加大市场运作力度 吸引社会力量搞绿化——北京市大兴区在加快实施第二道绿化隔离地区建设的探讨

北京市第二道绿化隔离地区建设,是市委、市政府为改善首都生态环境、办好绿色奥运、建设生态城市的重大举措。按照规划设计方案,第二道绿化隔离地区在大兴区总用地面积268平方公里,绿化面积105.01平方公里,共涉及亦庄、旧宫、瀛海、青云店、西红门、黄村、北臧村7个镇。积极探索运用于市场机制,吸引社会资金,进行第二道绿化隔离地区建设,是大兴区加快生态公益林、经济林以及绿色产业建设的创新之路。一、政府搭台,企业唱戏,充分调动企业参与凉水河生态公益林建设的积极性。凉水河大兴段流经赤庄镇,在北京市第二道绿化隔离地区规划范围内,由…     

SPSS统计在新农村绿化建设中的应用

针对村民对绿化整体的满意度、景观规划设计的满意度、绿化维护投资的满意度、绿化的需求意愿、种植树种的选择要求、特定树种的喜好、居住区绿化的参与程度、当前绿化建设重点关注内容、认为当前绿化建设需改进的内容等9个方面,展开抽样问卷调查,研究分析了肥城新农村农民对居住区绿化建设的认知性和参与性。希望通过运用社会统计学结合新农村绿化建设为今后新农村绿化建设提出指引性建议。     

首都花园式社区已达511个 居民推窗见绿出门赏花

正社区小景观,绿化大文章。创建花园式社区,是一项让广大居民近距离享受城市绿化美化成果的惠民工程。近年来,北京市持续深入推进"首都绿化美化花园式社区"创建工作,加强绿化管理,发动群众参与,以点带面,促进了人居环境的大幅提升,推动了社区绿化向精品化、花园式发展。     

广泛宣传动员全民参与精心施工狠抓责任落实——顺义区林业局荣获“三北防护林体系建设30年突出贡献单位”

北京市顺义区林业局多年来坚持防风治沙，从多个方面加强绿化美化建设。一是精细施工，狠抓责任落实。在全市率先编制完成《顺义森林体系规划》．科学规划．全面有序推进造林工程。二是广泛深入宣传，动员全民参与。在绿化宣传方面投入大，充分调动群众植树造林的积极性和主动性．营造多处纪念林。三是围绕防护林建设全面促进各项绿化美化工作的开展。     

践行绿色奥运 举办盛世花博——顺义区“十一五”期间园林绿化发展综述

<正>"十一五"期间,北京市顺义区园林绿化紧紧围绕"办好新奥运,建设新顺义"目标,坚持城乡统筹、以人为本、全民参与、共建共享,以奥运倒排期工程、花博会绿化工程为重点,高水平、高标准、高质量地完成了各项任务。全区生态环境质量明显改善,城市面貌显著提升,确定了园林绿化建设是社会重要的公益事业、城市唯一有生命基础设施的新地位。     

绿化资讯

北京市将加大城市空间立体绿化量7月15日,北京市政府《关于推进城市空间立体绿化建设工作的意见》对外发布,提出十二五时期,北京市将在城区特别是在中心城区,建设包括空中花园在内的立体绿化面积100万平方米,以此增加城市绿量。今年,北京市将完成20万平方米立体绿化任务。目前,任务已经被分解到全市各区(县),并且正在按计划组织实施。(李树一)     

延庆县30年来完成全民义务植树2831万株

北京市延庆县以延琉路绿化工程、村庄和社区绿化为战场,开展了以"实施生态文明发展战略建设绿色北京示范区"为主题的全民义务植树活动。全民义务植树运动开展30年来,延庆县积极发动全民的参与、调动全社会的力量,大力开展全民义务植树和植     

关于表彰“全国绿化模范城市（区）”、“全国绿化模范县（市）”和“全国绿化模范单位”的决定

各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市绿化委员会，各有关部门（系统）绿化委员会，中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队绿化委员会，新疆生产建设兵团绿化委员会： 为动员和鼓励社会各方面力量，积极投入国土绿化建设，实行全社会办林业、全民搞绿化，加速国土绿化进程，努力推动整个社会走上生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的明发展道路，全国绿化委员会决定，授予在国土绿化建设中，取得突出成绩的北京市怀柔区等13个城市（区）“全国绿化模范城市（区）”称号、北京市延庆县等54个县（市）“全国绿化模范县（市）”称号、外交部钓鱼台国宾馆等172个单位“全国绿化模范单位”称号。     

大连市城市园林绿化养护管理问题及对策

城市绿化是改善城市环境和提升人民生活质量的重要手段。该文分析了大连市园林绿化养护管理的现状和存在质量不均衡、养护不及时、节水措施不到位、多单位管理、绿化养护人员素质欠佳等问题,并提出相应的对策,包括均衡布局、加强管理机制建设、应用节水植物和技术、提升绿化养护人员素质、加强节水措施应用、利用智能管理系统、增强公众参与等旨在提高城市园林绿化养护管理的质量和效率。     

首都绿化办公布2015年首都市民义务植树及认养接待点

<正>春风送暖,万象更新。北京进入绿化造林的大好季节。3月11日,首都绿化办向社会公布了2015年市民参与植树活动和林木抚育接待点、林木绿地和古树名木认养点,倡导社会单位、家庭和个人多种方式履行植树义务、参与首都绿化美化建设。为了满足人们参与绿化美化建设的热情,2015年,全市各区县设立春季义务植树接待点25处,新植面积2206亩;设立林木抚育接待点30处,面积5431亩;设立林木认养点46处,提供可认养树木     

Armillaria ostoyae in managed coniferous forests in Kastamonu in Turkey

Although several Armillaria species have been reported in Turkey, there is little information about their ecology in Turkish forests. In this study, we investigated five forest stands, approximately 5–74 ha in size, in Kastamonu province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey for the presence of Armillaria species in stumps and logs. The stands were mixed Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Pinus sylvestris forests managed using a selective cuttings system; the proportion of fir in the total number of stems and stumps ranged from 36 to 98%. Based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and intergenic spacer regions of the rDNA, all rhizomorphs sampled from the stumps and logs were of Armillaria ostoyae. The size of the genets was estimated with random amplified microsatellites analysis of the isolates and ranged from single stumps to approximately 450 m². One to seven genets were found in each stand. These results indicate that the genets had arisen from spores and vegetative spread was limited on most sites.     

上海中央公园特大银杏树白蚁防治探讨

通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。       

我国食品中农药残留研究进展

随着人们安全健康意识提高,食品中农药残留问题更加受到重视,本文综述了样品预处理研究进展及农药残留快速检测技术研究进展,并简单分析介绍各种方法的优缺点。     

建平半干旱地区石质山地造林技术研究

研究了不同植物在石质山地的造林成活率、土壤化学性质随造林年限的变化和造林措施对土壤化学性质和植物胸径、树高年净生长量的影响。结果表明：不同植物在石质山地的成活率在21%～85%之间,其中白榆和沙打旺的成活率分别为81%和85%,而小叶杨、刺槐、栾树的成活率均在70%左右;植被能明显提高石质山地不同土层的有机质、全N、P2O5含量,但提高程度随土层深度、养分种类和造林年限的不同而不同;在同一土层,生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高土壤有机质含量（p〈0.01）并显著降低土壤P2O5含量（p〈0.01）;只有保水剂可引起土壤全K含量的明显升高;生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高白榆、小叶杨、刺槐、栾树树高和胸径的年净生长量,但保水剂的提高程度最高。     

植物DNA甲基化研究进展

植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。     

木材碳封存研究进展

碳封存可以分工业封存和生物封存, 工业封存包括地质封存、海洋封存、矿石碳化以及工业循环利用, 这些方法能快速回收CO₂, 但工艺流程技术复杂, 成本较高。木材碳封存是生物碳封存的一种类型, 树木光合作用吸收的碳主要存贮在木材中。运用木材密度、微密度等检测仪器, 通过确定木材密度变化, 结合其含碳率来计量木材的碳封存过程以及封存过程中碳的分配格局, 同时研究其与环境因子的相关性, 可以为研究森林的碳吸收动态提供便捷的方法和科学的依据。     

Natural regeneration in patch clear-cutting in Picea abies stands in Southern Finland

Abstract

The success of natural regeneration on patch clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands in Southern Finland was examined in terms of stocking and tree height. The experiment was established in mature spruce stands in the submesic Myrtillus (MT) site type. In each of the eight study sites, three plots were treated with clear-cutting and planting, clear-cutting with partial tree retention and planting, and patch clear-cutting without site preparation, respectively. In three of the study sites, one plot with patch clear-cutting and site preparation was established. Each plot was 1 ha, out of which three patches of 40×40 m were clear-cut in the patch treatments. 10–11 years after cutting, the patches had on average 1316 crop trees ha^–1, of which 91% were spruces. Some 27% of the stands were up to the target stocking level (≥1600 ha^?1), and 36% were at least satisfactory (≥1300 ha^?1). Site preparation did not yield greater stocking levels on patches, but that result is ambiguous due to a difference in initial stocking. The average spruce tree height in the patches (0.76 m) was much smaller than in the case of clear-cutting and planting (2.42 m). In conclusion, the patches had been restocked tolerably well with spruce and birch for practical purposes during the 10- to 11-year period, but the regeneration process had been very slow compared to clear-cutting and planting.     

Tree regeneration in patch cutting in Norway spruce stands in northern Finland

The study focused on the success of regeneration on patch cuts in spruce-dominated stands in terms of stocking and tree height. It was based on an experiment in the Kainuu region in northern Finland. The experimental design included 8 stands with 58 clearcut patches of variable size (0.09–0.37?ha), on which either natural regeneration without site preparation or site preparation and planting of Scots pine was applied. A regeneration survey was conducted 13–15 growing seasons after treatments. Patches without site preparation had been restocked quite well from natural seed sources. The average number of trees was about 11,000?ha^?1, of which 1700?ha^?1 crop trees. With site preparation and planting, the stocking levels were also very high, 25,000 and 2100?ha^?1, respectively. One hundred percent of the planted patches and 75% of the naturally regenerated patches had an acceptable density. Restocking was equally good across the range of patch sizes. Tree growth had been somewhat slower in the smallest patches than in the largest ones in the range. Natural regeneration was capable of yielding good regeneration results in most patches, especially when site preparation was applied. Stocking levels and height development were higher yet in the planted patches.     

Changes in micropores in dry wood with elapsed time in the environment

To investigate the changes in microstructures of wood with elapsed time in the environment, CO₂ adsorption onto dry wood was measured at ice-water temperature (273 K) for samples aged from 0.1 years to over 1000 years. The micropore size distribution was obtained using the Horvath-Kawazoe method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood decreased in number with elapsed time in the environment, and a negative correlation was found between cumulative pore volume for pores smaller than 0.6 nm and elapsed time in the environment. Cumulative pore volume in the 1000-year sample was almost half of that in the 0.1- year sample. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood with a few decades or more of elapsed time increased in number after rewetting and drying. Consequently, microstructures of wood with longer time elapsed in the environment were considered to be more stable, because of longer-term thermal motion and possibly more repeated moisture adsorption and desorption and/or temperature variation in the environment.