浅谈民居建筑文化的传统与开发

指出了民居建筑反映了各民族、各区域的历史文化变迁和自然风土人情，是传统建筑文化的重要组成部分，具有非凡的艺术魅力。针对传统民居建筑的保护与开发，及对传统民居建筑文化价值的研究，探讨了如何更好地继承与弘扬优秀的民居建筑文化，使当地的传统民居建筑与文化散发出新的活力。     

新农村建设中地域性景观的营造

在社会主义新农村建设的实践中，为了提高乡村生活水平、保护地域文化及乡村生态景观，将“多元主义”设计思想应用到营造地域性景观的过程中，可创造出一个既有现代都市气息又不失乡村特色、地域特征及传统文化的新农村景观。     

不同仓储年份普洱生茶内含成分变化规律研究

选择云南省镇沅县同一原料基地相同工艺的普洱生茶,将2013—2019年干仓储存连续7个年份的7份镇沅普洱茶样进行内含成分分析,同时将2019年镇沅普洱生茶与同年产自勐海和保山的两份生茶茶样进行对比,分析理化成分和感官品质审评差异。结果表明,镇沅贮存不同年份的普洱生茶水浸出物、可溶性糖、咖啡碱含量变化不明显,游离氨基酸与茶多酚含量随贮存时间增加而减少,儿茶素总量、简单儿茶素和酯型儿茶素变化规律不明显;与勐海、保山的普洱生茶相比,镇沅普洱生茶的氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶多酚、儿茶素含量较高,可溶性糖含量较低,水浸出物无明显差别。     

“祁红”葆春延生茶配制与机理

本文详述抗衰茶－祁红葆春延生茶的配制、机理和饮用方法。     

“桑基鱼塘传统文化与生态文明建设发展论坛”在湖州市举行

桑基鱼塘是嘉湖平原水网地区劳动人民经过几千年的农耕劳作，创造的田埂种桑-池塘养鱼-采叶养蚕-蚕沙喂鱼-塘泥肥桑-鱼肥蚕壮的良好人工生态系统。2014年5月“浙江湖州桑基鱼塘系统”入选为第二批中国重要农业文化遗产单位。为进一步传承发展湖州桑基鱼塘传统文化，9月22日，湖州市人民政府和浙江大学在湖州荻港鱼村联合主办了“桑基鱼塘传统文化与生态文明建设发展论坛”，来自广东、广西、四川、江苏及省内蚕桑重点市，有关农业遗产保护、渔业专家近百人参加了论坛。原全国人大常委、农村与农业委员会副主任舒惠国，省农业厅副厅长冯一鹤应邀参加会议。     

甘肃卓尼洮砚文化研究

卓尼的洮砚乡是中国民间雕刻之乡，洮砚被评为国家级非物质文化遗产。洮砚是不可再生的文化资源，对洮砚石产地及洮砚工艺采用工程措施进行保护，可以弘扬优秀的民族民间传统文化，开发洮砚的现代艺术魅力，促进区域经济发展。通过介绍中国洮砚的历史、雕刻形式、造型艺术，以及洮砚石材的特点及其产地，和对洮砚工艺不可缺失的原因及洮砚开采及生产中出现的问题，阐述了一些保护洮砚文化的个人的意见建议。     

历史街区规划对传统生活方式及文化的传承保护

历史街区中,富有个性的传统生活方式可以促进地区的传统文化与现代文明在传统基础上找到合适的契合点,具有前瞻性的保护工作必须把保护的层次提到保护生活方式与内涵文化的高度上来。     

“灵妙化”思路与康巴文化的保护

康巴地区及文化是目前学术研究的热点问题，本文明确提出了在当下的社会发展中，康巴文化的保护可以借鉴城市文化领域的一个叫做“灵妙化”的概念，期冀能使得康巴文化以更精致的方式呈现于世。     

基于农耕文化传承的太行山麓古村落保护与利用研究

农耕文化作为中国传统文化的一部分,对于中国文化的传承,农业的持续发展甚至国民经济水平的提高都具有重要的现实意义。农耕文化是村落持续发展的精神支柱,保护古村落,首先要处理好传统文化与村落的关系,处理好农耕文化传承与古村落保护的关系。文章从农耕文化的起源与内涵出发,整理分析农耕文化的发展及重要性,以河北省太行山麓一带传统村落为考察对象,试对当前古村落的保护与利用提出相应对策,以期推动农耕文化的传承与发展。     

藏族传统文化对草地资源利用与生态保护现状浅析-以甘南夏河牧区为例

几千年来,传统藏族文化对藏区自然生态系统的正常运行及可持续发展起到了重要作用。新世纪由于外来文化迅速扩张,对藏文化的冲击给藏区生态系统保护来了诸多挑战。因此,在促进社会经济全面发展的同时,应当发挥传统藏文化中的积极因素,加强对当地生物多样性的保护,实现生态系统的可持续发展,力争实现人与自然的和谐相处。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in