长顺绿壳蛋鸡mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性分析

为更好地对长顺绿壳蛋鸡进行品种保护和利用,并从母系遗传角度深入阐明长顺绿壳蛋鸡的群体遗传背景,利用PCR直接测序法,测定了114只长顺绿壳蛋鸡的线粒体DNA(mt DNA)D-loop第1高变区568 bp片段序列。结果表明:在所分析的长顺绿壳蛋鸡mt DNA D-loop区序列中,A、C、G、T平均比例为27.1%、29.5%、13.4%、30.0%;共检测到核苷酸变异位点37个,核苷酸多样度为0.0111,24种单倍型,单倍型多样度为0.845,表明长顺绿壳蛋鸡遗传多样性较丰富,具有较好的选育潜力。聚类分析结果表明,长顺绿壳蛋鸡与红原鸡亲缘关系较近。     

长顺绿壳蛋鸡快慢羽品系的建立与自别雌雄配套系的研究

本研究以长顺天农绿壳蛋鸡实业有限公司原种场保种长顺绿壳蛋鸡纯种自繁群体为素材选育长顺绿壳蛋鸡快慢羽品系,对长顺绿壳蛋鸡原种鸡研究表明,快羽占77.3%,慢羽占22.7%,说明长顺绿壳蛋鸡原种群主要以快羽为主。通过1日龄出苗快慢羽鉴别出快羽群体和慢羽群体,饲养至32周龄通过分子检测和测交等方法建立长顺绿壳蛋鸡快慢羽纯系。将建立起来的长顺绿壳蛋鸡快慢羽纯系进行纯繁,其后代快慢羽比例分别达到了99.86%和99.96%。自别雌雄杂交鸡群准确率达到99%以上。     

江西7个地方鸡品种遗传多样性的微卫星分析

选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记．检测了丝毛鸟骨鸡、康乐鸡、宁都三黄鸡、余干乌骨鸡、瓦灰鸡、崇仁麻鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡等江西省7个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度（h）、多态信息含量（PIC）、群体间的Nei氏标准遗传距离（Ds）和DA遗传距离。结果表明．30个微卫星位点中有24个微卫星位点在7个鸡群体中的多态信息含量均为高度多态．可作为有效的遗传标记用于鸡品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析；在7个品种中．杂合度最低的是余干乌骨鸡．为0．6155．杂合度最高的是崇仁麻鸡．为0．6525，各地方鸡品种的杂合度都偏高，反映了群体的遗传多样性非常丰富；7个鸡品种间的DA、Ds遗传距离远近关系一致．但DA距离均比Ds距离大；用UPGMA法对DA和Ds的聚类结果相同．7个鸡品种被聚为3类．余干乌骨鸡、瓦灰鸡、康乐鸡、宁都三黄鸡聚为一类．崇仁麻鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡聚为一类．丝毛乌骨鸡独自为一类。     

四川常羽乌骨鸡群体遗传多样性分析

利用选自家禽基因组的10个微卫星标记,对四川常羽乌骨鸡5个群体(四川山地乌骨鸡白羽系、黑羽系;黄忠山地乌骨鸡;黄忠山地乌骨鸡绿壳蛋系;草科乌骨鸡)的遗传多样性进行了检测,计算了各群体的群体杂合度、群体间遗传距离,并根据遗传距离进行了聚类分析。结果表明所选择的微卫星标记在各群体中表现出较高的多态性;四川5个乌骨鸡群体遗传多样性比较丰富,群体平均杂合度为0.5383到0.6659;各群体间的遗传距离有一定的差异;聚类分析将5个群体聚为三类。     

黔南州长顺绿壳蛋鸡产业发展浅析

正为发展特色禽业,推动长顺绿壳蛋鸡本地资源优势向产业优势和经济优势转化,加快农业结构调整,促进生产方式转变,推进农业产业化进程。本文对黔南州长顺绿壳蛋鸡产业进行综合分析,提出进一步发展思路供同行借鉴。1长顺绿壳蛋鸡养殖状况长顺绿壳蛋鸡是黔南州较为古老的绿壳蛋鸡品     

长顺绿壳蛋鸡IL8RB基因多态性检测

为了提升家禽抗逆性,为生产安全优质禽产品提供参考依据,试验选择长顺绿壳蛋鸡对其IL8RB基因多态性进行检测并采用混合基因池进行PCR扩增,结合直接测序法对IL8RB基因进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)筛查。结果表明:在长顺绿壳蛋鸡IL8RB基因启动子区g. 22 589 018～g.225 895 571区域检测到5个SNPs位点(g.22 589 318,TC; g.22 589 424,TC; g.22 589 468,CG;g.22 589 477,TC; g.22 589 486,TC),基因型CC和等位基因C分别为优势基因型和优势等位基因,其多态信息含量(PIC)只有g.22 589 468一个突变位点呈低度多态,另外4个突变位点呈中度多态,且5个突变位点的等位基因数(Ne)均较为均匀。说明长顺绿壳蛋鸡在自然群体中的遗传多样性较为丰富,应在长顺绿壳蛋鸡的饲养管理、疾病防控、繁殖等方面加强保护,提升其抗逆性。     

5个绿壳蛋鸡群体中EAV-HP在SLCO1B3基因5'-非编码区插入整合频率和类型的研究

本试验旨在测定和比较5个绿壳蛋鸡群体中EAV-HP在溶质载体有机阴离子转运蛋白家族成员1B3(solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3,SLCO1B3)基因的5'-非编码区插入整合的频率和类型。所选5个绿壳蛋鸡群体包括3个北京地区的商业群体(北京-LK、北京-LF和北京-YM)、贵州长顺绿壳蛋鸡群体和四川省地方品种旧院黑鸡;采用双重PCR对EAV-HP的插入整合进行检测,并利用DNA测序的方法判断EAV-HP的主要突变位点。结果表明,5个绿壳蛋鸡群体均拥有一定数量的EAV-HP插入整合的个体,表现为杂合(LC/N)和纯合(LC/LC)基因型,均可产绿壳蛋,其中旧院黑鸡的绿壳蛋频率最低,仅为28.90%,其次是北京-LF群体,为46.94%,其他3个群体的绿壳蛋频率为83.33%~84.62%;经卡方检验,北京-LF和旧院黑鸡群体符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05),而其他3个群体则极显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.01)。DNA测序结果显示这5个绿壳蛋鸡群体中EAV-HP插入整合的序列与之前报道的东乡绿壳蛋鸡的KC632577.1完全一致。地方品种旧院黑鸡的绿壳蛋频率较低,建议利用双重PCR检测的分子标记辅助选择方法加以提高。     

“长顺绿壳蛋鸡”育雏管理

“长顺绿壳蛋鸡”是我县重点打造的特色品牌，2008年通过贵州省农业厅无公害农产品产地认证及产品认证。2009年，“长顺绿壳蛋鸡”被国家农业部列入地方遗传资源保护品种一《中华人民共和国农业部公告》（第1278号）。2012年11月27日，获有机农产品认证证书。     

固始鸡不同品系及部分外来鸡种遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用10个微卫星标记,对固始鸡5个系和4个非固始鸡品系共9个群体的等位基因频率、遗传杂合度、群体间的遗传距离等进行了分析,并根据遗传距离进行了聚类分析。结果表明:星红褐鸡与绿壳蛋鸡被聚为一类,固始鸡慢羽系与快羽系被聚为一类,固始鸡被聚为一大类,罗曼鸡自成一类,艾维茵鸡也自成一类。     

微卫星分析中样本量和性别对群体遗传多样性的影响

以边鸡29个微卫星标记的遗传多样性分析数据为例,分析样本量和性别对群体遗传多样性指标的影响。结果表明:当样本量超过30时,平均期望杂合度趋于稳定,样本量与平均期望杂合度无显著相关,与平均多态信息含量和平均等位基因数呈正相关。在微卫星分析中性别对遗传多样性指标无显著影响。在运用微卫星标记进行群体遗传遗传多样性研究时以30～40个样本较为合适。     

畜牧兽医专业职业教育分级制改革实践

职业教育分级制度改革是对构建现代职业教育体系的新探索、新实践。畜牧兽医专业是首批北京市职业教育分级制度改革的试验专业之一。本文以畜牧兽医专业职业教育分级制改革试验为例，介绍了“职业仓”构建、分级标准制定、职业岗位能力分析与入学条件、课相开发与教学设计、质量控制和评价等方面的改革成果。     

利用微卫星标记对地方鸡种群体遗传结构的聚类分析

利用29个微卫星标记,通过计算亚群体杂合度（Hs）、总群体杂合度（Ht）、遗传分化系数（Gst）和基因流（Nm）,并基于Reynolds遗传距离、Nei遗传距离运用NJ和UPGMA聚类法构建4类聚类图,比较分析国家地方禽种遗传资源基因库保存的7个地方鸡品种（仙居鸡、鹿苑鸡、固始鸡、大骨鸡、河南斗鸡、狼山鸡、萧山鸡）间的遗传分化和亲缘关系。结果表明,7个地方鸡种29个微卫星座位的总群体杂合度、亚群体杂合度的平均值为0.642,0.551;平均遗传分化系数为0.142。7个地方鸡品种间,萧山鸡与鹿苑鸡的基因流动最大,为5.832 7;狼山鸡与固始鸡的基因流动最小,为0.805 3;基于Reyonalds遗传距离运用NJ聚类法获得的7个鸡种间的亲缘关系聚类图较为准确地反映了7个地方鸡种间的遗传分化和亲缘关系。     

普洱毛脚乌鸡与南涧绿耳乌鸡线粒体DNA母系遗传分析

In order to elucidate the genetic differences between Puer Miaojiao and Nanjian Lver black bone chicken, the hypervariable region I sequence variations in mtDNA D loop of the respective 48 random samples from Puer Miaojiao and Nanjian Lver black bone chicken were examined by direct sequencing of PCR products in the present study, and an analysis of population genetics and phylogenetics were conducted on the data obtained. In Puer Miaojiao black bone chicken, a total of 24 polymorphic sites included 2 singleton polymorphic sites and 24 parsimony informative sites were detected, which defined 12 haplotypes and the unique haplotypes accounted for 50%. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and the average genetic distance within the population were 0.829±0.039,0.01559±0.00068 and 0.016±0.003, respectively. In Nanjian Lver black bone chicken, a total of 28 polymorphic sites included 0 singleton polymorphic site and 28 parsimony informative sites were detected, which defined 13 haplotypes and the unique haplotypes accounted for 53.85%. In this population, the haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and the average genetic distance within the population were 0.907±0.018,0.01590±0.00056 and 0.016±0.003, respectively. Phylogenetic and genetic divergence analysis revealed that there were A,B,E,F and G five matrilineages in Puer Miaojiao black bone chicken which accounted for 45.83%,2.08%,8.33%,16.67% and 27.09%, respectively. And there were A,B,C, E,F and G six matrilineages in Nanjian Lver black bone chicken which accounted for 22.92%,14.58%,4.17%,10.42%,16.67% and 31.25%, respectively. The results in this study indicated that the population genetic variation in Nanjian Lver black bone chicken are higher than that in Puer Miaojiao black bone chicken and the population genetic composition for the two chicken populations were significantly different. They are mainly for the native chicken descent by birth, but there may be a small amount of commercial chicken blood mixed.     

利用微卫星标记分析溧阳鸡的群体遗传变异

选用30对微卫星引物分析了溧阳鸡的等位基因组成,计算了各座位的基因杂合度和多态性信息含量。结果30个微卫星座位共检出156个等位基因,基因频率分布在0.0088-0.5之间,平均每对引物可检测5.2个等位基因,30个微卫星座位的平均杂合度为0.681,平均多态性含量为0.623,表明溧阳鸡群体遗传变异大,遗传多样性丰富。     

鹿苑鸡微卫星和AFLP指纹分析

利用20个微卫星标记和6对AFLP引物组合对地方鸡种鹿苑鸡进行了遗传检测,结果表明鹿苑鸡在20个微卫星位点上共检测到118个等位基因,基因频率分布在0.0125～0.5500之间,平均每个座位检测到5.9个等位基因.20个微卫星座位的平均杂合度为0.7366,平均多态信息含量为0.6953;6对AFLP引物组合在该鸡种中共检测到245条多态性条带,平均每个引物组合产生40.8条多态性条带;鹿苑鸡群体变异大,具有丰富的遗传多样性.     

略阳乌鸡线粒体DNA控制区(D-loop)的遗传多样性分析

为了研究略阳乌鸡线粒体DNA控制区（mtDNA D-loop）的遗传多样性和起源,本研究对30只略阳乌鸡样品的mtDNA D-loop全序列进行了PCR扩增和测序,结合GenBank中公布的其他鸡的D-loop区序列,分析略阳乌鸡线粒体多态性及其起源。结果表明,略阳乌鸡mtDNA D-loop区全序列中,A、C、G、T平均含量分别为26.6%、26.6%、13.4%和33.4%,26个核苷酸多态位点均为转换位点,核苷酸多样度（Pi）为0.00705,单倍型变异度（Hd）为1.000,中性检验Tajima's D值为-0.47272。通过群体构建的系统进化树发现,略阳乌鸡样品在系统进化树上聚为4大分支。研究结果表明,略阳乌鸡群体内个体序列变异程度较大,遗传多样性丰富,揭示略阳乌鸡在遗传组成上具有4个母系来源。     

Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Danzhou Chicken Assessed with Mitochondrial Complete DNA D-loop Region Sequencing

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and evolution of Danzhou chicken.The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop regions of 36 Danzhou chickens were amplified,sequenced and analyzed.The sequencing reads were compared with the complete mtDNA D-loop sequence of several relative strains of chicken annotated in GenBank,and analyzed by bioinformatics methods.The genetic diversity and its evolutionary relationship in Danzhou chicken were analyzed.The results showed that the lengths of PCR products at the D-loop region were 1 210 bp,with 59.9% being A+T and 40.1% as C+G.The variable regions were 167-1 215 bp,and the high variable regions were mainly 167-367 bp.A total of 20 variable sites that defined 6 haplotypes were identified.The average haplotype diversity (Hd) and average number of nucleotide difference (k) were 0.571 and 6.449,respectively,the nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.00537,and the Tajima's D value of neutrality test was 1.61643.6 haplotypes could be grouped to 3 haplogroups (A,B and C) as determined by phylogenic analysis,with B clade,as the most abundant population.It concluded that the genetic diversity and haplotype diversity of Danzhou chicken were relatively low.Phylogenetic tree showed that the genetic composition of Danzhou chicken came from 3 maternal ancestors,Gallus gallus spadiceus,Gallus gallus bankiva and Gallus gallus jabouillei were potential ancestors.There was few influence of exotic lineage detected,which indicated that Danzhou chicken was a relatively conserved breed.     

Genetic Diversity of Lueyang Black-bone Chicken Based on Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region Sequence

This study was aimed to assess mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence diversity and origin of Lueyang Black-bone chicken.The mtDNA D-loop sequence of 30 individuals from Lueyang Black-bone chicken were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced.The mtDNA D-loop sequence of other chicken were collected from GenBank and used as reference sequences to analyze the diversity and origin of Lueyang Black-bone chicken.The results revealed that the average values of base composition of A,C,G and T in mtDNA D-loop the sequence of Lueyang Black-bone chicken were 26.6%,26.6%,13.4% and 33.4%,respectively.26 nucleotide polymorphic sites were transition.The average nucleotide diversity (Pi) of the sites and haplotype diversity (Hd) were 0.00705 and 1.000,and the value of Tajima's D was -0.47272.Phylogenetic tree showed that samples were clusted in 4 clades. In the research, it could be concluded that the genetic diversity was relatively rich and wealthy and there were 4 maternal origins to Lueyang Black-bone chicken population.     

基于RAD-Seq技术的大围山微型鸡遗传进化分析

【目的】 在分子水平上探讨大围山微型鸡的遗传进化。【方法】 以大围山微型鸡与其他18个地方鸡品种及2个国外引进品种为研究对象,每个品种选取公鸡10只,母鸡20只,采血,提取全基因组DNA,进行简化基因组测序(RAD-Seq),鉴定21个品种基因组SNP,计算大围山微型鸡遗传统计量,分析遗传多样性和遗传结构、筛选受选择基因并进行功能富集分析。【结果】 在大围山微型鸡群体中鉴定出331 892个SNPs。大围山微型鸡的平均杂合度(Ho)为0.219、核苷酸多样度(Pi)为0.245,近交系数(Fis)为0.107,与其他18个地方鸡种相比遗传多样性呈中度多态。聚类分析发现,大围山微型鸡与瓢鸡、茶花鸡和藏鸡聚为一类,亲缘关系较近,且与瓢鸡的群体分化指数(Fst)最低(0.0929),亲缘关系最近,与河南斗鸡的Fst最高(0.2179),亲缘关系最远。共筛选出200个受选择基因。GO分析结果显示,这些受选择基因主要富集在运动、刺激应答、信号传导等生物学过程;KEGG分析结果表明,这些受选择基因主要富集在代谢、肌动蛋白细胞骨架的调节、MAPK等信号通路。【结论】 大围山微型鸡遗传多样性呈中度多态,与瓢鸡亲缘关系最近,本研究筛选出了200个受到选择的基因,这些基因在代谢、信号传导、颅骨发育等多个方面发挥作用。     

太湖鸡资源群体遗传变异的检测

应用微卫星标记对江苏省无锡市祖代鸡场有限公司太湖鸡的保种群体进行了遗传变异的分析,计算了群体的杂和度(H)和多态信息含量(PIC)。研究结果表明:30个微卫星标记在太湖鸡保种群体的杂和度为0.504～0.858之间,平均杂和度为0.688,群体的遗传多样性丰富;其中24个微卫星标记在太湖鸡中多态信息含量为高度多态,可作为有效遗传标记用于太湖鸡保种群的遗传分析,而且各座位杂和度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性。本研究结果为太湖鸡开发利用研究提供了基础,也为太湖鸡的合理保护提供了科学根据。