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1.
Small electrolytic lesions were made through electrodes in the thalamus of cats at sites where electrical stimulation elicited attack on a rat. Staining by modified Nauta reduced silver methods revealed that significant degeneration passed caudally from the lesions and entered the midbrain dorsal central gray region. Electrical stimulation of this dorsal midbrain region elicited attack on a rat, and destruction of this region suppressed the attack elicited by thalamic stimulation. 相似文献
2.
Single neurons in the midbrain tegmentum of rats showed clear discriminatory responses to three tones announcing either food or water or no reinforcement. Subjects were required to press a single lever and remain motionless for 2 seconds during which time unit activity from several brain sites was recorded. One of the tones, randomly designated, was sounded halfway through this period. Manipulation of drive states revealed that the highest activity was associated with tones announcing the reinforcement for which the animal was most strongly motivated. Thus, from a hungry animal sustained or increased firing rates were elicited by a " food" tone and differentially lowered rates by the other tones. 相似文献
3.
彭克美 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》1989,(2):19-26
采用HRP法,对54例北京鸭分别在脊髓的颈中部、颈膨大部、腰膨大部单侧注射或包埋HRP,兰色反应显色。逆行追踪了54例北京鸭,对脑干网状脊髓束的起源及其细胞构筑进行了研究。发现网状脊髓束不仅起于延髓和脑桥内侧网状结构的大细胞部,同时还起于外侧网状结构的小细胞部和中脑网状结构。标记细胞呈双侧性分布,同侧多于对侧。其结果为生理学研究提供了可靠的形态学依据。 相似文献
4.
采用HRP法,分别在北京鸭脊髓的颈中部、颈膨大部、腰膨大部单侧注射或包埋HRP,蓝色反应显色。逆行追踪了54例北京鸭,对脑干网状脊髓束的起源及其细胞构筑进行了研究。发现网状脊髓束不仅起于延髓和脑桥内侧网状结构的大细胞部,同时还起于外侧网状结构的小细胞部和中脑网状结构。标记细胞呈双侧性分布,同侧多于对侧。其结果为生理学和药理学提供了可靠的形态依据。 相似文献
5.
Small electrolytic lesions were made in cats through electrodes, which, when stimulated, elicited either quiet biting attack or affective paw strike attack upon rats. The Nauta method for impregnating degenerating axoplasm was used to reveal that degeneration resulting from lesions at quiet attack sites followed largely along the course of the medial forebrain bundle, while the degeneration after lesions of affective attack sites was concentrated more heavily in the periventricular system. 相似文献
6.
Activation of pontine cholinergic sites implicated in unconsciousness following cerebral concussion in the cat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R L Hayes C M Pechura Y Katayama J T Povlishock M L Giebel D P Becker 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,223(4633):301-303
Low levels of cerebral concussion in the cat produce reversible behavioral suppression presumably associated with unconsciousness. This injury is also associated with increased rates of glucose utilization in regions within the dorsomedial pontine tegmentum. Microinjection of carbachol into these regions produced behavioral suppression resembling that following concussion. These data, together with previously published observations on cholinergic responses to brain injury, suggest that concussive unconsciousness may be attributable in part to activation of cholinergic pontine sites. 相似文献
7.
Cells related to fighting behavior recorded from midbrain central gray neuropil of cat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D B Adams 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,159(817):894-896
Cells were recorded in the midbrain central gray neuropil of the cat that responded with action potentials only during fighting behavior and not while the cat was resting or while control manipulations were performed. Some other cells in the same region responded maximally during fighting, and all cells responded to at least one manipulation. Brain stimulation at sites of cells related to fighting caused the animals to hiss. 相似文献
8.
Firing patterns of single neurons in the hypothalamus, preoptic area, midbrain reticular system, and hippocampus of awake, freely moving female rats were temporally correlated with exploratory sniffing and vibrissa twitching, feeding, lordosis, locomotion, and (or) arousal. These relationships were remarkably stable during continuous observations lasting many hours. During extended periods when certain of these movements were not performed, the correlated neurons showed no action potentials for minutes at a time. Electrical stimulation at certain recording sites elicited behavior patterns whose spontaneous occurrence was accompanied by neuronal activation. Self-stimulation was elicited from sites spontaneously activated during exploratory behavior. 相似文献
9.
Generation of torsional and vertical eye position signals by the interstitial nucleus of Cajal 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The neural integrator, which converts eye velocity signals into position signals, is central to oculomotor theory. Similar integrators are probably necessary in any neural system that changes and maintains muscular tension. The integrator for horizontal eye position is in the pons, but the locations of the vertical and torsional integrators have not been clearly defined. Recording three-dimensional eye movements in alert monkeys during microstimulation and pharmacological inactivation of midbrain sites showed that the interstitial nucleus of Cajal generates both the torsional and vertical eye position signals. Up and down signals are linked with clockwise signals in the right brain and counterclockwise signals in the left brain. This three-dimensional coordinate system achieves orthogonality and bilateral symmetry without redundancy and optimizes energy efficiency for horizontal visual scanning. 相似文献
10.
Little is known about the neural mechanisms controlling head posture and why they fail in clinical syndromes like torticollis. It is well established, however, that the brain controls eye position by integrating eye velocity commands. By electrically stimulating and reversibly inactivating midbrain sites in the head-free (nonimmobilized) monkey, we found that the interstitial nucleus of Cajal functions as a neural integrator for head posture. We suggest that a bilateral imbalance in this structure, through either direct damage or inappropriate input, could be one of the mechanisms underlying torticollis. 相似文献
11.
Aist JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,197(4303):568-571
Localized, paramural wall appositions resembling appositions commonly induced by fungal attack, were induced in kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. gongyloides) by mechanical wounding (bending) of the root hairs before the hairs were inoculated with zoospores of a compatible parasitic fungus. The appositions were effective in preventing fungal penetration at the wound sites, which shows that wall appositions can prevent fungal ingress into plant cells. 相似文献
12.
Electrical stimulation of the midbrain raphé, an area in which neuronal perikarya containing serotonin are aggregated, produces an increase in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and a decrease in serotonin in the forebrain. These changes indicate that serotonin in the brain can be released via a specific neural pathway, namely, the system of axons projecting into the forebrain from serotonin-containing neurons in the midbrain raphé. 相似文献
13.
文章对密码学中的几种主要形式化攻击模型进行了讨论与分析对比,并举例说明了不可区分选择明文攻击模型、不可区分选择密文攻击模型和不可区分适应性选择密文攻击模型的具体应用,为可证明安全性理论设计和分析密码协议提供了理论基础. 相似文献
14.
A neural map of auditory space in the owl 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Auditory units that responded to sound only when it originated from a limited area of space were found in the lateral and anterior portions of the midbrain auditory nucleus of the owl (Tyto alba). The areas of space to which these units responded (their receptive fields) were largely independent of the nature and intensity of the sound stimulus. The units were arranged systematically within the midbrain auditory nucleus according to the relative locations of their receptive fields, thus creating a physiological map of auditory space. 相似文献
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16.
The placement of melatonin and of 5-hydroxytryptophol in the median eminence of castrated male rats is followed 5 days later by a significant decrease in pituitary stores of luteinizing hormone. Pituitary reserve of this hormone is also depleted after the implantation of melatonin, 5-hydroxytryptophol, and 5-methoxytryptophol in the reticular formation of the midbrain. It is suggested that these indole compounds, which are normally synthesized in the pineal gland, may intervene in the control of the secretion of luteinizing hormone, possibly by acting on specific receptors localized in the median eminence and in the midbrain. 相似文献
17.
Pulmonary metastases were counted 10 days after female rats received tail-vein injections of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells. Previous observations that halothane anesthesia plus hind-limb amputation increases the number of metastases were confirmed. Amputation under the analgesia of electrical stimulation of the midbrain was found to increase metastatic activity. However, the stimulus-produced analgesia alone also increased the number of metastases. Systemically administered naloxone blocked the analgesic effect of midbrain stimulation but did not block the increase in the number of pulmonary metastases. 相似文献
18.
A MicroRNA feedback circuit in midbrain dopamine neurons 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Kim J Inoue K Ishii J Vanti WB Voronov SV Murchison E Hannon G Abeliovich A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5842):1220-1224
19.
Cognet L Tsyboulski DA Rocha JD Doyle CD Tour JM Weisman RB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5830):1465-1468
Single-molecule chemical reactions with individual single-walled carbon nanotubes were observed through near-infrared photoluminescence microscopy. The emission intensity within distinct submicrometer segments of single nanotubes changed in discrete steps after exposure to acid, base, or diazonium reactants. The steps were uncorrelated in space and time and reflected the quenching of mobile excitons at localized sites of reversible or irreversible chemical attack. Analysis of step amplitudes revealed an exciton diffusional range of about 90 nanometers, independent of nanotube structure. Each exciton visited about 10,000 atomic sites during its lifetime, providing highly efficient sensing of local chemical and physical perturbations. 相似文献
20.
Hippocampal synchronization during aversive dorsal midbrain stimulation was observed in rats both in a conditioning procedure and under d-tubo-curarine paralysis. The results restrict the generality of previous reports which correlated hippocampal synchronization and desynchronization with approach and withdrawal behavior, respectively. Relative to the condition of free movement, curarization reduced the frequency of both "spontaneous" and dorsal midbrain-evoked synchronization, thus suggesting possible direct and indirect effects of d-tubocurarine on subcortical structures. 相似文献