湛江红树林生物多样性保护探讨

对湛江红树林生物多样性历史与现状进行分析,并总结几年来湛江红树林保护区以中荷合作雷州半岛红树林综合管理和沿海保护项目为依托开展多层次的保护行动及所取得的成效,提出科学划分功能区、加强资源监测、社区共管和公众意识教育的建议。     

湛江红树林自然保护区湿地生物多样性现状及保护

湛江红树林自然保护区总面积20278hm^2，其红树林种类为全国之最，是国际候鸟通道，海生及林内动物资源丰富。分析了在生物多样性保护中存在着盲目开垦导致面积萎缩、水污染和富营养化引发赤潮、湿地动植物趋于濒危、经费不足等问题。提出了今后对策。。     

湛江红树林自然保护区湿地生物多样性现状及保护

湛江红树林自然保护区总面积20 278hm2,其红树林种类为全国之最,是国际候鸟通道,海生及林内动物资源丰富.分析了在生物多样性保护中存在着盲目开垦导致面积萎缩、水污染和富营养化引发赤潮、湿地动植物趋于濒危、经费不足等问题.提出了今后对策.     

红树林内生真菌1403的形态与分子鉴定(英文)

红树林内生真菌1403是从中国南海分离的一株镰刀菌,在液体发酵条件下能够产生灰黄霉素和葸醌类的抗生素。基于1403在形态学方面具有以下特征:产小型分生孢子的分生孢子梗较长,小型分生孢子呈椭圆形,大型分生孢子线形或略微弯曲,本文将它与有类似形态特征的镰刀菌进行了比较,发现1403与植物病原菌Fusarium verticillioides(有性态为Gibberella moniliforme)表面上很相似,气生菌丝均可产生大量假头状或链状的小型分生孢子,但深入的研究却发现1403与F.verticillioides具有不同的性状,如产生的多生分生孢子梗有时与单生分生孢子梗长度相当,产生环状菌丝,以及菌丝发生融合等现象,进一步以最大简约法和贝叶斯分析法将1403与其它相似镰刀菌进行系统发育比较,综合18S、28S、ITS三水平上的分析结果可以将1403归于镰刀菌亚组Gibberella fujikuroi,并最终在EF—1α水平上将其定为Fusarium proliferatum.     

漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区水鸟生物多样性分析

根据2005年-2006年福建漳江口国家级自然保护区水鸟调查资料,对该区水鸟进行区系分析和多样性研究.结果表明,漳江口自然保护区水鸟共计48种,隶属于8目9科24属,其中,鸻形目20种,占总数的41.67%,鸥形目与鹳形目各8种,各占总数的16.67%.古北界36种,东洋界10种,广布种2种,分别占总数的75%、20.83%、4.17%;冬候鸟27种,旅鸟11种,夏候鸟6种,留鸟4种,分别占总数的56.25%、22.92%、12.5%、8.33%.红树林保护区水鸟生物多样性Simpson指数0.7722,Shannon - Wiener指数3.1601,均匀度Pielou指数0.5658,属水平DG指数2.9052,科水平DF指数5.6450,DG-F指数0.4853.     

珠海淇澳红树林湿地生物多样性现状及保护

红树林湿地是珠海淇澳岛生态系统的主体,为湿地生物的生长、栖息和繁殖提供了良好生境,孕育了丰富的生物资源。文章以野外调查结果和资料统计为根据,从红树林植被与湿地植物、动物等方面概述淇澳岛的红树林湿地生物多样性现状,继而分析了淇澳岛的红树林湿地资源保护中存在的问题,如人为干扰、水污染、资源过度利用、大面积纯林营造等。最后,就淇澳岛未来的红树林湿地生物多样性保护提出了建议：①加强自然保护区建设;②开展生物多样性保护的科学研究;③加强滩涂治理;④进行红树林湿地恢复和定位监测等。     

湖北省大型真菌生物多样性及资源开发利用

笔者主要概述了湖北省大型真菌的生物多样性,担子菌亚门真菌有331种,分属于4纲5目39科96属,子囊菌亚门真菌43种,分属于2纲7科19属。简要概述了湖北省真菌资源的保护和开发利用现状,并对进一步研究、保护及开发利用提出了合理化建议。     

中国生物多样性信息管理系统(CBIMS)总体设计及应用展望

阐述CBIMS的总体设计、功能特点和采用的计算机技术等,展望当前GIS、数据库、计算机网络等主要技术的发展,并对CBIMS的应用进行深入分析,提出了建议。     

西双版纳生物多样性保护战略研究(英文)

西双版纳具有珍贵的热带雨林，生物多样性丰富，素有野生动植物宝库之称。作者通过 论述自然地理特征，剖析了其生境复杂性；通过系统研究主要植被类型及珍稀物种，阐明了 该区生物多样性的主要成分和价值；通过对生物多样性保护现状的评价，揭示了保护实践中 潜在的危机和问题。本文通过借鉴现代保护生物学理论和国内外的创新经验，提出了该区生 物多样性保护的4条首要战略，以期建立良性互动机制，促进生物多样性保护与利用的有机 结合，有效提高当地民众生活水平，以相对减少林区居民对于资源过分依赖性。     

秋茄内生真菌新纪录种(英文)

红树林内生真菌1893是从中国南海秋茄(Kandelia candel)上分离的一株内生真菌,在液体发酵条件下能够产生包括1893A和1893B在内的多种新物质。为了正确的鉴定该菌株并为进一步的工业应用做准备,本文结合形态学和分子学两方面对它进行了鉴定,首先,在纯培养条件下,将它和具有以下形态特征的相似菌株进行比较:产生受精丝或像受精丝一样的菌丝,这些菌丝又和像雄器一样的菌丝发生明显的融合现象;环状产囊体与大量菌丝缠绕形成菌核前体。进一步通过该菌株在寄主秋茄和非寄主芒果叶子上的培养性状与其它相似真菌比较,结果将该菌株归于拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis)。其次,在ITS序列水平上,将它和具有形态学或生态学相似性的拟茎点霉进行系统发育分析。最后,综合形态学和分子学,红树林内生真菌1893被定为Diaporthe phaseolorum var.sojae,本文是首次报道Diaporthe phaseolorum var.sojae做为内生真菌寄生于秋茄。图5参43。     

孟加拉国Madhupur林区内不同森林树种中丛枝菌根多样性的研究

从 Madhupur 林区的不同地点采集了 Acacia auriculi-formis A. Cunn. ex Benth., A. mangium Wild., Artocarpus het-erophyllus Lamk. C., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex A. P. D., Euca-lyptus camaldulensis Dehnn., Hevea brasiliensis (Wild. ex Juss) Muell. Arg., Swietenia macrophylla King. and Tectona grandis L. 8个树种的根和根际土。采用简单常规的根围土壤真菌孢子分离、形态鉴定和树木细根染色、显微镜观察等方法,进行了孟加拉国Madhupur林区内不同森林树种中丛枝菌根多样性的研究。图2表2参46。     

Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different trees of madhupur forest, Bangladesh

Roots and rhizosphere soils of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., A. mangium Wild., Artocarpus heterophyUus Lamk. C., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex A. P. D., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnn., Hevea brasiliensis （Wild. ex Juss） Muell. Arg., Swietenia macrophylla King. and Tectona grandis L. were collected from different locations of Madhupur forest area to study the biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal （AM） fungal colonization and spore population. All the plants showed AM colonization. Out of eight selected plants, mycelial colonization was lowest in the roots of A. heterophyllus （22%） and the highest was in the roots of H. brasiliensis （78%）. Mycelial intensity was observed poor （25%-77%） and moderate （23%-57%） in all plants species and abundant （11%-40%） was in most of the plant species. Vesicular colonization was observed in five plant species. The lowest was recorded in E. camaldulensis （4%） and the highest was in H. brasiliensis （21%）. Poor （24%-56%）, moderate （16%-100%） and abundant （11%-40%） type of vesicular intensity were observed. Arbuscular colonization was observed in three plants. The highest was in A. mangium （72%） and the lowest was in S. macrophylla （17%）. Arbuscular intensity was recorded as poor （12%-44%）, moderate （22%-100%） and abundant （4%-47%）. The highest AM fungal spore population was in A. auriculiformis （714） and the lowest was in D. sissoo （102）. Five AM fungal genera were recorded. Glomus was found to be dominant. A few spores remained unidentified. Significant correlation was observed between percent coloniza- tion and spore population. The results of the present study indicate the occurrence of AM fungi and the mycotrophism of the plants of Madhupur forest area and the applicability of AM technology in the forest management of Madhupur forest.     

雷州半岛红树林区软体动物多样性与生物量研究

2002年7～9月对雷州半岛8个主要红树林区软体动物进行了清查，记录有37科110种软体动物，且各红树林区的软体动物区系组成存在较高的地理分布上的差异(相似度均小于61．0％)。各红树林区的软体动物平均生物量为206Ind．／m^2或106g/m^2；树栖软体动物平均生物量为20Ind．／m^2或14．7g／m^2，树栖贝类优势种类有黑口滨螺等；地栖平均生物量为197Ind．／m^2或100．6g／m^2，以殊带拟蟹守螺等为优势种。生物量的大小主要与底质和林区群落特征有关，底质为淤泥土壤和高密度的群落生物量较低，泥沙质土壤和较低密度的群落的生物量较高，同一群落类型以林外缘带的软体动物的生物量最高。由于人为过渡采挖和环境污染严重，绝大部分软体动物种质资源趋于濒危状态，急需加强保护。     

Restoration fire and wood-inhabiting fungi in a Swedish Pinus sylvestris forest

A growing awareness of the negative consequences of efficient fire prevention in boreal Fennoscandia has resulted in an increasing use of fire as a restoration method. The primary purpose of restoration fire is to recreate features of natural forests that have been lost during long periods of fire suppression. We used the occurrence of fruiting bodies from wood-inhabiting fungi to assess the conservation value of and gain ecological information about restoration fire in a Pinus sylvestris dominated forest. The general pattern for the majority of the species was a drastic decline the first two years after the restoration fire. However, our results clearly demonstrate that most of the species that declined the first years after the fire rebounded after four years and were frequently found on charred wood. Species that increased after the fire and often occurred on charred logs were: Antrodia sinuosa, Botryobasidium obtusisporum, Galzinia incrustans, Phlebia subserialis and Tomentella spp. In addition, three threatened, red-listed and fire-favored species were also found on heavily charred logs: Antrodia primaeva, Dichomitus squalens and Gloeophyllum carbonarium. Our results indicate that fire disturbance creates a unique type of dead wood important for fungal species richness. The results also support the use of restoration fires in maintaining forest biodiversity.     

森林生态系统的生物多样性保护问题

生物多样性的保护和可持续的利用对森林的保护与可持续经营具有特别重要的意义,生物多样性保护在森林生态系统管理中也越来越显示其重要性。讨论全球森林生态系统生物多样性保护的发展趋势及森林生态系统生物多样性保护的理论和对策,以及生物多样性指数在评价生物多样性管理的应用,提出我国生物多样性保护研究应该加强的方向。     

RNA沉默及其在病原真菌研究中的应用

RNA沉默是生物抵抗异常DNA的一种保护机制,在生物生长发育过程中扮演着基因表达调控的角色。本文主要综述了RNA沉默技术的特点及其在病原真菌中的研究现状及研究策略,包括RNA沉默的作用机制、优缺点,RNA沉默在病原真菌基因功能研究等方面的应用及其发展前景。     

城市森林与生物多样性保护

城市森林已成为现代化生态大都市建设的主体部分,而生物多样性是城市森林的天然“本底”。本文在分析城市森林主要功能和生物多样性在城市森林的作用基础上,提出了城市森林建设中多样性保护对策。     

Spatial distribution of dead wood and the occurrence of five saproxylic fungi in old-growth timberline spruce forests in northern Finland

Abstract

Adequate understanding of the factors that determine the establishment and survival of dead-wood-dependent species in natural forests is a prerequisite to the successful maintenance of these species in managed forests. This study investigated the factors affecting the occurrence of five wood-inhabiting polypores in old-growth timberline spruce forests in northern Finland, including the substrate availability and the spatial arrangement of large-diameter logs. The volume of coarse woody debris (CWD) varied significantly between the sites (range 15–30 m³ ha^?1), large-diameter logs comprising on average 35% of the total CWD volume. However, the within-site variation in CWD volume was 10–15 times larger than the between-site variation. The spatial distribution of large-diameter logs was aggregated or initially aggregated on four sites and random on one site, creating local patches of high CWD volume. An individual target species occurred on average on 8% of all large-diameter logs, and on 11% of optimal logs (as determined by the decay stage). The characteristics of the logs and stand variables explained partly the occurrence of the target species; furthermore, the mortality pattern of trees (stem breakage versus uprooting) and the presence of primary decomposers also significantly affected the occurrence of the target species. The results indicate that besides substrate availability and quality, local habitat factors and species interactions also play a role in the occurrence of wood-inhabiting fungi in boreal timberline forests.     

突托蜡梅群落结构与生物多样性初步研究

利用生物多样性研究方法．初步分析了突托蜡梅群落的植物结构及其海拔梯度、不同层次与不同坡向的物种多样性。旨在为进一步研究突托蜡梅的生态学特性及濒危机制、有效保存与开发利用提供科学依据。