干旱胁迫对高粱苗期物质生产及生理特性的影响

试验于2013-2014年以高粱杂交种辽杂10、辽杂11和迁杂35为试材,对正常供水和干旱胁迫条件下的株高、叶面积、相对含水量、光合参数、地上部干重和保护性酶活性进行了比较与分析。结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下,高粱幼苗的出苗会有所延缓,叶片和根系的相对含水量均下降,叶片下降幅度大于根系;干旱胁迫导致净光合速率(Pn)下降,地上部物质积累减少,气孔导度(Gs)减小是Pn下降的主要原因;在干旱胁迫下,根系和叶片的过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)含量均显著高于正常供水处理,并且随着胁迫天数的增加呈抛物线状变化,在胁迫12d达到峰值。     

缺磷胁迫对黑籽南瓜幼苗根系生长和根系分泌物的影响

采用营养液培养方法,以1/2单位日本园试配方为基本营养液,在温室内培养黑籽南瓜(Cucurbita ficifolia B.)幼苗,测定正常供磷处理和缺磷胁迫下黑籽南瓜幼苗在根系生长、根系形态和根系分泌物等方面的差异,以期为南瓜磷高效种质创新和耐低磷机制研究提供理论依据.结果表明,缺磷胁迫后21 d,黑籽南瓜幼苗地上部生物量显著降低,根系生物量与正常供磷处理相比没有明显差异,根冠比增大;总根长和根表面积显著增加,根数、根横径和根体积与正常供磷处理相比没有明显的差异;根系吸磷量和磷转运率下降,根系吸磷量占总吸磷量的百分数增加,根系磷利用效率显著增高.总根长和根表面积增加可能与其磷吸收效率密切相关,是黑籽南瓜幼苗对缺磷胁迫的适应性变化.与正常供磷处理相比,缺磷胁迫后21 d,黑籽南瓜幼苗根系分泌的化合物种类组成类似,主要由酚类、芳香烃类、酯类、胺类、烯烃类和烷烃类化合物组成.但缺磷胁迫后根系分泌物中的化学成分多于正常供磷处理,邻苯二甲酸二(1丁基2异丁基)酯等8种化合物是缺磷胁迫下黑籽南瓜根系分泌物的特有成分.缺磷胁迫后黑籽南瓜的自毒作用增强.     

Cd2+胁迫对番茄幼苗抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环代谢的影响

通过温室水培试验,研究0．05mmol／L Cd^2 胁迫及解除Cd^2 胁迫对番茄幼苗根系和叶片中抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA—GSH)循环代谢的动态影响。结果表明,胁迫条件下,番茄根系和叶片中脂质过氧化产物-丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,细胞膜受损伤;抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)活性在胁迫1,3d上升,随后下降,而谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性在胁迫1d时下降,随后上升;抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量上升,且根系上升幅度大于叶片;解除胁迫后,叶片中MDA含量随时间延长逐渐减少,接近对照,而根系中MDA含量持续上升。APX、GR活性和AsA、GSH含量都能够渐渐恢复,但仍高于对照,根系中GSH含量持续维持较高水平,叶片和根系各参数的恢复程度有差异．     

模拟干旱对不同耐性玉米自交系幼苗根系和水分利用效率的影响

以耐旱玉米自交系昌7-2(T)和旱敏感玉米自交系Mo17(S)为试验材料,利用4个水平PEG-6000浓度处理,研究苗期干旱对不同耐性玉米自交系根系形态特性和叶片水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:PEG-6000胁迫下,玉米自交系的根总长、根系表面积、根系体积与根系吸水能力均减小,Mo17的变化幅度大于昌7-2;植株水分利用效率增加,Mo17增加幅度小于昌7-2。与旱敏感玉米自交系相比,耐旱玉米自交系在干旱胁迫下仍能保持较正常的根系形态、较高的吸水能力和水分利用效率。     

1,2,4-三氯苯胁迫对水稻分蘖盛期植株生长和生理特性的影响

在土培条件下,以对1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)敏感性显著差异的宁粳1号(敏感)和扬辐粳8号(耐性)为对象,研究了不同浓度1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)胁迫对两种水稻分蘖盛期生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,不同浓度TCB胁迫下,敏感基因型宁粳1号最长根长、株高、单穴分蘖数、地上部和地下部干物重随胁迫程度加深均显著递减; 耐性基因型扬辐粳8号在低浓度(20 mg kg^-1) TCB胁迫下,最长根长、地上部和地下部干物重极显著增加,当中高浓度(40 mg kg^-1、60 mg kg^-1) TCB胁迫时,最长根长、株高、单穴分蘖数、地上部和地下部干物重显著下降。不同浓度TCB胁迫下,敏感基因型宁粳1号根系活力、叶绿素含量、叶片和根系可溶性蛋白质含量相对较低,叶片和根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性明显降低,O₂^?产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增高; 耐性基因型扬辐粳8号在低浓度(20 mg kg^-1) TCB胁迫下,根系活力、叶片和根系的可溶性蛋白含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性极显著增加,O₂^?产生速率和MDA含量极显著降低,当中等浓度(40 mg kg^-1) TCB胁迫时,SOD、POD、CAT活性虽然增强,但O₂^?产生速率显著增加,MDA大量积累,当高浓度(60 mg kg^-1) TCB胁迫时,其根系活力、叶绿素含量极显著降低,根系中SOD、CAT活性显著降低,O₂^?产生速率和MDA含量显著增加。总之,低浓度TCB胁迫下,长势良好、叶片和根系可溶性蛋白质含量高、抗氧化系统清除活性氧能力强、膜脂过氧化程度低是耐性基因型扬辐粳8号区别于敏感型宁粳1号的主要特征。     

抗旱型玉米苗期根系形态性状的遗传分析

为了进一步揭示玉米苗期根系性状的遗传特性,用来改良材料的抗旱性,本研究以旱敏型材料‘WN897’、抗旱型材料‘Wu109’及二者通过杂交和回交获得的F1、B1、B2和F2为材料,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法分析干旱胁迫与正常条件下主根长、侧根数、根冠比和根鲜重的遗传特性。结果表明,在干旱胁迫与正常条件下,侧根数的遗传率均高,而主根长、根冠比及根鲜重的遗传率均较低,根冠比的遗传率在干旱胁迫下明显低于正常条件,根鲜重的遗传率在干旱胁迫下明显高于正常条件。因此,侧根数可以通过单交的方法进行改良,在低世代材料中就可进行有效选择,主根长可以通过复交或多代轮交进行改良;而对于根冠比和根鲜重,鉴于二者均在B2群体中有着较高的遗传率,可以通过多代回交的方法对这两个性状进行改良,在回交后代中进行有效选择。     

植物生长调节剂S_(3307)对苗期淹水胁迫下大豆生理特性和显微结构的影响

为探究苗期(V1期)淹水胁迫对大豆生理特性和显微结构的影响及烯效唑(S_(3307))的缓解效应,以‘垦丰14’为材料,于V1期进行叶面喷施S_(3307),并于喷药后5d进行淹水处理,对淹水胁迫下大豆叶片和根系生理特性、下胚轴显微结构及S_(3307)的调控效应进行了测定和分析。结果表明,淹水胁迫会增加大豆下胚轴通气组织数量,随淹水胁迫时间延长,通气组织面积逐渐增大;S_(3307)能提高大豆对淹水逆境的适应性,增加通气组织数量和通气组织的面积,以应对淹水胁迫对植株造成的缺氧胁迫。与对照(CK)相比,淹水胁迫会增加叶片和根系中活性氧(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并随胁迫时间延长而逐渐升高。在淹水胁迫前期会诱导酶促抗氧化防御系统活性的增强,引起渗透调节物质含量的增加,随胁迫时间延长,抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量均呈下降趋势。S_(3307)可促进叶片和根系中抗氧化酶活性的提高,抑制ROS和MDA含量的过量积累,并始终维持较高的渗透调节物质含量,减缓淹水胁迫造成的损伤。     

锌肥对干旱胁迫下冬小麦根系生长发育及产量的影响

为探究锌肥在干旱胁迫下对冬小麦根系生长发育及产量的影响,以洛旱6号小麦为供试材料,采用盆栽控水的方法模拟干旱胁迫,设置T1(正常灌溉+0 mg/kg锌)、T2(正常灌溉+1 mg/kg锌)、T3(干旱胁迫+0 mg/kg锌)、T4(干旱胁迫+1 mg/kg锌)4个处理,研究了锌肥对干旱胁迫下小麦根系形态结构、生理活性及单株产量的影响。结果表明,与T1处理相比,T3处理总体上小麦总根长、根平均直径、根总表面积和根总体积显著降低,根毛密度和根毛直径显著减少,而根毛长度差异未达显著水平。根毛结构因干旱胁迫受损,细胞壁变薄,未见细胞核,大部分细胞器解体,内含物消失,根毛衰亡。根系锌含量、生长素含量及根系活力下降,最终表现为单株产量显著降低。与T3处理相比,总体上T4处理的根系总长、根平均直径、根总表面积和根总体积显著增加,根毛密度和直径明显增大,根毛结构完整,细胞核清晰可见,内含物充实,根毛生长良好。根系锌含量、生长素含量和根系活力显著上升。研究还发现,与T3处理相比,T4处理下小麦单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和单株产量分别增加了6.25%,8.01%,6.87%和50.00%。综合分析可知,在豫西旱地生态条件下,增施锌肥能增强小麦根系在干旱胁迫下的稳定性,改善小麦根系发育状况。因此,增施锌肥对缓解干旱胁迫下小麦减产有重要作用。     

不同基因型水稻苗期对1，2，4-三氯苯胁迫的生理响应

利用沙培试验,研究了6种浓度(0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 mmol kg^-1沙)的1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)对两水稻品种香粳20-18(耐性基因型)和泗阳1382(敏感基因型)种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗生物量以及叶片和根系的蛋白质含量、丙二醛含量(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明,TCB胁迫下,水稻种子发芽率和发芽指数变化不明显,幼苗的生物量显著下降,香粳20-18下降幅度比泗阳1382小;随TCB胁迫程度的增强,香粳20-18叶片和根系可溶性蛋白质含量呈增加的趋势,泗阳1382叶片蛋白质含量显著下降,高浓度TCB胁迫下其根系蛋白质含量显著下降;两个基因型叶片的O₂^?产生速率先降后升,香粳20-18根系的O₂^?产生速率先降后升,高浓度TCB胁迫下显著高于对照,而泗阳1382与对照差异不显著;香粳20-18叶片SOD活性随TCB胁迫程度的增强呈上升趋势,低浓度TCB胁迫下就开始显著高于对照,根系SOD活性显著增强,而泗阳1382叶片和根系SOD活性与对照差异不显著;香粳20-18叶片POD活性先升后降,根系POD活性显著高于对照,而泗阳1382叶片和根系POD活性均显著下降;香粳20-18叶片CAT活性高于或显著高于对照,泗阳1382低于或显著低于对照;两个基因型叶片的MDA含量先降后升,高浓度TCB胁迫下MDA含量显著高于对照,根系MDA含量均随TCB胁迫程度的增强而显著增加。总之,生物量降低幅度小、叶片和根系的蛋白质含量高、抗氧化酶系统清除活性氧的能力强、MDA含量低是耐性基因型的主要生理特征。     

盐碱胁迫对海岛棉种子萌发及幼苗根系生长的影响

为明确海岛棉种子萌发及幼苗根系对盐胁迫的响应,并筛选出耐盐能力较高的海岛棉品种。以新疆阿克苏地区主推海岛棉品种新海31号、新海35号、新海43号和新海48号为试材,采用NaCl、Na2SO4以及NaCl、NaHCO3以物质的量1∶1混合分别模拟中性盐混合盐(中性盐)和碱性盐混合盐(碱性盐)两种盐类型,胁迫处理总盐浓度(Na+)为0、120、180、240、300、360 mmol L~(–1),研究了盐胁迫下海岛棉种子萌发和幼苗根系生长参数。结果表明,在两种盐类型下,随着盐浓度的增加,海岛棉种子的萌发参数、生物量、根冠比、盐敏感指数、盐耐受指数、根系长度、根系表面积及根系体积均呈下降趋势;高盐浓度下,海岛棉株高、根系生物量及茎叶生物量与盐浓度呈显著负相关,说明高盐环境抑制了棉种发芽及幼苗的正常生长。120 mmol L~(–1)浓度下,中性盐处理的新海48号的根系总长度比对照无显著增加,其余品种均有显著增加,各品种根系总体积与总表面积均无显著差异,低盐促进了各品种细根(d≤0.5 mm)的伸长及生长,新海43号的中根(0.5d≤2.0 mm)长度比CK增加显著,导致此品种根系的总体积与总表面积有显著增加;碱性盐处理的根系总长度、表面积及体积除新海31号与对照差异不显著外,其余品种均有显著降低。180～240mmolL~(–1)浓度下,中性盐处理的根系总长度、表面积及体积与对照相比除新海43号有显著下降外,各品种均差异不显著;碱性盐处理的各品种均是下降显著,其中新海35号的根系总长度下降幅度比其余品种缓慢。300～360mmolL~(–1)浓度下,两种盐处理的各品种的根系总长度、体积与表面积均急剧下降。碱性盐胁迫比中性盐胁迫下降的趋势更为显著。本试验条件下,海岛棉幼苗正常生长所能承受的盐浓度为240 mmol L~(–1),但碱性盐对于海岛棉幼苗的伤害远大于中性盐,供试品种耐盐碱程度为新海35号新海43号新海31号新海48号。     

提高密度对根冠发育及其产量的影响研究

试验于2009-2010年在吉林省中国农科院公主岭试验站进行。以耐密玉米品种郑单958(ZD)和先玉335(XY)为材料,采用2种密度(52 500株/hm2(LD)和82 500株/hm2(HD))研究了不同处理单株和群体形态和生理指标的变化动态,通过田间根系挖掘的方法研究了根系性状在不同土层的分布状况和根冠比例关系。结果表明,随着密度增高单株性状变劣而群体质量提高,群体的叶面积和干物量显著增加。与低密度相比,高密度下根系分布呈现"横向紧缩、纵向扩展"的趋势。高密度下根长密度(RLD)显著增加,对各土层的水肥资源利用能力增强。根冠比是品种的特征性状,在同一时期不随密度改变而改变,不同品种有其适合的密度,先玉335的耐密性优于郑单958。根据研究结果,将东北春玉米从目前的52 500株/hm2提高到82 500株/hm2是可行的。研究阐明了高密度下高产玉米的生理基础,并对高产玉米栽培具有重要意义。     

Including root architecture in a crop model improves predictions of spring wheat grain yield and above‐ground biomass under water limitations

Although the root length density (RLD) of crops depends on their root system architecture (RSA), the root growth modules of many 1D field crop models often ignored the RSA in the simulation of the RLD. In this study, two model set‐up scenarios were used to simulate the RLD, above‐ground biomass (AGB) and grain yield (GY) of water‐stressed spring wheat in Germany, aiming to investigate the impact of improved RLD on AGB and GY predictions. In scenario 1, SlimRoot, a root growth sub‐model that does not consider the RSA of the crop, was coupled to a Lintul5‐SlimNitrogen‐SoilCN‐Hillflow1D crop model combination. In scenario 2, SlimRoot was replaced with the Somma sub‐model which considered the RSA for simulating RLD. The simulated RLD, AGB and GY were compared with observations. Scenario 2 predicted the RLD, AGB and GY with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.43 cm/cm³, 0.59 t/ha and 1.03 t/ha, respectively, against 1.03 cm/cm³, 1.20 t/ha and 2.64 t/ha for scenario 1. The lower RMSE under scenario 2 shows that, even under water‐stress conditions, predictions of GY and AGB can be improved by considering the RSA of the crop for simulating the RLD.     

低磷胁迫对不同基因型小麦品种苗期性状的影响

为研究低磷胁迫对小麦苗期性状的影响,在对照(200 μmol/L KH2PO4)和低磷(5 μmol/L KH2PO4)条件下比较了6个不同基因型小麦品种苗期性状指标。结果表明,小麦根系和地上部对低磷胁迫的反应不同,低磷诱导小麦根系伸长,根系生物量（根鲜重和根干重）增加,供试的6个小麦品种在低磷条件下的根系鲜重和干重与对照相比差异均达到显著或极显著水平。低磷处理对地上部则表现出抑制作用,但对不同品种的影响程度差异较大。总体来看,低磷胁迫处理对小麦根系性状的影响大于地上部性状,不同苗期性状受低磷胁迫影响的程度分别为：根系鲜重>最长根长>根系干重>地上部鲜重>地上部干重>苗长。6个供试小麦品种中,‘中国春’对低磷胁迫最为敏感,而‘京411’的耐低磷性相对较强。     

干旱胁迫下不同小豆品种根系生长规律研究

采用盆栽人工控水的方法,研究不同小豆品种根系对干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制了小豆根系的生长,随着干旱胁迫的加剧,小豆的最大根长呈先增加后减少的趋势,根重、总根长、根表面积、根体积、株高、茎粗和叶面积呈减小的趋势,根冠比呈增加的趋势;不同品种小豆对干旱胁迫的响应存在差异,抗旱型品种的根重、总根长、根表面积、根体积、株高、茎粗和叶面积随干旱胁迫的加剧下降幅度小,根冠比显著加大。重度干旱胁迫下,品种间最大根长、根重、根体积、株高、茎粗、叶面积和根冠比差异在整个生育期间达显著水平。抗旱型品种冀红8937的根系更为发达,根冠比较高,中度干旱胁迫下,最大根长的增加幅度较大,随着干旱胁迫的加剧,其根重、总根长、根表面积、根体积、株高、茎粗和叶面积下降幅度较小,根冠比显著增加。     

Indirect Selection for Root Development of White Clover and Implications for Drought Tolerance

Improving white clover drought tolerance by selecting for more developed roots is controversial, labour‐consuming and complicated by the adventitious root system. This study aimed at assessing: (i) the value of thicker stolons as an indirect selection criterion for increasing root development, (ii) the relationship between root development and drought tolerance, and (iii) the consistency of population response for root and shoot traits between swards derived from seedlings or stolon cuttings. Thick‐ and thin‐stolon populations obtained by one cycle of divergent phenotypic selection within one ladino landrace, and one ladino natural population, were evaluated in metal containers (0.55 m × 0.12 m × 0.75 m deep) in a 1‐year experiment including vegetative material (seedling or stolon cutting) and drought stress (absent or present) as additional factors. Aerial dry weight (DW) was also assessed across two summer harvests under irrigated and rainfed field conditions for the thick‐stolon selection, two breeding populations selected from the same landrace regardless of stolon thickness, and the drought‐tolerant ladino ‘Brown Loam Synthetic no. 2’. The thick‐stolon selection had greater root DW (+21 %) than the thin‐stolon selection besides thicker stolons (+23 %). The natural population combined thinnest stolons with lowest root DW. Differences between populations were consistent across vegetative material. Primary and adventitious root systems did not differ for root DW in deeper soil horizons (>23 cm), above‐ground biomass and its reduction due to drought stress. Root DW increased under stress, particularly in deeper horizons. Aerial DW variation among populations evened up or narrowed much under stress, with no cross‐over interaction leading to an advantage of thick‐stolon material or ‘Brown‐Loam Synthetic no. 2’.     

油菜素内酯对铝胁迫大豆光合特性的影响

以Al敏感的大豆品种BD2为水培材料, 研究24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)和长效油菜素内酯(TS303)对Al胁迫大豆光合特性的影响及其作用机理。结果表明, EBR和TS303浸种预处理能缓解Al胁迫引起的大豆根伸长减慢以及Al和胼胝质在根尖积累, 增强大豆对Al胁迫的忍耐能力, EBR和TS303的最佳效应浓度均为0.1 mg L^-1, 但TS303效应更持久。它们提高Al胁迫大豆的光合叶面积和净光合速率, 对Al胁迫引起的大豆叶绿素含量、最大光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)、气孔导度、碳酸酐酶活性、RuBPCase含量及活性降低均有明显的缓解作用。净光合速率的提高是光能利用效率提高、CO₂转运加快以及固定能力增强的综合结果。     

Adaptive Responses of Root Systems of Some Native and Cultivated Species to Desert Conditions

Study of the root systems of the wild species Plantago albicans, Rumex pictus and Cutandia dichotoma and the cultivated species Medicago sativa, Sorghum sudangrass and Hordeum vulgare indicated a maximum penetration to lateral root specialized species from 20 to 50 cm and from 25 to more than 110 cm in tap root specialized species. Root number increased with dryness while root length increased with wet conditions. This leads to low root length density for wild and irrigated cultivated species. Root/shoot ratio increased in the dry season as a result of shoot deterioration by water stress. Magneto tropism was recorded in the secondary branches of Plantago albicans roots.     

The stage sensitivity of short‐term heat stress to lodging‐resistant traits and yield determination in canola (Brassica napus L.)

With the expected increase of abiotic stress under global climate change, significant research has been devoted to how abiotic stress will affect crop production. To date, there has been little research on the stage sensitivity of short‐term heat stress to crop lodging and yield determination in canola. This research was conducted in a controlled growth facility and aimed to examine root morphology, pod fertility, seed yield and crop lodging of two contrasting canola genotypes subjected to a short‐term heat stress (27.0/24.3°C, light/dark), imposed respectively at three growth stages, rosette vegetative stage (RVHT), early flowering stage (EFHT) and late flowering stage (LFHT), in comparison with non‐stressed control (CK) (23/17°C). The results demonstrate that heat stress imposed at RVHT and LFHT was less detrimental to seed yield and lodging resistance. However, EFHT showed significant adverse effects on both, which was further confirmed by redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). Compared with the CK, EFHT resulted in a yield loss of 43%, which was mainly due to poor pod fertility, less number of filled pods (?28%), decreased pollen viability (?38%) and a lower success ratio of filled pods (?29%). The taproot was found to be relatively tolerant to heat stress, but lateral roots were sensitive to heat stress at EFHT and LFHT. Root capacitance could be used as a non‐destructive method for evaluating lateral root morphology. Compared with the CK, EFHT displayed a high risk of stem lodging, as indicated by a 27% lower safety factor. This was mainly attributed to the reduced stem bending strength that was caused by the deterioration of stem mechanical properties under EFHT, as illustrated by SEM. Root lodging resistance was not altered by any stages of short‐term heat stress, as the taproot remained stable.     

两种根系采样方法的对比及冬小麦根系的分布规律

用挖坑冲洗法和改良根钻法研究了耕层（0~30cm）和1m土体内冬小麦根系生物量及其空间分布。研究结果表明,用根钻在垄上、垄间和与垄相切3个位置取样的采样方法较挖坑冲洗法优越。冬小麦根系总量一般在抽穗前后达到最大,一般为2.5~3.5 t/hm2。收获期的总根量一般为2.0 t/hm2左右。严重的氮素短缺、干旱和盐分胁迫条件下,灌浆期的根总量明显减少,但深层根系比例相对较大。然而,从单穗平均根量来说,并不一定减少,连续5季不施氮肥条件下的单株根量甚至可能是水肥充足处理单株根量的1.5~2.0倍。水肥适宜条件下,抽穗期以后根系在土壤剖面中的分布从上而下大致每10cm减少一半,总根量可用公式 （R为总根量,y1为0~10cm土层的根量,单位：t/hm2）近似表示。     

水分胁迫对棉花不同部位主茎叶14C同化、分配的影响

以新棉33B为试验材料,在防雨棚中设置严重干旱、中度干旱和正常供水3个处理(土壤水分分别为田间持水量的35%～45%、45%～65%、65%～85%),利用14CO2同位素示踪技术研究了水分胁迫对棉花不同层次主茎叶光合同化物运转分配的影响.结果表明:干旱胁迫使叶片光合产物合成受阻,降低了叶片14C的同化量.并且随着干旱...