水貂血液阿留申病病毒及其抗体的检测与分析

为了确定鉴定阿留申病的适宜方法,尤其在阿留申病毒高感染貂场,本试验联合应用对流免疫电泳(CIEP)和PCR方法,对1个貂场连续2年于11¹2月间检测1次貂血液的阿留申病毒及其抗体。用CIEP检测产仔(断乳成活数≥5只/窝)母貂及其仔貂。通过比较貂群的检测结果来分析2种检测方法鉴别阿留申病貂的适用性。2次检测结果显示各貂群CIEP阳性率为60%12月间检测1次貂血液的阿留申病毒及其抗体。用CIEP检测产仔(断乳成活数≥5只/窝)母貂及其仔貂。通过比较貂群的检测结果来分析2种检测方法鉴别阿留申病貂的适用性。2次检测结果显示各貂群CIEP阳性率为60%⁹7%,PCR阳性率为20%97%,PCR阳性率为20%⁶3%,水貂的CIEP与PCR检测阳性结果不完全匹配。根据CIEP和PCR联合检测结果,貂群被分为4个群体CIEP+PCR+、CIEP-PCR-、CIEP-PCR+和CIEP+PCR-。2次检测的CIEP+PCR-貂在当年母貂中分别占48%、39%,在老母貂中分别占43%、77%,在公貂中分别占21%、51%。2次检测的CIEP+PCR-貂在貂群所占比例大,而CIEP-PCR-和CIEP-PCR+貂在貂群中所占比例小。公貂、老母貂经PCR阳性淘汰间隔1年再次检测,CIEP+PCR-貂在群体中比例明显提高。产仔263%,水貂的CIEP与PCR检测阳性结果不完全匹配。根据CIEP和PCR联合检测结果,貂群被分为4个群体CIEP+PCR+、CIEP-PCR-、CIEP-PCR+和CIEP+PCR-。2次检测的CIEP+PCR-貂在当年母貂中分别占48%、39%,在老母貂中分别占43%、77%,在公貂中分别占21%、51%。2次检测的CIEP+PCR-貂在貂群所占比例大,而CIEP-PCR-和CIEP-PCR+貂在貂群中所占比例小。公貂、老母貂经PCR阳性淘汰间隔1年再次检测,CIEP+PCR-貂在群体中比例明显提高。产仔2⁴年龄母貂有72%4年龄母貂有72%⁸0%CIEP+貂,而其60日龄仔貂仅有11%80%CIEP+貂,而其60日龄仔貂仅有11%¹6%CIEP+貂。结果分析指出,中国阿留申病病毒高感染率养殖貂群不适宜单纯采用CIEP检测淘汰阳性貂净化阿留申病。发现每年11至12月用CIEP和PCR联合检测貂血样,易检出CIEP+PCR-的潜在阿留申病毒感染康复貂。     

Oxidative stress parameters in bitches with mammary gland tumours

The aim of the present study was to describe some of the oxidative stress parameters in bitches suffering from spontaneously occurring mammary gland tumours. The experiment involved 28 bitches which had mammary gland tumours removed surgically (15 bitches with malignant tumour and 13 with benign tumour) as well as 10 clinically healthy bitches. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in haemolysates of erythrocytes derived from the animals. The concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as -SH groups, were determined in blood plasma. GSH-Px activity was significantly higher in the malignant tumour group than in healthy animals. SOD activity was significantly higher in animals with tumours compared with the control group. Activities of both enzymes were higher in animals with malignant tumours than in benign groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The concentrations of TBARS and -SH groups were similar in all examined groups. The increase of antioxidative enzyme activities in these animals may suggest the activation of antioxidative defence mechanisms in mammary gland carcinogenesis. Moreover, it might indicate the participation of oxidative stress in malignancies. Further experiments involving more animals, with more frequent sample collection and the use of other oxidative stress markers are necessary.     

氧化应激与疾病

2．4胎衣不下（RIM） 该症是导致抗氧化状况衰竭的第一步。奶牛RFM可引起子宫内膜炎、连续的卵巢周期延误、妊娠推迟等系列损失。     

氧化应激与疾病

饲料对动物的作用之一就是通过各组分的氧化提供代谢能,为在细胞线粒体中有效产生能量,每种动物均需要氧气。但氧是一种诱变气体,具有毒性,细胞的过量氧化,会导致系列非传染性病或恶化传染性病。因动物已建立了各种抗氧化体系,且饲料也是重要的抗氧化剂来源,故动物可生活在氧气环境中。因此在饲料与宿主之间还需调控氧化应激。     

Oxidative stress indices in gastroenteritis in dogs with canine parvoviral infection

Gastroenteritis of viral origin has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs during the last two decades. Amongst the viral etiologies responsible for gastroenteritis in dogs, canine parvovirus (CPV) is considered as the most pathogenic. The disease is characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis, bloody diarrhoea and myocarditis in young pups. The present study was carried out to examine alterations in oxidative stress indices in the erythrocytes from dogs suffering from gastroenteritis with or without canine parvoviral infection as confirmed by CPV-DNA amplification from faeces using specific primers for CPV-2 as well as CPV-2a and CPV-2b variants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The present investigation utilized clinical cases of dogs with signs of acute diarrhea (n = 56), and 14 more apparently healthy dogs of similar age group. Erythrocytic oxidative stress indices such as lipid peroxides level and antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and blood micro-mineral (iron, copper, cobalt and zinc) status were analyzed in each dog (n = 70). The acute cases of gastroenteritis in dogs were associated with altered erythrocytic lipid peroxidation as evident by estimation of malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration. The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, the first line of antioxidant defense against damaging effects of free radicals, were also altered. The alterations in oxidative stress indices were more pronounced in cases with involvement of canine parvovirus as compared to parvo-negative cases. Our results also revealed decreased blood zinc level in diarrhoea in dogs irrespective of involvement of canine parvovirus.     

SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks,associated zoonotic concerns,and importance of the One Health approach during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now affected over 72.5 million people worldwide, with nearly 1.6 million deaths reported globally as of December 17, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated to have originated from bats and pangolins, and its intermediate animal hosts are being investigated. Crossing of the species barrier and exhibition of zoonosis have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 in farm (minks), domesticated (cats and dogs), and wild animals (tigers, puma, and lions). Recently, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in mink farms, which led to the death of a myriad minks. The clinical and pathological findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the rapid animal-to-animal transmission in minks are almost similar to the findings observed in patients with COVID-19. Additionally, the rapid virus transmission among minks and the associated mutations resulted in a new mink-associated variant that was identified in both minks and humans, thereby providing evidence of mink-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The new mink-associated SARS-CoV-2 variant with a possible reduced sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies poses serious risks and is expected to have a direct effect on the diagnostic techniques, therapeutics, and vaccines that are currently under development. This article highlights the current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, and provides an understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in minks and the associated zoonotic concerns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from minks to humans with an emphasis on appropriate mitigation measures and on the necessity of adopting the One Health approach during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Oxidative stress in the erythrocytes of cattle intoxicated with Senecio sp

BACKGROUND: Intoxication caused by Senecio sp is characterized by irreversible damage to liver cells and may be associated with oxidative stress. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intoxication by Senecio sp on lipoperoxidation, antioxidant defenses, and the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes in cattle. METHODS: Blood samples from 30 intoxicated animals (group 1) and 30 healthy animals (group 2) were analyzed. The diagnosis of poisoning by Senecio sp was based on histopathologic lesions verified through hepatic biopsy. The following biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in the erythrocytes were determined: thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) activity, and nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) groups. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility also was evaluated. RESULTS: TBARS concentration and CuZnSOD activity were significantly (P <.001) higher in group 1 when compared with group 2. The concentration of erythrocyte NPSH groups was significantly (P <.03) lower in group 1 when compared with group 2. Osmotic fragility was more pronounced in the erythrocytes of group 1 when compared with group 2 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that poisoning by Senecio sp causes an increase in lipoperoxidation, oxidation of NPSH groups, and consequently, oxidative stress in bovine erythrocytes that may contribute to hemolysis. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in cell damage in animals intoxicated by Senecio sp.     

Oxidative stress and non-enzymatic antioxidative status in dogs with visceral Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a potentially fatal chronic protozoan disease in human, canine and rodent species. The infection by Leishmania is endemic in the Mediterranean Sea region, Africa, Asia and South America. Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanVL) is a systemic disease caused by Leishmania infantum and Leishmania chagasi from the Leishmania donovani complex group. The blood glutathione (GSH), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AA), beta-carotene, retinol and ceruloplasmin levels of dogs with CanVL were investigated to establish the status of the antioxidant defense mechanism in the infected animals. Dogs diagnosed as CanVL with amastigotes in lymph node smear examination and/or antibody titers > or = 128 were used as subjects, while those with no serological response against leishmaniasis were used as healthy controls. The glutathione and retinol amounts were decreased although not significantly (p > 0.05), but the MDA levels were significantly higher in dogs with VL, suggesting increased lipid peroxidation.     

水貂球虫种类调查

本文报道了对安徽省无为县某养殖场水貂球虫种类调查的结果 ,共发现 6种球虫 ,其种类和所占百分比分别为 :貂艾美耳球虫 (17.82 %)、海波艾美耳球虫 (16 .0 %)、伊克蒂德艾美耳球虫 (19.2 7%)、臭猫等孢球虫(8.36 %)、莱德莱威等孢球虫 (17.0 9%)、E.sp(2 1.46 %)     

Oxidative stress markers in canine atopic dermatitis

There are no data in the veterinary literature relating to oxidative stress in canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). The study aimed to determine levels of oxidative stress markers, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), in 15 CAD patients and 17 healthy dogs. A correlation between CADESI (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index) score and MDA was also determined. Significantly higher plasma MDA levels were found in patients than in healthy dogs. The significant, highly positive correlation determined between CADESI score and MDA in the patient group indicates an association between the severity of CAD and the extent of oxidative damage to membrane lipids. There were no significant differences in TAC, GPX and SOD between patients and healthy dogs. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress with increased lipid peroxidation could be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in dogs.     

Oxidative stress and the eye.

Oxidative and particularly photo-oxidative processes are critical factors many ocular conditions but are often poorly recognized by those investigating ocular disease. The author discusses oxidative stress in inflammatory processes of the conjunctiva, cornea, and uvea; in cataract formation in the lens; in retinal degeneration; and in optic nerve pathologic conditions, inflammatory in optic neuritis and degenerative in glaucoma.     

Oxidative stress and liver disease.

Pro-oxidants are numerous and varied. Antioxidants are equally varied in their mechanism of action, and oxidative stress is likely not a simple arithmetic summation of these two opposing forces. More likely, it is a complex set of interrelated formulas with large areas of overlap and small areas of unique effect. In this article, the language of oxidative stress is reviewed, the consequences of oxidative stress are presented, the pathophysiology of oxidative stress in the liver is briefly discussed, and various antioxidant treatment options most relevant to small animal patients with liver disease are reviewed.     

Oxidative stress during acute FIV infection in cats

Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV infection in humans. For example, CD4(+) T cells are particularly affected in HIV patients and oxidative stress may also contribute to impairment of neutrophil function in HIV/AIDS patients. Since cats infected with FIV develop many of the same immunological abnormalites as HIV-infected humans, we investigated effects of acute FIV infection on oxidative stress in cats. Cats were infected with a pathogenic strain of FIV and viral load, changes in neutrophil number, total blood glutathione, malondiadehye, antioxidant enzyme concentrations, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in leukocytes were measured sequentially during the first 16 weeks of infection. We found that superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations in whole blood increased significantly during acute FIV infection. In addition, neutrophil numbers increased significantly during this time period, though their intracellular GSH concentrations did not change. In contrast, the numbers of CD4(+) T cells decreased significantly and their intracellular GSH concentration increased significantly, while intracellular GSH concentrations were unchanged in CD8(+) T cells. However, by 16 weeks of infection, many of the abnormalities in oxidative balance had stabilized or returned to pre-inoculation values. These results suggest that acute infection with FIV causes oxidative stress in cats and that CD4(+) T cells appear to be preferentially affected. Further studies are required to determine whether early treatment with anti-oxidants may help ameliorate the decline in CD4(+) T cell number and function associated with acute FIV infection in cats.