Comparative genomics of the eukaryotes

A comparative analysis of the genomes of Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-and the proteins they are predicted to encode-was undertaken in the context of cellular, developmental, and evolutionary processes. The nonredundant protein sets of flies and worms are similar in size and are only twice that of yeast, but different gene families are expanded in each genome, and the multidomain proteins and signaling pathways of the fly and worm are far more complex than those of yeast. The fly has orthologs to 177 of the 289 human disease genes examined and provides the foundation for rapid analysis of some of the basic processes involved in human disease.     

功能基因组学研究的有力工具 --比较基因组学

比较基因组学在后基因组时代是一门重要的工具学科。通过不同物种间的基因组序列比较,可以发现生物体中蕴涵的大量生物学信息,其在功能基因组学的研究中将发挥重要作用。文章对比较基因组学的基本理论、应用策略、主要分析步骤及有关分析工具进行了概述。     

小麦抗叶锈病基因LrAlt的比较基因组学分析

斯卑尔脱小麦材料Altgold含有小麦抗叶锈病基因LrAlt。该基因被定位于小麦2A染色体短臂末端。本研究基于小麦与短柄草和水稻基因组良好的共线性关系,对小麦抗叶锈病基因LrAlt进行比较基因组学分析,发现该基因所在基因组区域对应于短柄草第5染色体和水稻第4染色体的直系同源基因组区域,据此开发出与LrAlt连锁的EST-STS标记BE498683、BE471132.1、BG605273和CD454629,并构建了LrAlt的遗传连锁图谱,这4个EST-STS标记与Xbarc212共分离,位于LrAlt近着丝粒侧,距离LrAlt 1.9cM。同时,通过筛选Graingenes 2.0公布的位于LrAlt附近的SSR标记,发现Xbarc124、Xgwm614与LrAlt紧密连锁,均与Xbarc212共分离。本研究通过比较基因组学的策略和筛选Graingenes 2.0公布的SSR标记,共得到与LrAlt紧密连锁的9个新的分子标记,为构建LrAlt的高密度精细遗传连锁图谱、分子标记辅助选择和基因聚合奠定了基础。     

Comparative genomics provide a rapid detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.conglutinans(Foc)is the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease of Brassica oleracea.A rapid,accurate,and reliable method to detect and identify plant pathogens is vitally important to integrated disease management.In this study,using a comparative genome analysis among Fusarium oxysporum(Fo),we developed a Foc-specific primer set(Focs-1/Focs-2)and established a multiplex-PCR assay.In the assay,the Focs-1/Focs-2 and universal primers for Fusarium species(W106R/F106S)could be used to detect Foc isolates in a single PCR reaction.With the optimized PCR parameters,the multiplex-PCR assay showed a high specificity for detecting Foc and was very sensitive to detect as little as100 pg of pure Foc genomic DNA or 1 000 spores in 1 g of twice-autoclaved soil.We also demonstrated that Foc isolates were easily detected from infected plant tissues,as well as from natural field soils,using the multiplex-PCR assay.To our knowledge,this is a first report on detection Fo by comparative qenomic method.     

原生动物起源的模糊性问题及其解决途径

原生动物起源是动物学、生物进化论研究的重要内容之一,原生动物的元祖生物的起源与演化等诸多问题尚不清楚．根据古生物学和现代生物进化论研究的成就,就原生动物起源中起源形成动物、起源生物及其不确定原因进行分析,提出几种理论假设及解决途径．     

Metabolic deficiencies in protozoa induced by thalidomide

Thalidomide inhibits growth of some protozoa. This inhibition was counteracted by nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and vitamin K(1). The mechanism of toxicity may be an interference of cellular oxidation. A protozoan test system is useful for studying the potential "side actions" of drugs in higher animals and man.     

Interspecific morphogens regulating prey-predator relationships in protozoa

The ciliate Euplotes octocarinatus and some close relatives of it are triggered by predator-released substances to undergo morphogenetic changes that inhibit their engulfment. The changes occur within a few hours and do not require cell division. They are perpetuated during reproduction so long as the concentration of the morphogen is maintained. The ability of Euplotes to respond to predator-produced signals by a defensive change in cell architecture probably provides an effective mechanism for damping population oscillations ofboth prey and predators andfosters coexistence. The signal-induced cell transformation merits study for its own sake because of its developmental implications.     

小麦品种辽春10抗叶锈病基因LrLC10的比较基因组学定位

为明确小麦品种辽春10对叶锈菌小种PHT抗病的遗传基础,利用感病小麦材料87-1与抗病小麦材料辽春10构建的F_(2:3)群体,对其进行成株期抗病性鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明,辽春10中含有1个显性抗叶锈病基因,暂命名为LrLC10。利用BSA法和比较基因组学策略对该抗病基因进行分子标记分析,将LrLC10定位于小麦2BS染色体上。共构建了含有8个分子标记的LrLC10基因的连锁图,其中:CAUT253位于LrLC10的远着丝粒侧,距离为0.1cM;CAUT163和CAUT131与LrLC10共分离;CAUT239位于LrLC10的近着丝粒侧,遗传距离为0.5cM。     

Reverse vaccinology and genomics

The genomic revolution has had a dramatic effect on our ability to find new vaccine targets and develop effective vaccines.