水分胁迫对番茄种子萌发及幼根发育的影响

用聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟水分胁迫条件(0、-0.2、 -0. 3、-0. 5、-0.6、-0.8、-1.0 MPa),对10个番茄品种进行发芽试验,研究渗透胁迫对番茄种子萌发及幼根发育的影响。结果显示, 渗透势越低,对种子发芽的胁迫程度越大,在-0.5、-0.6、-0.8、-1.0 MPa 处理下所有供试品种的种子均不能发芽。在0、-0.2、-0.3 MPa 处理下,发芽率、发芽势及幼根发育均受到不同程度的抑制。在供试番茄品种中,石红59号、IVF3155、屯河5501、IVF6172具有较强的耐干旱胁迫能力。     

PEG胁迫对沙冬青种子萌发过程的影响

采用PEG—6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫,设计5%、10%、15%、20%、25%五种浓度梯度,对应渗透势-0.054,-0.177,-0.393,-0.735,-1.25 MPa,探讨了渗透胁迫对沙冬青种子萌发过程的影响和其萌发幼苗中可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量及保护性酶SOD、POD、CAT等变化规律。结果表明,随胁迫程度加深,沙冬青种子的发芽率逐渐降低,死亡率逐渐升高,幼苗鲜重出现不同程度的降低。相对电导率和丙二醛含量随胁迫加深逐渐上升。可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量的变化趋势一致,均为先增加(5%~15%)后降低(20%和25%)。SOD、POD、CAT活性先上升后下降,PEG15%时,幼苗生长受阻,PEG浓度≥20%时,幼苗生长受到严重影响。     

聚乙二醇（PEG6000）模拟干旱胁迫抑制矮沙冬青种子的萌发

本研究以新疆特有濒危保护植物矮沙冬青（Ammmopiptanthus nanus（M．Pop．）Chengf）的种子为材料,用不同渗透势浓度的聚乙二醇（PEG6000）模拟干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对矮沙冬青种子发芽率、平均发芽速度、胚轴和胚根长度及发芽指数、活力指数的影响。结果表明,不同浓度PEG胁迫处理均降低了种子的发芽率,延缓了矮沙冬青种了萌发进程;种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均随胁迫强度的增加呈明显下降趋势。当-1．20MPa的PEG胁迫处理的种子在试验结束时仍未能萌发,表明-1．20MPa是矮沙冬青种子萌发的临界水势。PEG模拟十旱胁迫中,当PEG处理为-0．2MPa时,虽然最终发芽率与对照一样,但其胚根、胚轴的长度都比对照短,说明矮沙冬青胚根、胚轴的生长比发芽率对干旱胁迫更敏感。干旱胁迫可能是导致矮沙冬青种群天然更新能力弱的原因之一。本研究将为矮沙冬青种质资源的保护和种群的恢复提供科学依据。     

沙蒿种子萌发对NaCl及聚乙二醇胁迫的响应

[目的]研究在盐分以及干旱胁迫条件下沙蒿种子的萌发能力,为沙蒿的人工培育和栽种提供参考依据。[方法]以沙蒿种子为试验材料,使用不同浓度的NaCl溶液(0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,1.4%,1.6%,1.8%)和聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液(5%,10%,15%,20%,25%)模拟盐分以及干旱对种子的胁迫条件,测定种子萌发初期的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数。[结果]当NaCl浓度≤0.6%时,上述指标与对照组相比未发生显著变化;但当溶液浓度高于这一范围时,各项指标则随浓度升高而显著降低;说明NaCl溶液浓度为0.6%是种子正常萌发的适宜浓度界限。当PEG浓度≤15%时,沙蒿种子的上述指标与对照组相比未发生显著变化;但当PEG浓度高于15%时,种子各项指标与对照组相比则显著降低;说明PEG浓度为15%是种子正常萌发的适宜浓度界限。[结论]沙蒿种子对轻、中度的盐分及干旱胁迫表现出耐受性,在含盐量较低的土壤以及轻、中度的干旱环境中仍可正常萌发。     

模拟干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子萌发的影响

为研究干旱和盐碱胁迫对碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)种子萌发的影响,比较碱蓬和盐地碱蓬逆境生理特性的异同,本研究利用PEG6000、NaCl和Na_2CO_3分别模拟干旱、盐和碱胁迫,配制相同渗透势的PEG6000、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理液,以蒸馏水处理为对照,对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发与胚的生长进行比较研究。结果表明:1)低渗处理(-0.46 MPa)对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发无显著影响;高渗处理(-1.38MPa、-1.84 MPa)抑制碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的萌发。2)当溶液渗透势相等时,NaCl处理下碱蓬种子的萌发率显著大于PEG、Na_2CO_3处理;而等渗PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理对盐地碱蓬种子萌发率的影响无显著差异。3)PEG、NaCl、Na_2CO_3处理组碱蓬、盐地碱蓬种子的最终萌发率与对照无显著差异。4)在幼苗形成阶段,PEG、Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的抑制作用显著大于等渗NaCl处理。5)碱蓬、盐地碱蓬胚的生长对NaCl、Na_2CO_3胁迫的响应存在差异。-0.92 MPa NaCl处理抑制碱蓬胚的生长,却对盐地碱蓬产生促进作用;-0.46 MPa Na_2CO_3处理对碱蓬胚的抑制作用小于盐地碱蓬。综合分析表明:碱蓬、盐地碱蓬均具有很强的抗盐性。在种子萌发阶段,碱蓬种子的抗旱、抗碱能力低于盐地碱蓬;在幼苗形成阶段,碱蓬胚的抗盐性小于盐地碱蓬,但对轻度碱胁迫的抗性高于盐地碱蓬。     

湿地松种子萌发对模拟水分胁迫的响应

采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)高渗溶液人工模拟水分胁迫,研究湿地松(Pinus elliottii)种子对水分胁迫的生态响应。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加重,湿地松种子的萌发率、相对萌发率、发芽势、发芽指数、幼苗高度、根长与生物量等指标均呈现不同程度的下降趋势;通过建立水分胁迫与种子萌发率的回归方程,求解得出湿地松种子萌发的耐旱临界值是-0.68MPa,耐旱极限值是-1.14MPa;水分胁迫对湿地松种子萌发初期影响较大,会延迟其萌发时间,分别为1～8d不等;幼苗的根系在轻中度水分胁迫下生长较为稳定,表现出对干旱的适应性;水势为-0.8MPa时湿地松种子进入浅度休眠状态来适应干旱环境,通过建立水势与生物量的回归方程预测在-1.07MPa下湿地松生物量降至为0。     

苦豆子和披针叶黄华种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应

以采集于河西走廊中部荒漠边缘的苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides L.)和披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolate L.)种子为试验材料, 以不同渗透势PEG-6000 溶液模拟干旱条件, 研究了2 种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征。研究结果显示, 随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧, 2 种植物种子吸胀速率、萌发率、萌发指数、活力指数、苗高、根长和组织饱和含水量等指标均表现出明显降低趋势, 而幼苗干重、根干重和根冠比均呈先升后降趋势。2 种植物种子萌发对干旱胁迫均较为敏感, 苦豆子和披针叶黄华种子能够萌发的最低渗透势阈值分别为-0.65 MPa 和-0.42 MPa。2 种植物因干旱胁迫未能萌发的种子复水后萌发率均较高。分析认为, 2 种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征对幼苗的成功定植和种群的自然更新具有重要生态学意义, 但在人工栽培时保证土壤墒情应是保障建植成功的关键措施。     

不同引发剂处理对水分胁迫下小麦发芽及幼苗生理特性的影响

为了解不同引发处理对水分胁迫下小麦萌发特性的生理机制差异,以半冬性小麦品种周麦18为试验材料,分别用H2O、0.25μM茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)、20%聚乙二醇(PEG)、0.25μM Me JA+20%PEG引发处理6、12、18、24 h,然后在浓度为15%的PEG溶液中进行发芽试验,并测定幼苗生理指标。结果表明,4种引发剂处理均能显著提高小麦种子在水分胁迫下的发芽特性,促进幼苗生长,其中H2O和Me JA均在引发处理12 h效果最好,而PEG和Me JA+PEG均在引发处理18 h效果最好。在最佳引发时间条件下,4种引发处理均能显著降低小麦幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量,加速小麦种子内部碳水化合物代谢,提高渗透调节物质含量;同时,显著提高酶促抗氧化系统的活性,有利于水分胁迫下小麦的生长。因此,适当的引发处理能增强水分胁迫下小麦种子的萌发能力,维持膜系统的稳定性,增强渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力,保证生物量的积累。本研究结果为旱地小麦栽培提供了理论依据。     

干旱胁迫对窄叶鲜卑花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

[目的]研究干旱胁迫对窄叶鲜卑花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为野生种驯化和种群恢复提供参考。[方法]以窄叶鲜卑花种子为实验材料,采用不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫环境,研究干旱协迫强度对窄叶鲜卑花种子的吸胀速率、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和种子抗旱萌发指数及幼苗生长情况的影响。[结果]随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,窄叶鲜卑花种子的吸水过程表现出急速吸水期、缓慢上升期和吸水平稳期3个阶段;其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和种子抗旱萌发指数及苗高、根长,苗重与胁迫强度均呈负相关;当PEG浓度达30%时,种子萌发完全被抑制。另一方面,种子群体萌动、萌发和出苗达50%所需时间随胁迫强度的增加而越发延迟,且各阶段对环境临界水势要求不同,出苗阶段最为严格,表明种子出苗过程对环境水分胁迫较为敏感,耐旱能力较弱。[结论]干旱胁迫显著抑制了窄叶鲜卑花种子的萌发和幼苗生长,也说明水分是窄叶鲜卑花种子萌发和幼苗形成的主导因素之一,在较干旱地区种植需要考虑水分的供给。     

黑果枸杞种子萌发对PEG模拟干旱胁迫的响应

[目的]研究干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为黑果枸杞人工栽培提供理论依据。[方法]通过聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)模拟干旱胁迫,测定不同干旱胁迫强度下黑果枸杞种子的萌发进程、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗的生长、幼苗渗透调节物质、叶绿素含量等指标,研究干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。[结果]干旱胁迫不利于黑果枸杞种子的萌发,重度干旱胁迫推迟其萌发的高峰期;干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞种子的发芽率、发芽势均呈下降趋势,-0.6 MPa处理下,黑果枸杞种子发芽率、发芽势相对对照分别降低72.06%和74.07%;干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子发芽指数和活力指数有抑制作用,其抑制程度随干旱胁迫强度的增加而增加;适度干旱胁迫有利于黑果枸杞幼苗胚根和胚芽的生长,而中度、重度干旱胁迫不利于幼苗胚芽的生长;干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗根、芽脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量均随着胁迫程度的增加逐渐增加,而幼苗叶绿素含量(Chl a+b)随干旱胁迫强度的增加逐渐降低。[结论]干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长有重要影响,适度的干旱胁迫有利于黑果枸杞幼苗的生长。     

Seed Treatment to Overcome Salt and Drought Stresses During Germination in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Although safflower is drought and salt tolerant, it is susceptible to drought and salinity at the germination and seedling stages. Priming techniques have been used to overcome salinity and drought tolerance at germination stage. Osmopriming potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and hydropriming were used to determine drought [by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 at water potentials of 0, ?0.3 and ?0.6 MPa] and salt electrical conductivity (EC) (values of the sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions were 0, 6 and 12 ds.m^?1) tolerance of primed seeds of safflower. Germination index, shoot/root ration, germination uniformity, days to 50% germination (D50) and abnormal germination percentage were measured. Treatment 0f seeds with hydropriming increased germination index, shoot/root ration and germination uniformity, while decrease days to 50% germination under salt and water stress. Seed treated with KNO₃ reduced abnormal germination percentage in salt stress. KNO₃ improved germination uniformity and germination index of the low water potentials. As salinity increased, germination index and shoot/root ration were decreased, while germination uniformity, days to 50% germination and abnormal germination percentage were increased. Hydropriming enhanced germination under both salt and drought stresses and non-stress conditions. Therefore, hydropriming could be used to improved seed performance of safflower under saline and drought stress. This treatment dose not needs expensive chemicals or sophisticated equipment.     

COMPARISON OF OSMOTIC REGULATION IN DEHYDRATION- AND SALINITY-STRESSED SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS

Plant dry matter accumulation rate (DMAR), relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage percentage (ELP), chlorophyll content, osmotic adjustment ability (OAA), and osmotica accumulation in leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings under different levels of dehydration and salinity stress induced by iso-osmotic PEG (polyethylene glycol) or sodium chloride (NaCl) were evaluated. Plants were subjected to four stress treatments for 10 days: ?0.44 MPa PEG6000, ?0.44 MPa NaCl, ?0.88 MPa PEG6000, ?0.88 MPa NaCl. Results showed that PEG and NaCl treatments decreased the plant's DMAR and RWC, and NaCl treatments had more severe inhibitory effect on the plants than PEG treatments. Leaf ELP in sunflower seedlings increased after NaCl and PEG treatments. However, leaf ELP under salt stress was higher than that under dehydration stress (PEG treatment). All stress treatments increased OAA in plant leaves. Leaf OAA was enhanced significantly as PEG concentration increases, while leaf OAA was less enhanced at higher concentration of NaCl. OAA of sunflower leaves under dehydration stress was due to an increase in potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), amino acid, organic acid, magnesium (Mg²⁺), and proline content. OAA of sunflower leaves under moderate salt stress was owing to an increase in K⁺, chlorine (Cl^?), amino acid, organic acid, sodium (Na⁺), and proline content, and was mainly due to an accumulation of K⁺, Cl^?, Na⁺, and proline under severe salt stress.     

种子引发对NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗生理特性的影响

以耐盐性强的晋农207和耐盐性弱的运麦218两个冬小麦品种种子为试材,用20%的PEG及100mmol/L的KNO3水溶液对种子进行引发处理.研究模拟NaCl胁迫环境下引发处理对小麦种子发芽、幼苗耐盐性及幼苗生理特性的影响.结果表明:两种引发处理不同程度地提高了2个品种小麦的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数;使2个小...     

植被混凝土盐分胁迫对多花木蓝种子萌发的影响

用不同浓度的单盐NaCl和植被混凝土混合盐溶液分别处理多花木蓝种子,以研究不同盐分处理对护坡植物多花木蓝种子萌发的影响。结果表明:多花木蓝种子在蒸馏水中萌发率最高,随着盐浓度的增加,种子萌发率降低,种子中的丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,但植被混凝土混合盐对多花木蓝种子萌发的抑制作用低于单盐NaCl。     

盐分胁迫对林木种子发芽率的影响研究

试验研究盐分胁迫对林木种子发芽率的影响结果表明 ,NaCl和NaCl KCl 2种盐分对林木种子发芽率和苗木生长均有一定抑制作用 ;随盐分浓度的提高而发芽率逐渐下降 ,幼苗生长呈相同趋势。与复合盐分相比 ,单一盐分对种子发芽和苗木生长抑制作用更强 ,表明K 可一定程度缓解Na 的危害 ,并提出耐盐指数概念     

盐胁迫下马蔺的生理反应研究

Chinese iris （Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis （Fisch） Koidz.）, a robust iridaceous plant, is widespread in arid and semiarid regions with high salinity. However, the mechanism of its salt tolerance is not well understood. In this study, plant growth, water status, content and distribution of inorganic ions, cell membrane permeability, and proline content of I. laetea under salt stress were investigated using nutrient solutions with six NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 350 mmol L^-1. The results indicated that the biomass, height, fresh weight, K^＋ content, and K^＋/Na^＋ and Ca^2＋/Na^＋ ratios decreased with increasing NaCl stress, whereas plant water deficit and contents of Na^＋ and Cl- increased with increasing NaCl stress. In all salt treatments, water deficit of shoots was found to be higher than that of roots and had a positive correlation with salt concentration. When the NaCl concentration was less than 280 mmol L^-1, the ion absorption selectivity ratio and the transportation selectivity ratio sharply increased with increasing NaCl stress. Under medium salt stress, I. lactea exhibited a strong K^＋ selective absorption and the transportation of K^＋ from roots to shoots increased, whereas Na^＋ was not transported and was mostly retained in roots. The plants were able to maintain osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of Na^＋, Cl-, and proline. On the basis of its biomass production under salt stress, I. lactea could be considered as a facultative halophyte.