靠单一产量因素获得产量的品种对低磷敏感。研究还发现,在缺磷严重的条件下(OlsenP=2.4mg.kg)扬花期的生物量、光合叶面积和穗粒数与冬小麦的磷效率相关性较好;在缺磷较轻的条件下(OlsenP=6.6mg.kg)成穗数与冬小麦的磷效率相关性较好。这些性状有可能作为筛选磷高效材料的辅助选择指标。     

旱地高产小麦品种籽粒锌含量差异与氮磷钾吸收利用的关系

【目的】明确旱地条件下高产小麦品种籽粒锌含量差异与氮磷钾吸收利用的关系,为品种选育和科学施肥提供依据。【方法】于2013—2016年连续三年在黄土高原旱地进行田间试验,试验采用裂区设计,主处理为不施肥(CK)和施肥(NP),副处理为来自我国主要麦区的123个品种。施肥处理为N 150 kg/hm^2 (尿素,含N46%)、P_2O_5 100 kg/hm^2 (过磷酸钙,含P_2O_5 16%)。成熟期在每个品种中间2行随机抽取30穗小麦,连根拔起后,从根茎结合处剪断弃去根系,分为茎、叶、颖壳(含穗轴)和籽粒,称风干重。分析了样品中氮、磷、钾、锌含量,计算了养分的吸收量及转移量。【结果】施肥条件下高产小麦品种籽粒锌含量存在显著差异,高锌品种比低锌品种显著高54%。高锌品种的籽粒氮、磷含量分别比低锌品种显著高9%、7%,钾含量无显著差异,施肥使两组品种的氮含量显著提高,磷钾含量降低。高产高锌品种具有更高的籽粒和地上部氮、磷吸收能力,钾吸收能力与低锌品种相比无显著差异,施肥可使高锌品种的氮磷钾吸收量增幅高于低锌品种;两组品种间的氮、磷转移能力无显著差异,而高锌品种的钾转移能力较低,且两组品种的氮磷钾转移能力因施肥降低幅度一致。【结论】旱地条件下土壤养分供应充足时,高产高锌小麦品种的氮磷吸收能力强,钾转移能力弱,籽粒氮磷含量高,与低锌品种相比钾含量无显著差异。通过品种选育可同时提高旱地高产小麦籽粒锌和蛋白质含量,并提高磷含量。考虑到磷含量高时会降低籽粒锌的生物有效性,生产中通过施肥措施,适当调控磷肥,增加氮肥,在提高小麦籽粒氮锌含量的同时提高籽粒锌的生物有效性。     

江淮历代冬小麦主栽品种生产力与氮肥效率的比较

于2007～2009年在江苏省丹阳市,以江淮地区20世纪50年代至今冬小麦代表性主栽品种为材料,设置两个氮肥水平,研究该区冬小麦生产力与氮肥效率的变化特征.结果显示,冬小麦生物学产量随年代变迁呈现递减趋势,低氮水平下1980年之前品种的生物量显著高于1980年之后的品种.冬小麦籽粒产量呈现递增趋势,高氮水平下1980年之前品种的籽粒产量明显低于1980年之后的品种.1980年之前品种的生产力对氮肥的响应不明显,而1980年之后品种的生产力则随施氮量增加而明显提高.1980～1990s品种与2000s品种之间的生物量与籽粒产量差异均不显著.低氮水平下,不同年代品种间的茎叶氮含量、籽粒氮含量、地上植株氮积累量、籽粒氮积累量和氮偏生产力无明显变化趋势;高氮水平下,上述各氮指标均随年代变迁而呈现递增趋势,尤其是植株氮积累总量和氮偏生产力显著提高.1980～1990s品种的各氮指标与2000 s品种的相应指标之间无明显变化趋势.冬小麦品种的演变过程是遗传改良与氮肥施用增加的互促过程,现代品种在高氮水平下呈现出增产优势.     

Organic phosphorus utilization by wheat plants under sterile conditions

An experiment was set up to make a critical assessment of the role of organic P (Po) in soil solution in the nutrition of wheat plants under sterile conditions. Three concentration gradients of Po (17.08, 27.31 and 37.61 M l^-1) were created in a sterilized Oxisol by fertilization with a soil solution prepared by a dry freezing technique and containing antibiotics to minimize microbial growth. Due to the high P fixing capacity of the Oxisol and high buffering capacity of inorganic P (Pi), as compared to Po, a negligible change in Pi concentration occurred, due to fertilization after equilibrium in soil solution. Phosphorus supply had a positive effect on dry matter and P concentration of the plants. Acid phosphatase secretion by plant roots was 5–11 times higher in Po treatments than in the respective Pi treatments. No alkaline phosphatase activity was detected, confirming the absence of microbial activity in our system. Net P inflow into plants was significantly higher in the Pi + Po treatments at all three Po concentrations than in the respective Pi (control) treatment, providing evidence for the role of Po in the P nutrition of plants. It was hypothesized that plants secrete phosphatases in response to the presence of Po in soil solution and Po might be responsible for the increase in P influx to wheat plants.     

Differential accumulation patterns of phosphorus and potassium by canola cultivars compared to wheat

The phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) accumulation patterns of canola (Brassica napus L.) are poorly understood, although such information is essential for determining optimal P‐ and K‐fertilizer strategies. This study investigated the patterns of P and K uptake and distribution among plant organs of three early or midmaturing canola cultivars (Tribune, Trigold, and Boomer) differing in K efficiency compared to wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Nyabing). Plants were grown in a glasshouse with nonlimiting P and K supply and harvested at eight growth stages until maturity. Maximum P accumulation by all canola cultivars occurred during late flowering (GS 5,5; 84 d after sowing), whereas P accumulation in wheat plants peaked just prior to anthesis (Z59; 73 d after sowing). Maximum accumulation of K in canola cultivars Tribune and Trigold occurred 73 d after sowing (GS 4,8), but peaked earlier (61 d after sowing) in Boomer canola (GS 4,2) and Nyabing wheat (Z55). The results highlight the importance of early P and K supply to both species; however, the extended uptake of P and K by the canola cultivars Trigold and Tribune compared to wheat suggests that availability of soil P or K postflowering may be of more importance to canola than to wheat.     

The relationship between phosphorus and copper concentrations in wheat

Abstract

Poorly managed kaolinitic soils are often too low in P and K for optimum agronomic crop production. Even though many of these soils have relatively high phosphate fixing capacities, P applied at sufficient rates to increase soil P to acceptable levels may induce micronutrient deficiencies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of applied and residual P on Mn, Zn, and Cu uptake by field grown wheat (Triticum aestivum). Treatments were a one‐time application of P (0, 64, 128, 256, and 384 kg/ha P) and K (0, 110, 220, 440, and 660 kg/ha K) rates arranged in a 5×5 complete factorial. The treatments were applied in October, 1977 and the study was continued through June, 1979. Potassium and P × K interactions did not have a significant effect on Mn, Zn, or Cu uptake. Phosphorus did not affect Mn concentration in the wheat tissue but Zn and Cu concentrations generally decreased as applied and residual soil P levels increased. The tissue Zn concentration at the various plant growth stages did not decrease below defined critical levels. The Cu concentration decreased linearly with applied P and curvilinearly with residual P. The tissue Cu levels often decreased below suggested critical levels. Total Cu in the wheat tissue indicated that the decrease in Cu concentration as P levels increased was not a simple dilution effect resulting from increased plant growth as applied and residual soil P increased.     

不同产量水平旱地冬小麦品种的氮磷利用差异分析

以9个旱地冬小麦品种为材料,通过田间试验研究不同产量水平旱地冬小麦品种氮、磷效率的差异。结果表明,不同冬小麦品种的籽粒和地上部吸氮量、吸磷量、氮磷收获指数、氮磷效率均存在明显差异。随养分投入水平的提高,不同产量水平品种的籽粒和地上部吸氮量、吸磷量均提高,高产品种随养分投入增加而提高的敏感程度高于中产和低产品种。氮磷收获指数随养分投入水平的提高没有明显的变化规律。低养分投入水平下,高产品种的氮肥回收率和偏生产力分别较低产品种高222%和49%;磷肥回收率和偏生产力分别较低产品种高766% 和49%,高投入降低了各产量水平品种的偏生产力。     

新疆冬小麦品种苗期磷效率差异研究

通过室内盆栽试验,研究了 32个新疆冬小麦品种在苗期低磷和高磷水平下干物质重、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、氮累积量和磷累积量的差异,以筛选出磷高效利用品种。结果表明:低磷和高磷处理,小麦叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、干物质重及氮磷累积量在各品种之间差异显著。聚类分析可以看出,施磷后新冬 4号和新冬 53号磷累积量增幅最大,对磷的响应比较敏感,为高磷高效品种;新冬 5号在低磷条件下磷累积量最大,为低磷高效品种,且新冬 5号叶绿素含量受磷的影响最敏感;在高磷条件下,新冬 9号、新冬 18号、新冬 19号、新冬 28号、新冬 33号、新冬 35号、新冬 49号和新冬 52号品种具有较高的磷累积量,为高磷较高效品种;高磷及低磷处理条件下,新冬 6号、新冬 12号、新冬 20号、新冬 23号、新冬 24号、新冬 26号品种磷累积量均最低,为磷低效品种。     

Root architectural responses of wheat cultivars to localised phosphorus application are phenotypically similar

Differences in nutrient recovery from fertiliser bands may improve cereal variety selection. The objective of this study was to identify the variation in root plasticity across commonly grown Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in response to a phosphorus (P)‐enriched band. Ten wheat cultivars were screened for root proliferation within a 150 mg P kg⁻¹ band in P‐responsive soil. Plants were destructively harvested at the four‐leaf phenological stage and various growth parameters, including root length density (RLD), were measured on banded and uniformly adequate P treatments. All wheat cultivars increased RLD between three and nine times in the P band. However, there was no significant difference in root plasticity among the cultivars tested. Although all cultivars produced longer, though ≈ 9% thinner roots when responding to the P band, the phenotypic response was unable to compensate fully for the lower P status encountered in the soil. Despite 23% longer root lengths in the P‐band treatments, P uptake per unit root length was 78% lower than in uniformly adequate P treatments. Our results indicate that root plasticity of wheat cultivars in a P‐enriched band was phenotypically similar. Further research is necessary before selecting for wheat cultivars that respond to localised nutrient patches with increased RLD.     

Microbial biomass phosphorus and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity in the rhizosphere of different wheat cultivars as influenced by inorganic phosphorus and farmyard manure

Wheat cultivars C 306, PBW 175, HD 1553, and HD 2329 were grown in an alkaline soil with and without inorganic P fertilizer and/or farmyard manure in a pot culture experiment. Microbial biomass P (MBP) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (APM) activities were studied in rhizosphere soils of the above wheat cultivars at different physiological stages. Root weight and P uptake were also estimated simultaneously. Higher microbial biomass P was observed at crown root initiation (CRI) stage while APM activities were higher at panicle initiation (PI) stage. The HD cultivars showed higher MBP and APM activities at PI stage, while at CRI stage, the reverse was true. Though the application of inorganic P apparently showed higher APM activity, the ratio of APM activity and microbial biomass P (APM to MBP) decreased in the presence of inorganic fertilizer P. Inorganic P compared to FYM was the more dominant factor in reducing the APM to MBP ratio. Root weight did not correlate with grain yield. From step-wise regression analysis, it was revealed that microbial biomass P at both CRI and PI stages was a significant factor in influencing the P uptake in relation to grain yield of wheat.     

秸秆还田配施磷肥对旱地小麦籽粒灌浆特性及 磷素吸收利用的影响

探讨秸秆还田后不同施磷量对旱地小麦籽粒灌浆特性及磷素吸收利用的影响,以期为科学施用磷肥助力 旱地小麦高产提供理论依据。试验选用小麦品种‘洛旱 22’为材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为玉米秸秆还田处 理,分别为秸秆不还田(S0)、秸秆全量还田(S1),副区为施磷量处理,分别为 0 kg/hm²(P0)、75 kg/hm²(P1)、 112.5 kg/hm²(P2)、150 kg/hm²(P3)、187.5 kg/hm²(P4),分析了不同处理的小麦籽粒灌浆特性、干物质积累转 运、磷素吸收利用率及产量形成的差异。结果表明:(1)花后干物质和磷对籽粒的贡献率在秸秆还田下差异显著, 而在不同施磷量下表现不显著。秸秆还田和增施磷量均能提高小麦各器官干物质和磷积累量、花后干物质和磷同 化量,增加小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,从而提高小麦产量,除千粒重外,以上各指标均随施磷水平的提高呈 先升高后下降的趋势,在 P3 处理达到最大值;P3 处理的小麦穗数、穗粒数和产量在 S1 处理下分别比 P0 提高了 23.14%、9.81% 和 26.87%,在 S0 处理下分别比 P0 提高了 20.82%、14.11% 和 26.48%。S1 处理小麦产量、穗数 在 P3 水平下较 S0 处理分别提高了 3.78%、4.74%;两者互作对小麦产量有显著影响,在 S1P3 处理达到最大,为 6928.66 kg/hm²。(2)通过 logistic 灌浆方程得,小麦籽粒最大灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率出现的时间、灌浆速率达到 最大时的籽粒生长量、灌浆持续时间、平均灌浆速率、灌浆渐增期持续时间以及快增期持续时间均是 S1 处理优于 S0 处理,且随施磷水平的提高呈先升高后下降的趋势,在 P3 处理达到最大值,秸秆还田与施磷均能提高籽粒最 大灌浆速率、达到最大灌浆速率的时间以及平均灌浆速率,延长籽粒灌浆期,其中 S1P3 处理更有利于冬小麦籽 粒灌浆进程的优化,进而提高千粒重。(3)秸秆还田处理促进了磷的吸收利用,磷肥农学效率、磷肥偏生产力及 磷肥吸收利用率平均分别提高了 1.26 kg/kg、2.7 kg/kg 及 1.74%;随着施磷量的增加,磷吸收利用效率下降;两者 互作有显著影响。综上所述,秸秆还田配施 150 kg/hm² 磷肥(S1P3)可在保证小麦正常生长和产量的同时,实现 磷素高效利用。     

增效磷肥对冬小麦产量和磷素利用率的影响

在实验室条件下分别制备了含腐植酸、 海藻酸和谷氨酸3种增效剂的增效磷肥,运用土柱栽培试验研究等磷（设置低、 高2个施磷水平）投入条件下不同增效剂添加量的增效磷肥对小麦产量和磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明, 1）低磷水平下,增效磷肥处理小麦子粒产量比普通磷酸一铵提高9.74%~33.54%,高磷水平下,含腐植酸增效磷肥和含海藻酸增效磷肥处理小麦子粒产量分别比普通磷酸一铵增加26.81%和30.65%。低磷和高磷水平下,不同增效磷肥处理小麦子粒产量均随增效剂添加量的增加而提高。2）低磷和高磷水平下,增效磷肥处理小麦子粒含磷量与普通磷酸一铵处理差异不显著。3）低磷水平下,增效磷肥处理小麦吸磷总量比普通磷酸一铵增加14.81%~42.59%,磷肥的表观利用率平均提高了8.71~26.21个百分点;高磷水平下,腐植酸增效磷肥和海藻酸增效磷肥处理小麦吸磷总量分别比普通磷酸一铵增加18.18% 和 32.73%,磷肥的表观利用率平均提高了6.13 和10.19个百分点。     

Phosphorus acquisition and wheat growth are influenced by shoot phosphorus status and soil phosphorus distribution in a split‐root system

Root proliferation and greater uptake per unit of root in the nutrient‐rich zones are often considered to be compensatory responses. This study aimed to examine the influence of plant phosphorus (P) status and P distribution in the root zone on root P acquisition and root and shoot growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a split‐root soil culture. One compartment (A) was supplied with either 4 or 14 mg P (kg soil)^–1, whereas the adjoining compartment (B) had 4 mg P kg^–1 with a vertical high‐P strip (44 mg kg^–1) at 90–110 mm from the plant. Three weeks after growing in the split‐root system, plants with 4 mg P kg^–1 (low‐P plants) started to show stimulatory root growth in the high‐P strip. Two weeks later, root dry weight and length density in the high‐P strip were significantly greater for the low‐P plants than for the plants with 14 mg P (kg soil)^–1. However, after 8 weeks of growth in the split‐root system, the two P treatments of compartment A had similar root growth in the high‐P strip of compartment B. The study also showed that shoot P concentrations in the low‐P plants were 0.6–0.8 mg g^–1 compared with 1.7–1.9 mg g^–1 in the 14 mg P kg^–1 plants after 3 and 5 weeks of growth, but were similar (1.1–1.4 mg g^–1) between the two plants by week 8. The low‐P plants had lower root P concentration in both compartments than those with 14 mg P kg^–1 throughout the three harvests. The findings may indicate that root proliferation and P acquisition under heterogeneous conditions are influenced by shoot P status (internal) and soil P distribution (external). There were no differences in the total root and shoot dry weight between the two P treatments at weeks 3 and 5 because enhanced root growth and P uptake in the high‐P strip by the low‐P plants were compensated by reduced root growth elsewhere. In contrast, total plant growth and total root and shoot P contents were greater in the 14 mg P kg^–1 soil than in the low‐P soil at week 8. The two P treatments did not affect the ratio of root to shoot dry weight with time. The results suggest that root proliferation and greater P uptake in the P‐enriched zone may meet the demand for P by P‐deficient plants only for a limited period of time.     

磷钾肥施用量和方法对弱筋小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及养分吸收利用的影响

【目的】研究不同磷、钾肥施用量和施用方法对稻茬小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和氮、磷、钾素吸收与利用的影响,为稻茬小麦增产增效提供参考。【方法】2020—2021年在江苏仪征市进行小麦田间试验,种植制度为稻麦轮作,供试小麦品种为弱筋型‘宁麦33’,该地块稻麦秸秆长期全部还田。试验采用裂区设计,主区为磷肥,分别设置3个一次基施磷(P) 0、72和144 kg/hm²处理(分别为P0、P1、P2)和1个基施与拔节期追施磷(P)各72 kg/hm²处理(P3);钾为副区,设置3个一次基施钾(K) 0、72和144 kg/hm²处理(K0、K1、K2)和1个基施与拔节期施钾(K)各72 kg/hm²处理(K3)。小麦收获后,调查生物量与籽粒产量,分析植株和籽粒中氮磷钾含量和籽粒蛋白质含量。【结果】施磷、钾肥对植株氮、磷、钾养分积累量、养分利用效率、籽粒产量和蛋白质含量有显著效应和交互效应,适量的磷、钾肥(72 kg/hm²)配施有助于量质效协同提升,而过量施用(144kg/hm^2<...