不同因素对猪肺炎支原体颜色变化单位测定的影响

为摸清猪肺炎支原体的颜色变化单位(CCU)测定是否受试验相关因素的影响,通过不同培养体系、不同种类的容器、不同的稀释方法测定猪肺炎支原体的CCU,观察培养基的变色情况,最终通过测定各组猪肺炎支原体的CCU来分析不同因素对猪肺炎支原体培养滴度的影响。结果显示,利用不同培养体系、不同容器及不同的稀释方法测定猪肺炎支原体的CCU,其结果差异均不显著(P>0.05)。该研究可为今后支原体的CCU测定提供参考。     

不同容积的培养瓶对猪肺炎支原体培养滴度的影响

本试验将猪肺炎支原体在不同容积的玻璃瓶中进行培养,对各自生长过程中不同时间点的颜色变化单位(CCU)和pH进行测定,分析不同容积的培养瓶对猪肺炎支原体培养滴度的影响。结果显示:与小瓶培养的猪肺炎支原体相比,万瓶的生长速度慢、CCU低、收获菌种的pH范围较广。本试验为猪肺炎支原体大规模培养和疫苗生产提供了参考。     

猪肺炎支原体表面蛋白P46基因的克隆与序列比较

猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae,Mhp)兔化弱毒株R659株、济南强毒株、强毒Z株、国际标准株232,通过A26培养基培养,提取DNA;利用PCR技术从四株猪肺炎支原体中均能扩增出目的条带.将该序列克隆到pGEM-T-Easy载体上测序.结果表明,克隆序列全长1 152 bp,编码383个氨基酸和一个终止子(TAA);该序列中含有3个TGA编码Trp,而不是终止密码子.比较兔化弱毒株与济南强毒株、国际标准株232及NCBI上发布的J株的P46基因序列,发现它们的同源性分别为98.6%、99.2%、99.2%;比较它们编码的氨基酸发现它们的同源性分别为98.7%、99.2%、99.2%.结果表明猪肺炎支原体的P46基因在猪肺炎支原体种内是很保守的,因此建立以P46蛋白为诊断抗原的ELISA具有潜在的意义.     

PCR方法测定猪肺炎支原体培养物菌数

采用常规的CCU方法对猪肺炎支原体培养物菌数测定中存在很多的弊端，如耗时长、影响因素多等，难以用于实际生产中。本研究采用PCR方法能有效地克服CCU方法的缺点，具有重复性好、特异性强、快速准确等特点，为大规模猪肺炎支原体培养和疫苗生产提供保证。     

猪肺炎支原体融合蛋白MHP-P46-P36的表达及间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

利用生物学软件分析猪肺炎支原体P46蛋白和P36蛋白的抗原决定簇,将抗原表位富集区进行串联,表达融合蛋白MHP-P46-P36。以融合蛋白MHP-P46-P36作为包被抗原,优化反应条件建立肺炎支原体间接ELISA抗体检测方法。结果显示：融合蛋白MHP-P46-P36以可溶性形式高效表达;ELISA检测方法的最适抗原包被质量浓度10 mg/L, 1%BSA封闭60 min,一抗最佳稀释度1∶40且37℃60 min,二抗最佳稀释度1∶4 000且37℃60 min,最适显色时长15 min, cut-off值为D_{450 nm}=0.385;与猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪鼻支原体、猪絮状支原体、猪蓝耳病病毒和猪圆环病毒阳性血清无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性;阴阳性血清的组内和组间变异系数均小于7%,具有较好重复性;52个样品临床样本检测结果显示,建立的ELISA方法与IDEXX猪肺炎支原体抗体检测试剂盒相比,阳性样本的符合率为83.09%。     

艾条熏蒸对猪肺炎支原体消毒效果的研究

为了弄清艾条熏蒸对猪舍环境中猪肺炎支原体的消毒效果，试验选择某专业养猪场的相邻两栋猪舍的两个位置等同的栏舍，分为A、B两组，A组采用艾条熏蒸2小时，B组不进行熏蒸。熏蒸结束后通过肺炎支原体浓度的测定来检验艾条熏蒸对猪肺炎支原体的消毒效果。结果表明，艾条熏蒸后猪肺炎支原体的CCU有3～4个数量级的减少。结论：艾条熏蒸对猪舍环境中猪肺炎支原体有较好的消毒效果。     

猪肺炎支原体生长培养基的筛选

为了解猪肺炎支原体的培养特性,筛选出肺炎支原体生长的最适培养基,试验采用颜色改变单位(CCU)计数法和PCR方法对猪肺炎支原体在4种常用培养基及改良KM2培养基中生长情况进行了检测与比较。结果显示:改良的KM2培养基为最适培养基,10天时颜色改变单位可达108CCU/mL。     

一株猪肺炎支原体的分离鉴定

从全国部分猪场采集到疑似猪支原体肺炎肺组织病料12份,提取DNA进行猪肺炎支原体PCR和多重PCR检测,将病料研磨后分离猪肺炎支原体,最终分离到1株疑似猪肺炎支原体;通过测序分析、形态观察、生化试验、血清学试验证实其为猪肺炎支原体。该菌株能适应人工培养基的培养,且传代生长良好,液体培养基中培养活菌滴度达109CCU/m L;菌株有一定的致病性,免疫原性好,可作为疫苗备用菌株,该菌株的分离鉴定为研制猪支原体肺炎疫苗奠定了基础。     

猪肺炎支原体高密度发酵工艺的研究

为提高猪肺炎支原体发酵培养的滴度,在500L发酵罐基础上,对猪肺炎支原体J株的发酵工艺进行了一系列优化试验,各项发酵培养条件经优化后,发酵支原体的滴度得到了明显提高,发酵滴度可达到1×109CCU/ml以上,本研究为提供高效、安全和稳定的猪肺炎支原体疫苗产品奠定基础.     

猪血清对猪肺炎支原体培养影响的研究

正一、材料(一)菌株1.猪肺炎支原体P-5722-3株,由美国硕腾动物保健公司提供,哈药集团生物疫苗有限公司保藏。2.猪肺炎支原体P-5722-3株CCU阳性标准品(CCU检测),由美国硕腾动物保健公司提供,哈药集团生物疫苗有限公司保藏。(二)完全培养基1.培养基组分A:根据猪肺炎支原体P-5722-3株培养基配方要求,制备组分A。2.培养基组分B:猪血清3.猪肺炎支原体P-5722-3株完全培养基由培养基组分A与培养基组分B共同制备,培养基组分A由哈药     

3种支原体培养基对猪肺炎支原体CJ株培养效果的比较分析

通过猪肺炎支原体CJ株接种3种猪肺炎支原体培养基后的生长活性研究发现,与其他2种培养基相比,接种改良Friis培养基培养2~3 d含菌量可达到1.0×109~10CCU/m L,具有生长迅速、含菌量高的特点,可用于猪肺炎支原体CJ株的培养。     

Protective effect of vaccination with culture supernate of M. hyopneumoniae against experimental infection in pigs

The protective activity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae inactivated vaccine prepared from sedimented whole cells and cell-free culture supernates was evaluated experimentally using hysterectomy-produced, colostrum-deprived pigs in which mycoplasmal pneumonia had been induced. The culture supernate vaccine containing less than 10(1) colour-changing units (CCU)/0.2 ml of M. hyopneumoniae significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the percentage of lung lesions compared to controls (3.2 +/- 3.9 vs. 12.2 +/- 2.2%), whereas the sedimented whole cells vaccine containing 10(10) CCU/0.2 ml of organisms provided variable protection (18.7 +/- 16.5 vs. 12.2 +/- 2.2%). Serum from the pigs vaccinated with culture supernate reacted with six protein bands of 97, 89, 65, 46, 42 and 41 kDa by immunoblot analysis. From these results, we conclude that vaccination with culture supernate of M. hyopneumoniae can provide protection against M. hyopneumoniae infection and that these antigens in the culture supernate may be closely related to the reduction of lung lesions.     

Serological diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia of swine by a double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody and recombinant antigen (P46) of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

To facilitate the control of enzootic pneumonia (EP) of swine caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the complement fixation (CF) test has been used for the detection of M. hyopneumoniae antibodies. However, the CF test is a cumbersome and time-consuming technique and cross-reactivity are major drawbacks associated with this method. To circumvent these drawbacks, we have developed a double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), consisting of purified monoclonal antibody (Mab) against the 46 kDa surface antigen (P46) of M. hyopneumoniae and recombinant P46 protein expressed in Escherichia coli, for the detection of antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae in serum samples from pigs experimentally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae and from naturally infected pigs, and compared the practical usefulness of ELISA using the CF test. In experimentally inoculated pigs, the CF and ELISA antibodies were detected at almost the same time, and a good correlation was demonstrated between the CF test and the ELISA. In a survey conducted on field samples, the seropositivity by ELISA in pigs of age 2-6 months was increased. At the time of slaughter, approximately 80% of the animals were seropositive for ELISA. However, a gradual decrease in the prevalence of ELISA positive samples was observed in sows with increasing parity. No correlation was seen between the results obtained with the two methods in the clinical samples. The CF test appears to have limited value for the diagnosis of EP in conventional herds because nonspecific reactions were frequently observed. Therefore, this ELISA is a useful alternative to the CF test currently used for the diagnosis of EP.     

In vitro stimulation of antibody production to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

A method to stimulate and detect the in vitro production of antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was established. PBMC were cultured in microtiter plates coated with a sonicated M. hyopneumoniae whole cell antigen and the amount of antibody bound to the coating antigen was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the amount of non-bound antibody was determined by testing the culture supernatants in the ELISA which detects porcine antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae. The production of antibodies, in terms of total absorbance values, was enhanced by including 2.5 ng pokeweed mitogen (PWM) per ml growth medium without altering the specificity of the assay. In a pilot experiment, the applicability of the method to follow the development of antigen-reactive cells during primary and secondary immunizations with M. hyopneumoniae was evaluated. Antigen-reactive cells, identified by their ability to produce antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae in vitro, were detected seven days after the primary immunization and reached their highest antigen reactivity one week later. In comparison, antigen-reactive cells could be detected three days after the booster immunization and remained in the circulation for 2 weeks.     

猪肺炎支原体P46基因的原核表达与间接ELISA方法的建立

猪肺炎支原体是猪喘气病的病原体,本研究选择猪肺炎支原体P46膜蛋白基因亲水区序列进行克隆,并将其内3个编码Trp的TGA突变成TGG,然后再克隆到pET28a(+)载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)细胞内实现了高效表达,表达产物相对分子质量约为31 ku,约占菌体总蛋白35％,表达形式为包涵体,通过Western blotting 证明表达产物与猪肺炎支原体高免血清具有很好的反应原性和特异性.将大肠杆菌表达的猪肺炎支原体P46重组蛋白经过洗涤、过柱纯化后,作为间接ELISA包被抗原用于检测猪血清中猪肺炎支原体抗体,通过对各参数和试剂的优化建立了rP46-ELISA方法,获得了较好的效果,通过与现有ELISA检测方法的比较,结果表明二者间具有较高的符合率.     

Assessment of antibody response of swine infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by immunoblotting

An immunoblot procedure was used to evaluate porcine antibody response to inoculation with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Mycoplasmas solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate were used as antigens. Antibodies to 5 antigens, estimated to be of molecular weight (mol wt) 110,000, 64,000, 50,000, 41,000, and 36,000, were detected in sera collected during the course of induced mycoplasmal pneumonia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens, mol wt 110,000, 50,000, 41,000, and 36,000, cross-reacted with M flocculare when antigen prepared from M flocculare or hyperimmune serum against it were used in the immunoblot procedure. The 36,000-dalton (D) antigen reacted with M hyopneumoniae and M hyorhinis convalescent sera. The 64,000-D M hyopneumoniae antigen was the only antigen that did not cross-react with M flocculare or M hyorhinis. Exposure of immunoblot strips with antigens to trypsin before reacting them with the convalescent sera abolished binding ability of the 110,000-D and 36,000-D antigens, but had no effect on binding by 64,000-D, 50,000-D, or 41,000-D antigens. None of the 5 antigens bound to 11 lectins.     

Preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigen for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Methods of preparation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect specific antibody, and properties of the antigens, are described. The reactivity and specificity of antigen prepared by Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography after treatment of M. hyopneumoniae cells with Tween 20 (S-300 antigen) were superior to those of antigen prepared by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography after treatment with Tween 20, or to lipid antigen. There were no differences among strains MI-3, J and VPP11 of M. hyopneumoniae. The S-300 antigen did not show cross-reactivity against porcine hyperimmune sera produced by M. hyorhinis, M. hyosynoviae, M. hyopharyngis, M. flocculare and Acholeplasma granularum. Antibody was first detected in sera of pigs inoculated intranasally with M. hyopneumoniae at two to four weeks after inoculation and seven to eight weeks after pigs were contact-exposed to the same mycoplasma.     

兽用疫苗中霉形体污染的套式PCR检测技术建立及初步应用

根据GenBank公布的鸡毒霉形体、猪肺炎霉形体、猪滑液霉形体和絮状霉形体的16s rRNA基因序列,利用引物设计软件DNAStar和Primer5.0自行设计3对特异性引物,以市场上常见的兽用疫苗为检测对象进行试验,优化反应体系,建立了兽用疫苗霉形体污染检测的套式PCR方法。同时,本试验还对市场上的兽用疫苗进行随机抽查检测,其检出率分别为24.2%(23/95)、21.1%(20/95)和14.7%(14/95)。     

Observation of the Growth Trends of Mycoplasma bovis with Four Different Antigen Quantitation Methods

To explore the antigen harvest time of Mycoplasma bovis (M.bovis) and the antigen quantitation alternative method,M.bovis 08M strain was inoculated in the Thiaucourt's medium.Four growth curve plottings were made by measuring color change units (CCU),colony forming units (CFU),protein concentration and nucleic acid levels.Both the results of CCU and CFU counts showed that the growth of M.bovis was divided into four phases,the logarithmic phase appeared after being cultrured 10 h,the stationary phase appeared at 30 h with the highest number of viable cells up to 1.0×10⁸ CCU/mL and 7.7×10⁷ CFU/mL,and the decline phase started at 75 h.The protein concentration of M.bovis increased rapidly from 15 to 35 h,reached 72.06 μg/mL at 35 h,then maintained at 58.38 to 70.65 μg/mL.The nucleic acid levels of M.bovis increased rapidly from 15 h,and the cycle threshold (Ct) values were maintained between 15.32 to 17.84 after 25 h.These results indicated that there was a good correlation between the protein concentration and viable count of M.bovis at the early stationary phase,which was the best time period to harvest antigen.The protein concentration determination could be an alternative method to quantify antigen contents of M.bovis when preparing inactivated M.bovis vaccine.     

4种抗原定量方法观察牛支原体培养特征

为探索在疫苗研制过程中牛支原体抗原收获时间及抗原定量替代方法,将牛支原体08M株接种于含10%马血清的Thiaucourt's培养基,在110 h内同时监测其颜色变化单位（color change units,CCU）、菌落形成单位（colony forming units,CFU）、菌体蛋白浓度和核酸含量的变化,绘制相应曲线。活菌计数结果（CCU和CFU）显示,牛支原体生长可分为明显的4期,10 h进入对数期,30 h进入稳定期,活菌数最高可达1.0×10⁸ CCU/mL和7.7×10⁷ CFU/mL,75 h进入衰亡期;蛋白浓度从15 h开始迅速增长,至35 h蛋白浓度最高,为72.06 μg/mL,此后维持在58.38~70.65 μg/mL;核酸含量从15 h开始增长,至25 h后Ct值维持在15.32~17.84。结果表明,牛支原体蛋白含量在稳定期初期与活菌数具有良好的相关性。因此,在牛支原体灭活疫苗生产中,稳定期初期是最佳抗原收获时间,可用蛋白浓度法代替活菌计数法进行抗原定量。