Eimeria spp. from cyprinid fish of the Duero basin (north-west Spain)

Abstract. We describe three Eimeria spp. from extraintestinal sites of cyprinid fish of the Esla River; Eimeria leucisci from Barbus barbus bocagei, E. rutili from Leuciscus cephalus cabeda and Chondrostoma polylepis polyiepis and E. baueri sp. nov. from Carassius carassius . Data on the prevalence and intensity are given. Histopathological changes of the barbel kidney affected by E. leucisci are described. In the analysis of the population dynamics, a clear pattern of seasonality cannot be deduced. Influence of host age was clear only for E. leucisci in which the prevalence decreased significantly with the age of the barbel. We did not observe a clear influence of host sex on the infections.     

浙江省沿岸岛礁区贝类种类组成与分布特征

于2009年4月(春季)和10月(秋季),分别在浙江温州、台州、宁波和舟山各选取2个站点,在其岛礁区潮间带采集贝类样品,调查贝类的种类和数量分布特征,共鉴定出贝类26种,隶属3纲、11目、16科、22属。春季,高生物量分布于8号站位(499.11 g/m²),高密度分布于3号站位(145.67 ind/m²),低生物量和低密度皆分布于1号站位(31.96 g/m²、36.92 ind/m²);秋季,高生物量和高密度皆分布于8号站位(206.82 g/m²、93.00 ind/m²),低生物量和低密度也分布于1号站位(26.92 g/m²、38.91 ind/m²)。采用生物量和栖息密度相结合作为贝类优势种衡量指标的方法得出,优势种有疣荔枝螺、青蚶、条纹隔贻贝和渔舟蜑螺。贝类季节变化显著,春季生物量和密度大于秋季。通过气温、水温、海流等环境因子的分析得出,随春季水温回升,大量的贝类由潮下带来到潮间带,故春季密度分布很高,但受水温下降、被捕食和自然死亡等因素影响,秋季则趋于明显回落,且8号站位(南麂列岛)由于是国家自然保护区,其贝类生物量和栖息密度明显高于其它站位,其优势种的优势壳高(壳长)组在各个站位中也相对较高。1号站位主要由于过度采捕,其贝类资源衰退严重。     

苏北浅滩生态监控区鱼卵的种类组成和数量分布

2004、2005年5月,在苏北浅滩生态监控区采用水平和垂直拖网两种方式进行了鱼卵调查,从南至北共设8个断面,范围为121°17′~121°55′E、32°00′~32°28′N。结果显示,第3~6断面(121°25′~121°36′E、32°08′~32°20′N)为鱼卵的密集区,密度最高的站位分别为2004年的7断面1站位(121°25′E、32°24′N)和2005年的5断面3站位(121°27′E、32°16′N)。主要的种类组成有多鳞鱚、鳀、斑鰶、远东拟沙丁鱼等。2004、2005年第一优势种均为多鳞鱚,2004年的第二、三位优势种分别为鳀和远东拟沙丁鱼,而2005年的第二位优势种则为斑鰶。     

中东大西洋中部海域小型中上层鱼类集群形态与时空分布特征

利用2014年11月17日~12月2日我国拖网渔船在中东大西洋部分区域(塞内加尔共和国专属经济区)作业时获取的FURUNO FCV-292型船载探鱼仪声学映像资料,结合渔业声学原理与水文环境数据,分析了该海域小型中上层鱼类的集群分布特征。结果显示:调查期间该海域底拖网渔船捕获主要小型中上层渔业资源为北梭鱼(Albula vulpes)、斑鳍圆鰺(Decapterus rhonchus)与黑斑十指马鲅(Galeoides decadactylus)等鱼类,分别占总渔获量的11.23%、11.34%,5.78%,其它捕捞种基本为底栖鱼类;将鱼群集群类型分为散点状、短带状、散带状、块状与带状等5种集群类型,统计了每种集群类型出现的站位地理信息,5种集群类型占比依次为22.4%、15.3%、27.6%、22.4%与12.2%;在水平尺度上,鱼群集中分布于海表温度为27℃与28℃等温线之间的水域,且集中现象明显,两个集中区域分别位于近岸海域中部与南部;鱼群主要栖息水层深度为10~30 m,占整个水层的90%以上;受水温垂直梯度变化影响较小,对盐度的垂直变化有一定的应激行为;鱼群的形态在夜间分散日间聚集,夜间多表现为散点状集群,日间多表现为短带状、块状与带状等聚集程度高的集群类型;集群数量表现出明显的日间多夜间低的变化趋势。结合历史研究讨论了该海域主要中上层鱼类资源情况;分析了鱼群集群类型与生物量的内在关系,发现在生物量上表现出较高水平的集群类型为散带状与带状,此结论可在一定程度上指导渔船的瞄准捕捞。     

Linking small pelagic fish and cetacean distribution to model suitable habitat for coastal dolphin species,Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus,in the Greek Seas (Eastern Mediterranean)

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2003年春季东海区浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成及数量分布

本文分析研究了2003年春季东海区(27°00′～34°00′N)150m以浅海域浮性鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成及数量分布。共鉴定49种鱼类的鱼卵、仔稚鱼,其中31种鉴定到种,隶属于26科、29属。优势种类为日本鳀、方氏云鳚、太平洋鲱。带鱼、小黄鱼等经济鱼类鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量少,鲱形目鱼类鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量较多。鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布主要在近海禁渔线附近海域。     

渤海渔业生物重金属污染及风险评价

重金属污染是渤海长期面临的环境问题之一,同时对渤海海产品安全和人体健康构成潜在风险。为了解渤海海域鱼类重金属污染状况,在该海域采集的渔业生物中随机选取了10种144条鱼类样本,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了鱼类肌肉组织中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr和As的含量;采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和金属污染指数法评价了单一重金属和综合重金属污染情况;采用每日摄入量和目标危害系数评估了渤海鱼类重金属污染对人体的食用安全风险。研究结果显示,渤海鱼类肌肉中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr和As的平均含量分别为(0.702±0.680)、(9.697±5.279)、(0.035±0.059)、(0.029±0.035)、(0.093±0.091)和(0.959±0.813) mg/kg。与我国其他海域相比,渤海鱼类重金属含量处于较高水平。鱼类重金属污染评价结果显示,Cd和无机As (iAs)为渤海鱼类重金属污染的主要元素,细纹狮子鱼(Liparistanakae)受到重金属综合污染的程度最大。食用风险评估结果表明,摄食渤海鱼类带来的重金属每日摄入量处于较低水平,所有鱼类样本单一...     

Tissue distribution and cellular uptake of Aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in some marine fish species

Τhe uptake and distribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), isolated from Aeromonas salmonicida, was investigated in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L., and Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. LPS was radiolabelled by bromine oxidation and subsequent sodium borotritide reduction (³H-LPS), and fluorescence-labelled by introducing a fluorescein isothiocyanate derivative (FITC-LPS). After intravenous and intraperitoneal injections in cod, high amounts of radioactive LPS (³H-LPS) were present in heart, spleen and kidney throughout the experimental period (1–168 h). After peroral administration, a high amount of ³H-LPS was observed in intestinal tissues, whereas internal organs and tissues contained considerably lower amounts. Following intravenous administration of ³H-LPS in turbot, high contents of radioactivity were revealed in spleen, liver and kidney, whereas the content in heart was lower than in blood at the sampling times (1–24 h). The same pattern was observed after intraperitoneal administration. The spleen and liver contained high amounts of radioactivity when the turbots were intubated perorally with ³H-LPS. The spleen, kidney and heart were the main scavenging organs following intravenous administration of ³H-LPS in Atlantic halibut. A minor amount of radioactivity was present in the liver. The same pattern emerged after intraperitoneal injection in halibut. As observed for turbot, the spleen was the main accumulation site for ³H-LPS following peroral administration. Fluorescence microscopy of sections of organs and tissues from cod, intravenously and intraperitoneally injected with FITC-LPS, revealed that endocardial cells of both atrium and ventricle contained large amounts of the fluorochrome, whereas in turbot and halibut only atrial endothelial cells accumulated the substance. In all species, macrophages in kidney and spleen contained FITC-LPS and in the spleen the fluorochrome was trapped in the ellipsoidal walls. At later time points (e.g. 48 h) in the turbot spleen, FITC-LPS was located in cells adjacent to the ellipsoidal walls. Halibut endothelial cells that were located in the connective tissue of the intestine and gills also contained FITC-LPS. After peroral administration to the different fish species, specific fluorescence was found only in intestinal epithelial cells of halibut and in cells located in the lamina propria. Fluorescence was not detected in internal organs such as the kidney, spleen and liver after peroral administration of FITC-LPS. Gel chromatographic analysis of plasma samples from cod, turbot and halibut after intravenous and intraperitoneal injections showed that high molecular weight radioactivity was present. A minor amount of radioactivity that corresponded to low molecular weight substances was also observed. In conclusion, there is a high degree of variation with respect to the site of accumulation and some variation in the type of cells involved in the uptake of purified LPS in cod, turbot and halibut.     

玛柯河两种鱼类的资源量及分布特征

为了解玛柯河的鱼类资源现状,2013年7月对玛柯河班玛县境内的干流和支流进行了鱼类资源调查。共采集大渡软刺裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis malacanthus chengi)和玛柯河高原鳅(Triplophysa markehensis)574尾,平均全长分别为18.2 cm和12.3 cm。根据河段密度法估算出6条支流内两种鱼的资源量分别为42 059尾和42 352尾。环境因子与鱼类密度的相关性分析的结果显示,大渡软刺裸裂尻鱼和玛柯河高原鳅的密度与流速和比降呈现正相关,玛柯河高原鳅的密度还与水深呈负相关。     

Improvement in school-size estimates of pelagic fish using information from sector-scanning sonar

School‐size estimates based on information from a sector‐scanning sonar were compared with those based on information from an echo sounder. Three pairs of size estimates of anchovy schools in the coastal waters, off Fukuoka Prefecture were shown as examples. They included the possibility of improving the size estimates by using information from sector‐scanning sonar to consider the size in the transverse direction. In these examples, the thickness and extent of the school varied in the transverse direction. A large difference was found between the estimates from the sounder information and those from the sector‐scanning sonar information, although whether or not the estimated size decreased differed according to each case. Also, whether the thickness information or the extent information is influential differed according to each case. The size information from the sector‐scanning sonar in the transverse direction caused a change in the estimated size from 66 to 16 (×10³ m³, mainly by different extent), 305 to 146 (×10³ m³, thickness increased but extent decreased), and 819 to 746 (×10³ m³, three seemingly separated schools fused into one).     

Acoustic telemetry versus monitored longline fishing for studying the vertical distribution of pelagic fish: bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in French Polynesia

This study compares detailed, nearly continuous, observations on bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus equipped with electronic tags, with discrete observations on a larger number of individuals from fishing experiments in order to validate the use of instrumented longlines to study the vertical distribution of fish. We show that the depth distributions obtained from the two different observation techniques regarding different environmental variables (temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), prey distribution) are similar. Bigeye tuna do not seem to be attracted by baits in the vertical dimension (no modification of their vertical distribution by the fishing gear), which allows the use of instrumented longlines to study the vertical behaviour of pelagic species. This technique, when used with appropriate deployment strategy, could therefore represent an alternative to electronic tags (acoustic or archival tags) when there is a need to determine the vertical distribution of fish species by size or sex, in different environments for the study of fishery interactions.     

Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea) movement patterns along the South African coast

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Gametogenesis and spawning in the carpet-shell clam, Ruditapes decussatus (L.) (Mollusca: Bivalvia), from the Atlantic coast of Morocco

Abstract. Aspects of gametogenesis of the carpet-shell clam, Ruditapes decussatus (L.), in two lagoons on the Atlantic coast of north Morocco were studied during December 1986 to February 1988. The clams sampled did not show any sign of hermaphroditism and the percentage of males was 42%. The gonads started developing in mid-winter and were ripe in spring. Successive spawnings and reconstitution of gametes look place simultaneously starting from May up to the end of September. Two major spawning periods were noticed: a partial one in May-June and a complete spawning in August-September. From October to December the gonads were at resting stages. In coastal ecosystems where freshwater input is a very important factor, gametogenesis may be affected if clams are exposed to low salinities (less than 15%) for prolonged periods.     

Alternative error distribution models for standardization of catch rates of non-target species from a pelagic longline fishery: billfish species in the Venezuelan tuna longline fishery

Alternative error distributions were evaluated for calculating indices of relative abundance for non-target species using catch and effort data from commercial fisheries. A general procedure is presented for testing the underlying assumptions of different error distributions. Catch rates, from an observer program, of billfish caught mainly as bycatch in a pelagic tuna longline fishery in the Western Central Atlantic were standardized. Although catches of billfishes are not common in pelagic tuna longline fisheries, these fisheries are one of the main sources of fishing mortality for these stocks in the central Atlantic due to the magnitude and spatial extent of longline fishing effort. Billfish CPUE data are highly skewed with a large proportion of zero observations. Delta distribution models can accommodate this type of data, and involve modeling the probability of a non-zero observation and the catch rate given that the catch is non-zero separately. Three different Delta models were compared against other error distributions, including the lognormal, log-gamma, and Poisson. Diagnostic checks and deviance table analyses were performed to identify the best error distribution and the set of factors and interactions that most adequately explained the observed variability. The results indicated that the Delta-lognormal model (a binomial error distribution for the probability of a non-zero catch and lognormal error for the positive catch rates) complied best with the underlying characteristics of the data set. Analyses of catch rates for blue marlin, white marlin and sailfish confirmed the spatio-temporal nature of their distribution in the central Atlantic and Caribbean Sea. Also, the analyses indicated that catch rates of billfish differed among fishing vessel types; larger vessels had a higher probability of catching blue marlin, the more oceanic-oriented species, and lower probabilities of catching the more coastal-oriented species white marlin and sailfish. Standardized catch rates indicated in general a lower relative abundance for blue and white marlin in the most recent years, although estimated confidence intervals overlap through the years especially for white marlin.     

珠江口鱼类浮游生物种类组成与数量分布

江门位于珠江口西南部,其近海海域是多种小型鱼类的产卵场和育幼场。以珠江口江门海域春季采集到的鱼卵为研究对象,基于DNA条形码技术分析鉴定了鱼卵种类,描述了鱼卵的形态特征,并初步研究了其形态分类。共采获13种鱼卵,分属于3目10科,其中4种鉴定至种水平,分别为眶棘双边鱼 (Ambassis gymnocephalus)、缘边银鲈 (Gerres limbatus)、多鳞 (Sillago sihama) 和斑头舌鳎 (Cynoglossus puncticeps);8种鉴定至属水平,分别为沙丁鱼属、小公鱼属、棘鲷属、副叶鲹属、叫姑鱼属、属和舌鳎属;1种鉴定至科水平,为鲾科。结果发现,江门海域大部分鱼卵可通过形状与大小、卵周隙宽窄、油球数量和色素分布等形态特征进行分类;对于胚体发育良好的鱼卵,胚体上色素胞颜色、数量及分布也是种类鉴定的重要依据。然而相近种类难以通过单一发育阶段形态特征进行准确区分,更深入的形态学研究尚待开展。     

Spatial distribution and overlap between ichthyoplankton and pelagic fish and squids on the southern flank of Georges Bank

We conducted larval and adult fish surveys on the southern flank of Georges Bank during the spring of two years (1990 and 1995) with contrasting physical conditions. We employed canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to examine the relationships between physical variables and the spatial distribution of pelagic fish and ichthyoplankton. Surface temperature bottom temperature, and vertical stratification were significant factors affecting larval fish distributions, and there were groups of species with similar responses to these variables. There were also consistent relationships between physical variables and pelagic fish and squid abundances and spatial distributions. Pelagic fish and ichthyoplankton with similar responses to hydrographic variables had high spatial overlap, and variation in hydrographic regimes modulated the strength of this interaction. Pelagic fish and squids are potentially important predators of both larval and juvenile fish on Georges Bank. Hydrographic structure modulates the degree of spatial overlap and therefore likely influences the strength of predator–prey interactions.     

辽东湾6月鱼类的种类组成及空间分布

利用2007年6月和2008年6月的底拖网调查数据,采用聚类分析和相对重要性指数,分析了辽东湾鱼类群落的种类组成及空间分布特征。结果表明,调查共计捕获鱼类24种,隶属于5目22科24属。2007年优势种为小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias),2008年为小黄鱼和短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri),小黄鱼在两个年份均占据第一优势地位。聚类分析和SIMPER分析表明,2007年6月鱼类群落在空间上可分为3组,对组间相异性贡献较高的分歧种为小黄鱼、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)、矛尾鰕虎鱼、短吻红舌鳎、叫姑鱼(Johnius belengeri)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)、长绵鳚(Zoarces elongatus)、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)等;2008年6月可分为3个组,对组间相异性贡献较高的分歧种为小黄鱼、黄鲫、短吻红舌鳎、李氏(Repomucenus richardsoni)、矛尾鰕虎鱼、长绵鳚、斑纹狮子鱼(Liparis zonatus)、银鲳(Pampus argenteus)和鲬(Platycephalus indicus)等。聚类结果按照地域空间可分为辽东湾北部、中部和西南部,且两个年度6月均表现为辽东湾北部生物量最高,而多样性最低。辽东湾北部水域邻近河口,是鱼类理想的产卵场和保育场,故6月该区域生物量最高。聚类结果表明辽东湾水域6月鱼类的种类组成相对稳定,鱼类的繁殖栖息习性和辽东湾水域不同区域的环境影响着鱼类的种类组成及其空间分布。