牛蛙皮肤显微结构与组织化学研究

运用HE染色和3种组织化学方法—改良甲苯胺蓝、阿利新蓝-PAS和多巴氧化酶法染色对牛蛙皮肤显微结构和特性进行了研究。结果表明,牛蛙皮肤由表皮和真皮组成,表皮由角质层、颗粒层和生发层组成,表皮内无黑色素分布,微血管较少。真皮比表皮厚,分为疏松层和致密层。真皮疏松层内有大量团块状、致密的黑色素,微血管较多。真皮疏松层中分布着黏液腺和颗粒腺,黏液腺多于颗粒腺。牛蛙皮肤肥大细胞主要分布于真皮疏松层和皮下层,且多为长条形。真皮致密层呈阿利新蓝-PAS染色强阳性,表皮与真皮交界处以及真皮疏松层和致密层交界处也有强阳性带。多巴氧化酶法染色结果表明,无黑色素分布的表皮层有许多弥散、细小的阳性棕黑色颗粒状色素,而有大块天然黑色素分布的真皮疏松层阳性颗粒色素较少。结果提示,牛蛙皮肤可通过腺体、肥大细胞和黑色素发挥重要的免疫防御和保护作用。     

鹅绒皮加工过程中组织结构变化的研究Ⅰ.冬季鹅皮肤的组织结构观察

采用HE、胶原纤维染色法和弹性纤维染色法,对15只冬季白鹅皮肤的组织结构进行了显微镜观察.结果如下:鹅皮肤分表皮、真皮和皮下组织3部分.表皮为复层扁平上皮.真皮分浅、深两层.浅层致密,由胶原纤维束组成,纤维束细而编织相对比其他几层紧密.深层又分成3层:致密层由平滑肌束和较疏松的结缔组织组成;疏松层由大量脂肪细胞和少量结缔组织组成;弹性纤维层主要由胶原纤维和弹性纤维组成,胶原纤维束细小,编织比疏松层紧密而排列杂乱.皮下组织主要由疏松结缔组织组成,其中分布有大量的脂肪细胞.本实验还对鹅身体各部位皮肤的厚度作了统计分析,结果显示:表皮和真皮浅层以颈部最厚,而真皮深层和弹性纤维层则以背部最厚.对毛囊毛根的观察可知,毛根有两种形态不同的类型.     

东北林蛙皮肤及其腺体组织形态学观察

本文观察了东北林蛙皮肤及其腺体组织形态学结构,结果表明：东北林蛙体表各部位皮肤薄厚不一,头部背侧皮肤最厚（224.4±5.46μm）,后肢腹侧皮肤最薄（135.7±5.06μm）,但基本结构相同,由表皮和真皮组成。表皮薄,为复层扁平上皮;真皮疏松层有大量腺体分布,主要是粘液腺和颗粒腺。粘液腺广泛分布于全身皮肤,颗粒腺多见于背部皮肤,以躯干背侧褶处体积最大。色素细胞分布于真皮浅层,以背侧皮肤多见。     

黑龙江林蛙繁殖期两性皮肤组织结构的差异比较

报道了繁殖期黑龙江林蛙皮肤及其腺体的显微结构特点及两性差别。研究发现：黑龙江林蛙雌雄个体在皮肤特定部位的表皮厚度和皮肤总厚度上存在显著差异;雌蛙各部位真皮致密层都比雄蛙相应部位的致密层厚,且有显著差别。雌雄性蛙色斑不仅存在两性差异,而且构成色斑的色素细胞数量雄蛙明显多于雌蛙;皮肤腺在组成类型和分布上雌雄也有差别,最明显的是雄蛙躯干的背、腹部存在有大量的特殊黏液腺,讨论了这种特殊的黏液腺在生殖行为中可能产生一些化学交流信号和辅助抱对作用。     

鸡体不同部位皮肤的结构观察

取成年鸡身体不同部位的正常皮肤(胸裸区皮肤、肩胛裸区皮肤、耳后裸区皮肤、胸羽区皮肤、小腿羽区皮肤和颈羽区皮肤),HE染色和地衣红染色,光镜下观察研究鸡不同部位正常皮肤的结构。鸡正常皮肤表皮很薄,细胞层数少,其中棘层细胞很少,棘细胞散在分布于基底层和移行层之间;胸部羽区、胸部裸区和耳后裸区的真皮浅层中含有较多的纤维细胞与毛细血管;羽区的致密层未见到平滑肌,裸区和羽区的疏松层内均见到平滑肌;真皮深层的疏松层发达,较致密层厚;颈部羽区未观察到弹性纤维层。     

内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊皮肤毛囊结构研究

对内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊皮肤、毛囊进行观察,结果显示,阿尔巴斯白绒山羊皮肤毛囊结构与其他绒山羊基本一致,由表皮层、真皮毛囊层和真皮网状层组成.表皮极薄,主要由角质层和生发层构成.真皮毛囊层以疏松的结缔组织为主,内有毛囊和皮脂腺等结构.毛囊群由1～4个初级毛囊和若干个次级毛囊组成.初级毛囊发生较早,附属结构齐全;次级毛囊发生较晚,无汗腺.内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊的皮肤毛囊结构有其品种特征,具有较高的密度和S/P(次级毛囊/初级毛囊)值,所以研究其皮肤毛囊结构对于提高内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊羊毛品质和产绒量具有重要的意义.     

河南斗鸡与艾维茵肉鸡皮肤组织结构的比较

应用石蜡切片法对河南斗鸡和艾维茵肉鸡颈、背、胸、腹、腿5个部位皮肤组织结构进行显微观察、厚度测量,并进行比较。结果显示:河南斗鸡和艾维茵肉鸡皮肤各部位结构差别很大,主要表现在各个部位的表皮、真皮厚度不一;斗鸡真皮含丰富的胶原纤维,结构致密,弹性和韧性大,这与斗鸡经常打斗密切相关;斗鸡皮下组织中脂肪含量较少,在真皮网状层和皮下组织中有丰富的血管、淋巴管、毛囊等结构;斗鸡胸部皮肤薄。艾维茵肉鸡胸部皮肤较其他部位薄,颈部皮肤较厚,背部皮肤因含有大量脂肪组织较厚。     

棕熊熊掌的形态学观察

本文主要报告了一例棕熊熊掌的组织结构。熊掌的组织结构由表皮层、致密结缔组织层和脂肪组织层构成。表皮层由基层、棘细胞层、颗粒层和角化层组成,这几层的分布情况因部位而异。表皮层在其深部致密结缔组织层形成的长而均匀密布的锥形乳头的基础上,形成了许多长短、粗细相近的圆柱体。每个圆柱体可分为顶、体、底三段。顶段主要由完全角化的表皮构成;体段较长,主要由角化程度不同的棘细胞层、颗粒层和角化层构成,位于圆柱体轴心部分的细胞角化程度比轴周的轻微;底段由致密结缔组织层形成的锥形乳头及乳头周围的表皮所构成,此段的角化层较少,主要由被覆于乳头表面的基层及其周围的棘细胞层和颗粒层构成。致密结缔组织层的主要特点是其内含有丰富的粗大胶原纤维束。胶原纤维束的排列不规则。脂肪组织层主要由脂肪组织构成。     

怎样检查鸡病（Ⅳ）

怎样检查鸡病（Ⅳ）１３皮肤的检查鸡的皮肤多呈白色，松而薄，并且容易与肌肉分高。皮肤的构造与哺乳动物相似，由表皮、真皮和皮下组织３层构成．皮肤的厚度，因体躯部位不同而有差异，羽毛多的区域，皮肤较薄，在没有羽毛或羽毛稀少的部位，则皮肤较厚。在检查时，可将...     

禽病知识讲座之五--鸡病的一般检查(五)

13皮肤的检查 鸡的皮肤多呈白色,松而薄,并且容易与肌肉分离.皮肤的构造与哺乳动物相似,由表皮、真皮和皮下组织3层构成.皮肤的厚度,因体躯部位不同而有差异,羽毛多的区域,皮肤很薄,在没有羽毛或羽毛较少的部位皮肤较厚,在检查时,可将羽毛逆翻,以检查其皮肤色泽及有无创伤、溃疡、坏死、结痂或肿瘤及皮下状态等.     

Microscopic anatomy of the skin of the woodchuck (Marmota monax): comparison of woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected and non-infected animals.

Thirty-three woodchucks were used in this study. Seventeen animals were healthy adults, not infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV); 10 were healthy adults infected with WHV; 4 were noninfected neonates; 2 were infected neonates. Within the 4 groups of woodchucks, no histologic differences were detected on the basis of sex or age. Neither were histologic findings different between infected and noninfected woodchucks of similar ages. The average thickness of skin (as measured from the skin surface to the inner limit of the dermis) from the general haired body area was 2394 microns. The skin was thickest on dorsal body areas, and gradually became thinner on ventral body and medial limb areas. The epidermis consisted of 4 layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. A stratum lucidum was present only in the epidermis of the footpads. There was no clear distinction between the superficial dermis and the deep dermis, except for the subtle differences in arrangement and size of collagen fibers. Elastic fibers were seen throughout the dermis, being more prominent in the superficial portion. Both compound and simple hair follicle arrangements were seen, with compound being more common. The arrectores pilorum muscles were largest in the skin over the dorsal body areas. Sebaceous glands were present either within the outer root sheath of hair follicles or in the dense connective tissue surrounding hair follicles. No apocrine sweat glands were found. However, there were abundant eccrine sweat glands in the subcutaneous fat of the footpads.     

Scanning electron microscopic features of the ovine interdigital sinus

This article describes the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) features of the ovine interdigital sinus. The lumen was filled with a dense secretory material and quite a number of hairs embedded in the luminal content. For SEM purposes, the sinus was divided into three parts: base, body and neck. At the cut surface, the wall exhibited significant folds which were almost absent in the base, the very short blind end of the sinus. The wall had three layers: epidermis, dermis and fibrous capsule. Stratified epithelium with a prominent keratin layer faced the lumen. The inner surface was similar to the skin surface; however, it was coarser due to folds. The fibrous capsule was composed mainly of dense connective tissue, constituting the outermost layer of the wall. The dermis contained common skin structures including sebaceous glands, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles and apocrine glands. Sebaceous glands appeared as groups of bubbles if they were not collapsed. Apocrine glands generally appeared as a group of coiled tubules. They frequently exhibited apocrine blebs, which is a feature of apocrine secretion. SEM was able to locate some secretory vesicles in the lumen of apocrine tubules which is frequently filled by secretory content. Thus, the apocrine tubules exhibited classical features of apocrine secretion.     

Stratum adiposum, a special structure of the African Catfish skin (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822)

The skin histology of Clarias gariepinus, a scaleless teleost from south central Africa, is described. The African catfish epidermis is composed of epithelial cells representing 62.3% of volumetric density (Vv), club cells (Vv = 25.7%), mucous cells (Vv = 10.5%) and melanocytes (Vv = 1.4%). Its thickness amounts to approximately 240 microm. The dermis is distinguished by two well differentiated layers, the stratum adiposum, containing prominent amounts of adipose tissue, which forms large, oblong compartments circumscribed by dense connective tissue, and the stratum compactum, which is rich in compacted collagen fibres. Compared with other catfish species the dermis thickness is considerably thicker ranging from 1.3 to 2.3 mm. The function of this type of skin is discussed.     

不同品种和年龄牛胆囊的比较组织学研究

通过对八例健康黄牛和健康小牛胆囊的比较组织学观察，我们发现，牛胆囊中以颈部粘膜皱臂明显，体部渐平坦，底部最少。粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，内有少量杯关细胞，大部分胆囊可见有淋巴滤泡，但是在血管周围未见淋巴和异染细胞的浸润，证明滤泡的形成与胆囊感洒无关。这种淋巴滤泡在黄牛胆囊中较多，水牛胆囊仅见一例。在黄牛和水牛胆囊中，均有腺体存在，黄牛的腺体明显多于水牛。腺体分为浆液腺、粘液腺和混合腺。老龄牛胆囊中腺     

Electron Microscopic Observation on the Structure of a Freshwater Teleost Dermis with Special Reference to the Dermo-epidermal Junction

An electronmicroscopic study of the dermis of the ventral skin of a fresh water teleost ( Pimelodus maculatus ) was examined with standard techniques. It was demonstrated that the dermal organization consists of a well developed basal membrane underlying the epidermis, and two collagenous layers (stratum compactum most superficially and stratum spongiosum, deep to it) which are separated by a layer of elastic connective tissue. Within the superficial layer melanocytes and iridophores were demonstrated.     

幼年牦牛不同部位皮肤毛囊的组织学结构及TGF-β2与HIF-1α差异性表达分析

旨在探究幼年牦牛皮肤毛囊的组织学结构和TGF-β2及HIF-1α对幼年牦牛皮肤毛囊生长发育的影响，选取10头健康幼年牦牛，采集其颈部、背部、胸部、腹部、小腿部、腋下及阴囊皮肤组织，制作石蜡切片后，采用HE和Sacpic染色，对各部位皮肤组织中毛囊进行观察和计数，并筛选出多毛及少毛部位。利用qRT-PCR、Western blot及免疫组织化学法对TGF-β2和HIF-1α在幼年牦牛多毛皮肤和少毛皮肤进行定位与定量的初步研究。结果表明，幼年牦牛皮肤的毛囊分布于真皮层，常与汗腺及皮脂腺伴行，毛髓质及内根鞘结构不完整。Sacpic染色可见毛囊内根鞘为红色，外根鞘为苍绿色，结缔组织鞘为蓝绿色。腹部皮肤的毛囊数量最多[（2 085±15）个·cm^-2]，阴囊数量最少[（158±15）个·cm^-2]。免疫组织化学结果显示，TGF-β2及HIF-1α主要表达在表皮层、毛囊外根鞘、皮脂腺及汗腺。TGF-β2在阴囊和腋下的mRNA转录水平和蛋白质表达水平均显著高于腹部和背部。HIF-1α在腹部的mRNA转录水平和蛋白质表达水平均显著高于其他三个部位。幼年牦牛的毛囊处于退行期，在腹部数量最多，背部次之，阴囊最少；TGF-β2和HIF-1α在不同部位皮肤中的表达水平存在显著差异，为进一步研究TGF-β2和HIF-1α对牦牛皮肤毛囊生长发育的影响提供理论依据。     

力克斯兔被毛生物学特性研究

力克斯兔的初级毛囊、次级毛囊于胚胎的18－24天先后出现，基皮肤表皮、真皮的发生与分化于胚胎的24天已基本完成，26胎龄时，初级毛囊结构分化完全，并可见到皮脂腺，26胎龄至仔兔出生，是表皮和毛囊分化出的各组成成分的进一步生长阶段。仔兔出生以后，皮肢表皮和毛囊的结构均无明显变化，但表皮厚度稍有增加、毛囊仍继续向真皮，只是远不及胚胎期迅速。表上的增长及毛囊的生长速度，在不同部位之间无显著差异，而不同胎龄（月龄）之间存在显著或极显著的差异。力克斯兔皮肤的毛囊群结构很有规律，每一毛囊群由2－6个扇形分布的亚毛囊群组成，每一亚毛囊群中又含有5－12个分生毛囊和衍生分生毛囊。力克斯兔出生以后，其衍生分生毛囊数的增加几科与体表面积的增大呈比例，致使各月龄之间毛囊密度无显著差异，但不同部位之间，毛囊密度差异显著。力克斯兔被毛因粗毛含量少、分布均匀、直径也小， 毛纤维短、细，且粗细毛长度一致，密度大、强度大、伸度小（与新西兰白兔比较），从而构成了力克斯兔被毛具有弹性强、柔软性好、平整、美观、经久耐磨等特征。通过扫描电镜及光学显微镜对力克斯兔、新西兰白名锿安哥拉兔三个不同类型的兔种的兔毛纤维鳞片排列形态及髓腔结构的观察，发现不同类型之间，鳞片的排列形态不同，但髓腔结构的差异不明显。     

Flavine, Oxidative and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity in the Skin of Sana, Togemburg and Balkan Engrafted Kid Breeds

Flavine, oxidative and hydrolite enzyme activity in the togenburg, sana and Balkan engrafted kid breeds, skin from the back, abdomen and leg areas was investigated. The strongest activity of the enzymes was found in the connective tissue, muscular tissue cells and sebaceous glands while the weaker activity was found in epidermis and hair folicul cells. Those are slight differences in the activity of the investigated enzymes among kid groups in the investigated part of the body.