海东消防支队搜救犬分队:用搜救犬发现16名生还群众

玉树地震发生后,青海省海东地区公安消防支队搜救犬分队在第一时间赶赴灾区展开救援。两头搜救犬共发现被埋压群众25人,其中生还16人。两头搜救犬成为救援"奇兵",搜索成功率可与生命探测仪相媲美!     

玉树抗震救灾，搜救犬在行动……

2010年4月14日,青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生7．1级地震后,抗震救灾工作迅速展开。在抗震救灾一线,有这样一支特殊的力量。它们,是最古老的“生命探测仪”,却比现代化的精密仪器灵敏得多。它们,是一群优秀的消防搜救犬,靠灵敏的嗅觉,帮助战友在废墟中寻找被困者和遇难者遗体。在汶川、玉树等抗震救灾现场,到处都能见到搜救犬忙碌的身影。     

断壁残垣中书写一个又一个的救援奇迹——沈阳消防支队特勤大队搜救犬中队抗震救灾纪实

在四川地震灾区的救援现场,有一支特殊的救援队伍格外引人注目,它就是沈阳消防支队特勤大队搜救犬中队。沈阳消防支队特勤大队搜救犬中队是我国最早成立的消防搜救犬队,担任中队长的王作生曾荣获5次二等功．8次三等功。2008年5月13日凌晨,沈阳消防支队特勤大队搜救犬中队第一批11人携10头搜救犬在王作生的带领下奉命赴四川参加汶川大地震的抢险救援,20时到达成都北川县灾区。5月14日,第二批3人3犬也赶到现场进行救灾。在北川地震灾区,沈阳消防支队特勤大队搜救犬中队共搜救出8名幸存者、搜寻到148名遇难者,疏散被困群众40余人,搜救废墟面积近3平方公里。5月21日,搜救犬中队顺利完成搜救任务,返回沈阳。     

Use of rocuronium administered by continuous infusion in dogs

OBJECTIVE: A clinical trial to determine whether continuous infusion administration technique was suitable for maintaining neuromuscular blockade with rocuronium bromide in dogs. ANIMALS: Twenty-two dogs, 10 males and 12 females, median age 2 years 4 months, median weight 32 kg undergoing elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia: ASA classification I or II. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After induction of anaesthesia, neuromuscular function was evaluated using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve. A bolus dose of 0.5 mg kg(-1) rocuronium was administered intravenously and an infusion of 0.2 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) was started immediately. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed visually by counting the number of twitches observed during TOF stimulation repeated at 10-second intervals. RESULTS: The bolus dose of rocuronium abolished the response to TOF stimulation in 21 of the 22 dogs. The median onset time of neuromuscular blockade (complete loss of all four twitches) was 82 seconds (range 38-184 seconds). Median infusion duration was 76 minutes (range 20.3-146 minutes). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This protocol of rocuronium administration was considered to be effective in dogs. Constant infusion of rocuronium is easily applicable to clinical practice and further work is required on infusion titration.     

The cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine given by continuous infusion during isoflurane anesthesia in dogs

In a previous study we showed that the MAC of isoflurane was decreased by 18 ± 12% and 59 ± 7% by constant rate infusions of dexmedetomidine at 0.5 and 3 μg kg^–1 hour^–1. The purpose of this study was to document the cardiovascular changes associated with these infusions of dexmedetomidine at 1.3 MAC isoflurane/ dexmedetomidine. Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen given by mask. A cephalic venous catheter, a dorsal pedal arterial catheter and a balloon tipped, Swan–Ganz, pulmonary arterial catheter were placed percutaneously. After instrumentation the dogs were maintained at 1.3 MAC isoflurane for 60 minutes. At this time a set of measurements was made including, heart rate, respiratory rate, core body temperature, pulmonary and systemic arterial blood pressures (SAP, MAP, DAP, CVP, SPAP, MPAP, DPAP and PAOP), cardiac output and arterial and mixed venous blood samples were collected for the measurement of blood gases, pH, hemoglobin concentration, PCV and total protein. Calculated variables included base excess (BE), (HCO₃^?), cardiac index, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indices, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, oxygen utilization ratio and shunt fraction. After these measurements to dogs were randomly assigned to receive a loading dose of 0.5 or 3 μg kg^–1 of dexmedetomidine given over 6 minutes followed by an infusion of 0.5 (LD) or 3 μg kg^–1 hour^–1 (HD), respectively. The concentration of isoflurane was reduced by the above percentages, respectively, to maintain 1.3 MAC. Full sets of measurements were repeated at 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after the start of the loading dose. Measured and calculated variables were compared with baseline using an anova and a post‐hoc Tukey's test. Significance was set at p = 0.05 and results are given as mean ± SD. The initial concentration of isoflurane was 1.73 ± 0.02% and was reduced to 1.41 ± 0.02 and 0.72 ± 0.09% for the LD and HD, respectively. Heart rate decreased with both doses but no other parameter changed significantly with the LD. With the HD there were significant changes in SAP, MAP, DAP, CVP, MPAP, PAOP, CI, SVRI, PCV, DO₂ and shunt fraction. The LD appeared to have minimal effect on the cardiopulmonary values measured, whereas the HD caused typical changes expected with an alpha‐2 agonist.     

水泡性口炎病毒印第安纳株反基因操作系统的建立

负链RNA病毒作为活病毒载体具有巨大的优势。本研究构建了水泡性口炎病毒印第安纳株（VSV-Ind）基因组全长cDNA克隆，建立了反向遗传操作系统并成功救获病毒。通过免疫荧光、电镜观察、RT-PCR及生长动力学研究，证实救获病毒保持典型的VSV印第安纳株特点，救获VSV的基因组内G蛋白前、后非编码区分别引入两个用于进一步构建重组病毒时外源基因插入的两个限制酶位点。本研究为新型重组活病毒疫苗载体和肿瘤治疗载体的研制及基础病毒学相关研究提供了重要的技术平台。     

犬微量注射泵持续静脉输注舒眠宁的麻醉效果研究

舒眠宁是本实验室研制的一种新型犬、猫用复方麻醉剂,在犬肌肉及静脉推注麻醉的基础上,用微量注射泵持续静脉输注舒眠宁,研究其对犬心血管、呼吸系统及麻醉效果的影响。选用成年杂种犬8只,无麻醉前用药,先静注舒眠宁0.05 mL/kg,然后接微量注射泵持续输注,其输注速率为0.1 mL/(kg.h),持续输注1 h。每隔5 min测定心率、呼吸频率、体温、血压、血氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳分压、血气指标,评分镇静、镇痛、肌松效果。结果表明:舒眠宁单次给药后起效迅速,微量注射泵持续输注麻醉平稳,各时相呼吸数、体温、血氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳分压、血气指标与麻醉前比较差异不显著(P>0.05),心率、血压个别时相差异显著(P<0.05),但均在正常生理范围内;在整个输注过程中,试验犬镇静、镇痛、肌松效果好。说明舒眠宁单次麻醉起效快,持续微量静脉输注麻醉平稳,外科麻醉期长,苏醒快,对心血管、呼吸系统影响小,未见明显不良反应。     

Canine CYP2B11 metabolizes and is inhibited by anesthetic agents often co-administered in dogs

Baratta, M. T., Zaya, M. J., White, J. A., Locuson, C. W. Canine CYP2B11 metabolizes and is inhibited by anesthetic agents often co-administered in dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 33 , 50–55.
Medetomidine is a well-established sedative and analgesic for dogs and cats. As a premedicant for anesthesia regimens that also include other agents, medetomidine can also provide a dose-sparing effect. While there are likely several reasons for the dose-sparing effect of medetomidine, the role of metabolic drug–drug interactions at the single enzyme level has not yet been examined. Using a panel of individually expressed canine cytochromes P450 cloned from beagle liver, this report demonstrates that medetomidine is an extremely potent CYP2B11 inhibitor (IC₅₀ < 10 n m ) and that ketamine and midazolam are CYP2B11 substrates with high intrinsic clearances. These in vitro findings suggest that under some circumstances, medetomidine (i.e. 'perpetrator') may inhibit the metabolic clearance of some high metabolic clearance drugs (i.e. 'victims') with which it is commonly co-administered via the CYP2B11 pathway. However, as the dose-sparing effect of medetomidine premedication commonly results in anesthetic dose reduction, any increased plasma concentrations of victim drugs caused by medetomidine would still be lower than if no dose reduction had been made. Further studies are needed to characterize whether medetomidine possesses the potential to cause pharmacokinetic interactions. In conclusion, the ability of recombinant P450s to define canine-specific drug clearance pathways and P450 inhibitors should prove useful in identifying drug combinations that may require dose adjustments in dogs.     

Intravenous administration of lenperone and glycopyrrolate followed by continuous infusion of sufentanil in dogs: cardiovascular effects

Cardiopulmonary effects of IV administration of lenperone (0.44 mg/kg) and glycopyrrolate (0.11 mg/kg) were determined in 6 healthy adult (2 to 5 years) Pointers during controlled ventilation with oxygen. Sufentanil was then administered as a loading dose (5 micrograms/kg, IV) and continually infused (0.1 microgram/kg/min) for 120 minutes. Lenperone-glycopyrrolate did not significantly affect heart rate, but induced a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance, rate-pressure product, and mean arterial pressure, and significantly increased cardiac index. Administration of sufentanil did not significantly affect mean arterial pressure. Heart rate and rate-pressure product were significantly decreased during sufentanil infusion. Systemic vascular resistance gradually increased during the 2-hour sufentanil infusion and was not significantly different from base-line values at end of study. Cardiac index was not significantly different from baseline values during sufentanil infusion, except at 90 and 120 minutes, when it was significantly less. As administered in the present study, lenperone, glycopyrrolate, and sufentanil are safe and efficacious in adult dogs.