不同浓度乙烯利处理对甘蔗光合性能的影响

在甘蔗的分蘖初期用不同浓度的乙烯利处理，结果表明：５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，１００ｍｇ／Ｌ处理能提高甘蔗工艺成熟期以前的叶绿素ａ、叶绿素ｂ含量及生长中期类胡萝卜素含量，对ＮＡＤＰ－苹果酸酶活性有短时的抑制作用，随即迅速提高，并超过对照，这个优势一直保持到伸长后期。在甘蔗旺盛生长期两次测定光合强度，５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，１００ｍｇ／Ｌ处理均显著高于对照及其他处理，差异达ＬＳＲＯ．０５显著水平；３００ｍｇ／Ｌ，４００ｍｇ／Ｌ则降低了甘蔗叶片叶绿素ａ、叶绿素ｂ及类胡萝卜素的含量，对ＮＡＤＰ－苹果酸酶活性也有明显的抑制作用，且浓度越大，抑制作用越强。     

不同浓度乙烯利处理对甘蔗若干生理生化特性的影响

在甘蔗的分蘖初期用不同浓度的乙烯利处理，结果表明：５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，１００ｍｇ／Ｌ乙烯利处理能提高甘蔗前中期的Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、酸性转化酶、多酚氧化酶等的活性及可溶性蛋白质、无机磷、还原糖等物质的含量，而过氧化物酶活性与对照差异较小。３００ｍｇ／Ｌ，４００ｍｇ／Ｌ乙烯利处理则降低了甘蔗生长前中期的Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、酸性转化酶、多酚氧化酶等的活性及可溶性蛋白质、无机磷、还原糖等物质的含量，其过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照。     

甘蔗分蘖期喷施乙烯利对两个甘蔗品种的三种保护酶活性的影响

选用甘蔗特早熟品种新台糖１号、中熟品种桂糖８４／３３２为供试材料，在分蘖期用０，１００，２００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１浓度的乙烯利对甘蔗叶面喷施，在不同时期取样测定超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性。结果表明：乙烯利处理后的一段时间内甘蔗叶片ＳＯＤ、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性表现出先增加后下降的趋势，三种酶表现相似     

富镧稀土对甘蔗品种新台糖1号经济性状的效应

甘蔗品种新台糖１号在分蘖期叶面喷施４５ｍｇ／Ｌ富镧稀土,最终使小区有效茎数、茎长、茎径和单茎重都有所提高,获得了显著的增产效果;而且促进了甘蔗的蔗糖积累,使甘蔗蔗糖分和蔗汁重力纯度明显提高,还原糖分降低,明显提高了甘蔗品质。在供试的３个富镧稀土产品中,以９７％Ｌａ２Ｏ３的效果最好,其甘蔗产量和公顷含糖量显著高于对照（水）和生产上广泛使用的＂常乐＂稀土。     

几种化学物质对甘蔗某些生理特性和产量的影响

在甘蔗的分蘖初期用乙烯利、富镧稀土及其添加营养元素的复合制剂Ｈ１、Ｈ２进行叶面喷施。结果表明，各处理能明显提高甘蔗叶片的光合色素及水溶性蛋白质含量，增强叶片的苹果酸酶、酸性转化酶及多酚氧化酶等酶活性；并改善了甘蔗的产量性状，各处理的甘蔗有效茎数、茎长、茎径、单茎重及产量均高于对照。增产效应为Ｈ１＞Ｈ２＞乙烯利＞富镧稀土。     

三种生长调节剂对甘蔗生长和蔗糖分积累的影响

对处于伸长生长后期的两个甘蔗品种,用三种生长调节剂进行叶面喷施试验。结果表明,粤糖71/210经草甘膦处理及桂糖11经乙烯利处理后,有降低叶片含水量,减少绿叶面积的作用,表现有良好的催熟增糖效果.增糖最佳时期为:粤糖71/210经喷施草甘膦后2个月,桂糖11经喷施乙烯利后1个月,甘蔗蔗糖分分别比对照高1.45%和2.42%;PP_(333)的作用不明显。三种处理在植株株高、茎节数、节间长度、蔗产量及宿根蔗出苗数等方面,与对照无显著差别。     

AgNO_3对苹果叶片培养的影响及其与乙烯产生的关系

在附加６－ＢＡ３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＩＢＡ０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ再生培养基中加入１￣１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＡｇＮＯ３，均显促进苹果叶片再生不定芽，但以１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度效果最好，与对照相比，在培养早期，１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＡｇＮＯ３对乙烯的抑制率为１６％￣２０％，在培养中后期则为２５％￣４０％，因而显降低了各培养时期，特别是中后培养容器中乙烯的浓度，降低了乙烯对芽发生的抑制，从而促进不定芽的发生。     

宿根蔗平茬技术应用效果分析

为了探讨宿根蔗平茬对甘蔗出苗的影响,就甘蔗品种“GT42”进行了宿根蔗平茬的试验。研究结果表明:宿根蔗平茬后能提高甘蔗发株率、分蘖率,增加甘蔗有效茎,提高产量和含糖量,对甘蔗株高、茎径影响不明显;平茬+腐殖酸处理与平茬处理效果相当。     

甘蔗生长后期喷施乙烯利的效应

甘蔗生长后期 ,分别在 9月 15日、 10月 2 1日和 11月 2 2日用浓度为 4 0 0 mg· L-1的乙烯利进行叶面处理。结果表明 :处理后 ,甘蔗叶片中的中性转化酶、Ca2 +ATP酶、Mg2 +ATP酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性均比同期的对照高 ;而 NADP 苹果酸酶、酸性转化酶的活性则比对照低。同时 ,处理后 ,可以提高甘蔗蔗糖分和甘蔗品质。其中以 10月份处理的效果最佳     

水稻专用叶面喷剂对水稻幼苗生长的影响

用水稻专用叶面喷剂喷施水稻秧苗,１６７０￣２５００ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度处理可改善秧苗素质,控制株高,秧苗粗壮,假茎宽,干物质增多,促进分蘖,５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度处理抑制秧苗生长,水稻专用叶面喷剂可提高秧苗叶片可溶性糖,可溶性蛋白质,叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性。     

甘蔗茎在弯曲荷载下的破坏

研究甘蔗的物理力学特性对研究甘蔗切割过程、设计刀片具有重要意义。该文采用三点弯曲方法研究甘蔗茎在弯曲荷载下的力学特性。以“桂林—1号”甘蔗为试验材料,在日本SHIMADZU公司生产的AG-I 50 AUTOGRAPH材料力学试验机上进行了蔗茎的弯曲试验。试验结果表明：蔗茎在弯曲荷载下主要有4种破坏形式：中性层裂纹、横向裂纹、底部纵向裂纹、不规则裂纹。其中基部和尾部试样以横向裂纹为主,其他部位的试样产生中性层裂纹;“桂林-1号”甘蔗基部弹性模量的平均值为1172 N/mm²,最大抗弯强度的平均值为46.5 N/mm²;基部去掉蔗皮后,弹性模量的平均值为1514.8 N/mm²,最大抗弯强度的平均值为42 N/mm²;蔗茎基部的弹性模量在剥皮前后有显著差异,且基部蔗芯的弹性模量明显高于未剥蔗皮基部的弹性模量。蔗茎基部的抗弯强度在剥皮前后无显著差异。     

Nitrogen doses on physiological attributes and yield of sugarcane grown under subsurface drip fertigation

Soil hydric availability and nitrogen fertilization are important environmental factors that influence sugarcane production. In the present study, the physiological attributes SPAD index, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F_v/F_m), leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and sugarcane productivity were assessed under different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha^?1) applied in the form of urea via subsurface drip fertigation. The physiological attributes were determined 38, 121, 208, 291, and 381 days after the third harvest (DAH), and stalk and sugar productivity at 381 DAH. The 100 kg N ha^?1 dose has produced better results for the sugarcane physiological attributes. Increasing doses of nitrogen applied via subsurface drip fertigation increased the productivity of stalks and sugar considerably.     

植物生长调节剂对甜高粱茎秆贮藏中糖分变化的影响

为降低甜高粱茎秆采后自然贮藏期内含糖量损失,掌握糖分损失与有关酶活性变化的关系,该文研究了采用植物生长调节剂处理甜高粱植株对其采后贮藏含糖量影响,以及有关酶活性的变化情况。结果表明,用适当种类和剂量的植物生长调节剂处理可以将甜高粱茎秆贮藏期延长到3～4个月,贮藏至112d,赤霉素(40mg/L)、马来酰肼钾盐(400mg/L)、萘乙酸钠(70mg/L)处理的茎秆干基含糖量分别为初始值的95%、92%和94%,均显著高于对照组。采用适当种类和剂量的植物生长调节剂对调节与甜高粱茎秆采后衰老及糖代谢有关酶的活性具有显著作用,这3种植物生长调节剂对甜高粱茎秆采后糖分损失的抑制与其调节有关酶活性有关。该项研究为解决大规模使用甜高粱茎秆制取燃料乙醇过程中的茎秆贮藏问题提供了参考。     

Soil tillage systems and forms of lime application on soil attribute enhancements in ratoon sugarcane

Combining deep tillage (DT) with lime application at greater depths may improve sugarcane yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of conventional tillage (CT) and DT systems and liming on sugarcane productivity and soil physical attributes. The experiment was conducted in a clayey-textured Rhodic Hapludox soil cultivated with sugarcane for two growing seasons (first and third ratoons) using a randomized block design with four treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of DT without liming (DT0), DT with liming (DT2), CT without liming (CT0) and CT with liming (CT2). In addition to sugarcane stalk and sugar yields, macroporosity (MA), microporosity (MI), total soil porosity (TP), weighted average diameter (WAD), aggregate stability index (ASI), soil penetration resistance (SPR), pH, potential acidity (H + Al), total soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were analysed. DT2 promoted the best soil conservation effect on sugarcane. In general, DT, regardless of lime application, reduced SOC and POC in soil surface layer. Nevertheless, in the long term, localized lime addition resulted in significant reductions in compaction, reaching values below 2 MPa. The soil fertility improvement provided by DT2 promoted increased sucrose concentrations and stalks yield. Considering that there was an improvement in the physical quality and fertility of soil for better plant development, the deep tillage with localized lime addition can be considered an effective alternative for sugarcane cultivation.     

前处理对玉米秸秆蒸汽爆破效果的影响

为提高纤维乙醇生产过程中秸秆的预处理效果,该文研究了水预浸和CaO前处理对蒸汽爆破和酶解糖化的影响,并利用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)及傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对其影响机制进行了分析。结果表明:玉米秸秆经30%水(水料质量比30:100)预浸5d、经2%CaO(CaO与秸秆质量比2:100)处理3d或经30%水和2%CaO协同处理1d后再进行蒸汽爆破均可显著提高蒸汽爆破对木质素的降解,降解率由单独蒸汽爆破的20.6%分别提高到27.8%、35.1%和30.9%。玉米秸秆经3种复合预处理和酶解糖化后总糖浓度分别为3.81、3.59和3.46g/100mL,糖得率分别为42.2%、39.8%和38.3%,比单独蒸汽爆破预处理分别提高了23.7%、16.6%和12.3%。水预浸或CaO复合蒸汽爆破预处理后秸秆结构破坏严重,秸秆相对结晶度由单独蒸汽爆破的42.6%分别提高到47.0%和54.5%。水浸泡或CaO前处理可提高蒸汽爆破预处理效果和后期糖化效果,且所用试剂价格低廉,可以应用推广。     

Potassium nutrition in sugar cane ratoons cultured in red latosol with a conservationist system

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium addition to the soil in first and second ratoon sugarcane cultures in a conservationist system. The experiment was conducted at the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in an Acriferric Red Latosol cultured with a IAC SP 93-3046 cane sugar variety after plant-cane cutting. The experiment involved five potassium treatments and four repetitions in randomized block design. The potassium (K) dosages were 27, 54, 108, and 162 kg K ha^?1, and a treatment without potassium. Six months after the start of the experiment, soil samples collected at 0–20 and 20–40 cm in depth were analyzed for K content. Four months after sprouting, plants were evaluated, by tiller numbers, height, diameter, technological analysis of stalks, and nutritional status. In the first ratoon, potassium fertilization increased stalk diameters, increased potassium accumulation in the aerial parts, and increased stalk production. In the second ratoon, there was a water deficiency, and soil application of potassium did not influence plant growth, nutritional status, or production parameters. Application of potassium in cane sugar ratoons did not contribute to stalk technological quality.