牛布鲁菌病的诊断与治疗

牛布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的一种人畜共患慢性传染病。该病在我国各地均有发生,其临床特征是患病畜生殖器官和胎膜发炎,可引起流产、不育和各种组织的局部炎性病灶。该病一旦发生,治疗缓慢,治愈率低。大多数病畜只流产1次,以后不再有病症,呈隐性带菌状态,并向外界排菌,给人畜健康带来很大的危害,因此,做好牛布鲁菌病的诊断与防治,对减少人布鲁菌病的发生也具有十分重要的意义。     

牛乳样本中布鲁菌的核酸检测及风险评估

<正>布鲁菌病(Brucellosis)是由布鲁菌(Brucella)侵入机体引起的重要人畜共患病。该病广泛分布于世界各地,我国也有着广泛的流行区域,较为严重的是近年来布鲁菌病发病呈上升趋势[1]。据报道,截止2009年全国29个省(区、市)发生畜间布鲁菌病,牛、羊、猪感染达百万头之多,人间布鲁菌病2009年全年新增病例3.7万例,世界范围内每年出现约50万例人间布鲁菌病[2]。由于该病危害大、流行广,不仅影响畜     

主要国际组织在布鲁菌病防控方面的作用

布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌感染引起的一种危害严重的人兽共患病,该病可以造成动物的流产和不育,以及人类的波浪热。布鲁菌病在全球范围内流行,目前报道有布鲁菌病发生的国家和地区达到160多个。鉴于该病对畜牧业的发展和人类公共卫生安全的巨大威胁,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)、联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)等国际组织对布鲁菌的防控给予了广泛的重视。本文阐述了OIE、FAO和WHO等国际组织在布鲁菌病防控领域各自所发挥的作用,并针对布鲁菌病防控方面提出了我国未来参与国际合作的相关建议。     

江西省萍乡市某羊场布鲁菌病的流行病学分析

江西省萍乡市某山羊场妊娠母羊散发流产,为了分析该羊场流产的发生是否与布鲁菌感染有关,同时掌握该羊场布鲁菌病的流行情况,随机抽样采血共分离得到100份山羊血清,首先使用虎红平板凝集试验进行初步鉴定,然后通过试管凝集试验重新检测阳性血清。结果表明,该羊场布鲁菌病阳性率为20％。由此可以得出,该羊场的布鲁菌病防控工作存在较严重的问题,应制定有效的防治措施,将山羊布鲁菌病的检测纳入日常疾病监测工作中,最终达到净化该病的目的。     

布鲁菌病防控措施研究进展

布鲁菌(Brucella)病主要侵害生殖系统,引起母畜发生流产和公畜睾丸炎。是危害性极大的人畜共患病之一,不仅给畜牧业发展带来重大的经济损失,也给人的生命安全带来威胁,目前布鲁菌病无有效药物治疗,本文主要针对布鲁菌病综合防控进行介绍,并提出了相应的防控措施,以期为有效防控该病提供参考。     

羊布鲁菌病的危害及净化措施

布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的一种人畜共患传染病,一年四季均可发生,不仅对家畜和人类健康造成一定危害,还影响着畜牧业经济的快速发展,是目前世界性公共卫生问题。主要就布鲁菌病对人和家畜的危害及对我国社会经济的影响等方面进行概述,以期使人们认清该病的危害,以采取有效的监测和防控措施。     

加强不同层面群体的健康素养是防控布鲁菌病的关键

布鲁菌病的易感动物范围较广泛,主要的传播途径是消化道,人感染后则会严重影响生活质量,甚至丧失劳动能力。通过对布鲁菌病的深入研究和探索,充分地认识到加强防控布鲁菌病的重要性,提出加强不同层面群体对布鲁菌病的认识所形成的健康素养是防控和根除该病的关键。     

奶牛布鲁菌病的诊断与防治要点

从奶牛布鲁菌病的症状入手,探讨了该病的病原学和血清学诊断方法,认为奶牛养殖区应当从接种疫苗免疫、布鲁菌病定期检测、自繁自养、犊牛培养以及环境消毒等方面着手,做好奶牛布鲁菌病的防治工作,培育健康牛群。     

运用免疫组织化学法对绵羊布鲁菌病抗原的检测

布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌属的细菌引起的人畜共患传染病,目前仍是世界范围内严重的人畜共患传染病,主要感染反刍动物和人类。自20世纪90年代初,布鲁菌病在国内外都出现了回升势头。该病的病原是细胞内寄生的革兰阴性菌——布鲁菌(Brucel-     

布鲁菌病的流行特点及防控

<正>布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的多种动物和人共患的传染病。在多种动物中,以牛、羊、猪的布鲁菌病的病例较常见,而且可将该病传染给人和其他动物。以生殖器官和胎膜出现炎症,引起妊娠动物流产、不育和其他组织出现局部炎症病灶。该病呈世界性分布,近年来,随着全国畜牧业的不断发展,为布鲁菌     

Brucellosis knowledge and preventive practices among herders in Western Mongolia

Lack of knowledge regarding brucellosis may lead to highly risky practices. Among herders in Mongolia, little research was conducted assessing the extent of knowledge related to brucellosis, the type of preventive behaviours that were practiced, and the relationship between knowledge and behaviour regarding brucellosis. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in two provinces of Mongolia where herders were randomly selected to participate in the study. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. In total, 485 herders participated in the study. The results indicated that brucellosis preventive practices were significantly associated with sex, location, use of veterinary services, exposure to TV programs and knowledge of brucellosis. Regional disparities in knowledge and behaviour were observed in this research. Herders were more likely to engage in preventive practices if they had a higher level of knowledge of brucellosis. Findings from this research indicated that the effectiveness of incorporating health education through TV programs, as well as the importance of ensuring access to veterinary services in brucellosis prevention.     

奶山羊布鲁氏菌病抗原与抗体双检测的效果分析

为了有效检测净化奶山羊布鲁氏菌病群体,加快奶山羊产业健康稳步发展。本文采用布鲁氏菌病抗原与抗体双检测方法对陕西某奶山羊场进行了检测分析。结果表明,在某奶山羊场引入羊时,采用抗体单一检测发现全群228只羊感染了36只,感染率达到15.79%,发现感染后对本群感染羊进行了无害化处理和圈舍清洗消毒,3个月后对剩余的192只羊有进行了一次全群检测,结果检测出18只阳性羊,与上一次的净化方式一样处理后,同样又在3个月后对剩余的174只羊采用抗原与抗体双检测方法,布病抗体检测卡检测出8只羊,布病抗原检测卡检测出10只羊,而且用布病抗体检测卡和布病抗原检测卡检测出来的羊只编号完全不同,3个月后对剩余的156只羊进行同样的方法进行检测,结果仅检查出1只阳性羊,6个月后对剩余的155只羊进行同样的方法进行检测,未发现布病阳性羊只。利用抗原与抗体双检测继续在3个月、6个月进行检测均未发现阳性羊只。本试验得出结论,相比于抗体单一的布鲁氏菌病检测法,抗原抗体共同使用的检测方法布病阳性率明显的降低,且能短期内达到预期净化的效果,说明双抗使用在羊布鲁氏菌病检测中效果更好,更具有推广使用的意义。     

山西省大同市灵丘县养殖户布鲁菌病知识宣传干预调查

[目的]了解山西省大同市灵丘县养殖户对布鲁菌病相关知识知晓情况、可能的感染危险行为,为针对性开展布鲁菌病健康宣教提供参考。[方法]采用简单随机抽样方法,在灵丘县选取70户牛养殖户,通过设计的调查问卷对养殖户的布病防控知识和高危行为情况开展现状调查。[结果]在70名被调查对象中,有77.14%的养殖户没有对新购入牛进行单独饲喂的防疫隔离意识。有45.71%的养殖户对牛群未免疫布病疫苗。虽然灵丘县近年来多次开展过布鲁菌病的宣传干预,但该次调查结果显示,宣传干预仍有较大的改善空间。[结论]灵丘县养殖户对布鲁菌病的知识知晓率相对较高,但仍距离规划目标还存在较大差距,仍存在不小的感染布鲁菌病的风险。因此,在接下来的工作中应加强针对养殖户进行布鲁菌病宣传干预,提高该部分人群对布鲁菌病的防护意识。     

An overview of the epidemiology and epizootology of brucellosis in selected countries of Central and Southeast Europe

The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the epidemiologic and epizootic status of brucellosis in selected countries of Central and Southeast Europe (Balkan region). Based on dimension of the disease problem, there is a need to establish collaboration in the eradication and prevention of brucellosis between all countries in the region. Although there were no readily accessible data concerning epidemiology and epizootology of brucellosis in these countries, the limited official and published data were analyzed.

The incidence of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis in sheep, goats and humans is a very significant problem in Macedonia and Greece. In Greece, cattle are also affected either by B. melitensis or B. abortus. The disease is an endemic problem in some regions of Yugoslavia and includes B. suis biovar 2 in pigs and in Croatia, B. melitensis in sheep, goats and human is found occasionally. No problem appears to exist with brucellosis in Bulgaria.

Financial well-supported brucellosis control programs of the European Union that will include all countries, regardless of the magnitude of brucellosis incidence, are needed for eradication and control of brucellosis.     

云南建水地区2017-2019年牛羊布鲁氏菌病的流行病学调查分析

为了解建水地区近几年牛羊布鲁氏菌病的流行情况,采用虎红平板及试管凝集试验对2017-2019年期间采集的150份牛血清、450份羊血清进行检测,并对数据进行统计分析。结果显示,2017-2019年牛布鲁氏菌病的阳性率为0.67%,羊布鲁氏菌病的阳性率为0.22%。其中2017年牛羊布鲁氏菌病的阳性率均为0%;2018年牛羊布鲁氏菌病的阳性率均为0%;2019年牛羊布鲁氏菌病的阳性率分别为2%、0.67%。本研究为促进本地区畜牧业健康稳定发展、养殖户效益增收以及保障畜产品质量安全提供了参考依据。     

Epidemiology and control of brucellosis in China

The paper describes the history and evolvement of brucellosis in China. It presents the variation of epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, application of vaccines and control in brief. Before 1980s, human and animal brucellosis was quite severe; during 1980s, the incidence of human and animal brucellosis was relatively low, and seemed to decrease during the decade. During 1990s, there were no obvious changes in the incidence of animal brucellosis, but the incidence of human brucellosis increased, especially from 1995 to 2001. There are not only some common characteristics but also some differences in brucellosis epidemiology relative to that reported in the rest of the world. For the entire country, B. melitensis was the predominant strain associated with outbreaks, and the epidemic peak is from February to June. Several Brucella vaccines have been used in China for prevention and control of brucellosis. such as B. abortus 104 M in humans, B. suis S2 in animals. The introduction of comprehensive measures has allowed great progress in the prevention and control of brucellosis in China. Surveillance points were set-up countrywide to estimate the epidemic situation. In addition, we discussed the new characteristics of brucellosis in China, the influence of the El Nino phenomenon on brucellosis epidemic situation, the phenomenon of antigenic interference between Brucella species and some disadvantages of live Brucella vaccines.     

绥德县1996年-2008年布鲁菌病监测分析

通过对绥德县1996年-2008年畜间布鲁菌病血检情况的分析,得出绥德县从1996年暴发人畜间布病后,经过12年的艰苦防治,取得了一定成绩,畜间布鲁菌病阳性率明显下降.并结合人间布鲁菌病发病情况,提出今后布鲁菌病综合防控的建议.     

Use of the brucellosis card test for screening cattle in Saskatchewan.

One group of 28,714 bovine sera were tested by both the brucellosis tube serum agglutination test and the brucellosis card test. The tube serum agglutination test confirmed 99.8% of the negative brucellosis card test results. The brucellosis card test identified 63% of the tube serum agglutination test reactors. In a second group of 496 sera reacting to either the tube serum agglutination test, complement fixation test, plate serum agglutination test or acid antigen serum agglutination test the brucellosis card test identified 99.1% of the complement fixation test positive sera and 91.3% of the sera reacting to any of the other serological tests. The brucellosis card test showed satisfactory agreement with both the complement fixation test and tube serum agglutination test. It appears to be a useful screening test in operations involving large numbers of animals since under these conditions the reactors can be quickly identified and isolated.     

Brucellosis seroprevalence in livestock in Uganda from 1998 to 2008: a retrospective study

A total of 17,359 samples were analysed serologically, of which 1,061, 15,758 and 585 samples were from Makerere, Entebbe and Tororo laboratories, respectively, were used to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 10% while from individual laboratories was 38%, 32% and 7% for Makerere, Entebbe and Tororo laboratories, respectively. Majority of these positive brucellosis test results were in the cattle corridor with P value = 0.399. There were significant differences in brucellosis seroprevalence among species (P value = 0.014). The trends of brucellosis seroprevalence among the different species were decreasing with time but were highest in bovine species (P value = 0.043). Brucellosis seroprevalence had a bimodal monthly pattern corresponding with rainfall. The study showed that brucellosis was prevalent, though the trend of the disease has declined over years. It was recommended that regular disease surveillance, control programmes and further studies be carried out in the country.     

Effectiveness of the surface fixation test in the diagnosis of brucellosis in hares

In the course of two years the reliability of surface fixation test was tested in the diagnostics of hare brucellosis on 961 hare blood samples taken during chases at chosen localities of the Olomouc district. Out of 33 serologically positive hares, 29 reacting ones were subjected to complex laboratory examination for brucellosis. In all cases brucellosis was confirmed patho-anatomically, by cultivation in 78.95% of bacteriologically examined hares and in the rest cases by bioassay on guinea-pigs. The results have confirmed that the surface fixation test represents a highly effective method for the reliable serological diagnostics of hare brucellosis.