婴幼儿配方羊乳粉生产中高氯酸盐污染来源研究

目的 对13 家婴幼儿配方羊乳粉企业的生产过程和原辅料中高氯酸盐的污染水平进行测定,并就检测结果进行评估。方法 使用过程分析法对不同生产工艺的婴幼儿配方羊乳粉（简称“婴配羊乳粉”）各个环节生产过程及原辅料进行检测分析,确定婴配羊乳粉中高氯酸盐的主要来源及其贡献率。结果 共检测过程样本104 份及原辅料样本81 份,确定婴配羊乳粉的三种生产工艺均不会产生高氯酸盐,婴配羊乳粉中高氯酸盐的主要来源为原料奶的带入,辅料中高氯酸盐对婴配羊乳粉的贡献率低于26％,辅料中高氯酸盐的高风险因素为含乳原料。结论 婴配羊乳粉三种生产工艺对高氯酸盐的产生没有影响,原料奶是婴配羊乳粉中高氯酸盐的主要来源,辅料中高氯酸盐会带入婴配羊乳粉中,其中含乳原料贡献率大,风险较高。     

婴幼儿配方乳粉新国标亮相

正婴幼儿配方乳粉配方注册制还未完成,新一轮政策调整已经在路上。近日,国家卫生健康委员会(下称"卫健委")公布婴配粉新的国家标准并公开征求意见,在业内看来,国家对乳粉品类调控态度坚决,新标准提高了婴配粉产品的门槛,中小乳企将面临成本提升,乳粉淘汰赛进程不断加速。     

学龄前儿童乳粉配方设计

从人群营养需求、产品法规依据、原辅料包材筛选、配方设计、标签设计等方面以学龄前儿童调制乳粉（干法工艺）配方设计为例,阐述了一款调制乳粉的配方设计思路。     

加强饲料标签审查认可管理

（接上期）３饲料标签的基本内容饲料标签内容必须完整、准确，其基本内容含有饲料名称、产品成分分析保证值、原料组成（原始主要原料组成）、净重（净含量）、生产日期、保质期、厂名、厂址和产品标准编号，以及国家法律和法规规定的有关内容，如标签认可号等。以饲料标签的基本内容为出发点，设计饲料标签（含内标签、外包装）大样，设计大样标注的这些内容应符合《饲料标签》国家标准的有关要求，对不符合规范要求及不符合实际情况的饲料标签设计大样进行必要的技术性审查修改，使其达到合格饲料标签要求。３．１包装饲料名称饲料标签的…     

进口奶源?国外牧场?将成乳粉宣传禁用字

正10月1日起,由国家食药监总局颁布的《婴幼儿配方乳粉产品配方注册管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)即将正式施行。《办法》要求每个企业原则上不得超过3个配方系列9种产品配方,并且在婴幼儿配方乳粉的标签方面进行了细化要求。届时,国内市场上的婴幼儿配方乳粉产品将大幅减少,3/4的中小品牌将被清理出局,国内乳粉市场将引来新的整合与洗牌。颁布于今年6月8日的《办法》在经过3个多月的缓     

新《饲料标签》明年启用

备受饲料行业关注的GB10648-1999《饲料标签》国家标准已于1999年8月10日由国家质量技术监督局批准,并将于2000年6月1日起实施。 新标准不同于GB10648-1993《饲料标签》国家标准。新标准适用于商品饲料和饲料添加剂,同时规定,进口饲料和饲料添加剂也要按《饲料标签》的要求进行管理。在不适用范围中增加了药物饲料添加剂。 新标准还规定标签上必须标示“本产品符合饲料卫生标准”字样。补充了加入药物饲料添加剂饲料标签标注的内容,即对于添加有药物饲料添加剂的饲料产品,其标签上必须标注“含有药物饲料添加剂”字样,同时还必须标明所添加药物的法定名称、准确含量、配制禁忌、停药期及其他注意事项。     

总局办公厅关于开展婴幼儿配方乳粉标签标识规范和监督检查工作的通知

正食药监办食监一[2016]168号各省、自治区、直辖市食品药品监督管理局,新疆生产建设兵团食品药品监督管理局:《中华人民共和国食品安全法》(以下简称《食品安全法》)、《乳品质量安全监督管理条例》、《食品标识管理规定》等法律法规及今年10月1日施行的《婴幼儿配方乳粉产品配方注册管理办法》均对婴幼儿配方乳粉标签标识使用作出明确规定。近期,各地食品药品监     

中牧集团新西兰马陶拉乳业工厂建成投产

正2018年11月22日,中国牧工商集团有限公司(以下简称"中牧集团")在新西兰南大地区戈尔市,投资新建的马陶拉乳粉工厂正式投产,并在主生产车间前举行了投产仪式。新西兰农业部部长奥康纳(Damien O’Connor)、新西兰戈尔市市长希克斯(Tracy Hicks),中国驻克赖斯特彻奇总领馆总领事汪志坚、中国驻新西兰大使馆参赞黄岳峰,中国农业发展集团董事兼党委副书记彭敖瑞,中     

婴幼儿配方乳粉叶黄素含量检测不确定度的评定

目前检测婴幼儿配方乳粉（简称“婴配粉”）中叶黄素含量的方法依据为《GB5009.248—2016 食品安全国家标准 食品中叶黄素的测定》。北大荒完达山乳业股份有限公司一直使用高效液相色谱法测定出厂的婴配粉中叶黄素的含量,在分析与量化高效液相色谱法测定婴配粉中叶黄素的试验过程中,对标准溶液、样品前处理、标准曲线拟合、仪器重复进样等方面进行不确定度分析,建立数学模型,最终合成婴配粉中叶黄素含量的不确定度。结果在95.0%的置信区间下,婴配粉中叶黄素含量的测定结果的扩展不确定度为5.62 μg/100 g,婴配粉中叶黄素含量测定结果为（234.30±5.62）μg/100 g,k=2。结论,在叶黄素含量测定过程中,标准溶液浓度引入的相对不确定度是影响测量婴配粉中叶黄素含量不确定度的主要因素。     

《饲料标签》将启用新标准

备受饲料行业关注的ＧＢ１０６４８-１９９９《饲料标签》国家标准已于１９９９年８月１０日由国家质量技术监督局批准,并将于２０００年６月１日起实施。新标准不同于ＧＢ１０６４８-１９９３《饲料标签》国家标准。新标准适用于商品饲料和饲料添加剂,同时规定,进口饲料和饲料添加剂也要按《饲料标签》的要求进行管理。在不适用范围中增加了药物饲料添加剂。新标准还规定标签上必须标示“本产品符合饲料卫生标准”字样。补充了加入药物饲料添加剂饲料标注的内容,即对于添加有药物饲料添加剂的饲料产品,其标签上必须标注“含有药物饲料添加…     

乳及乳制品中碘含量及检测技术研究进展

乳碘是乳中一项重要的营养指标，乳及乳制品也是人体摄入碘的重要来源，历来受到广泛关注。随着人们对食品中营养物质的不断探索，对乳碘的研究也越来越深入和细化。本文对近年来乳碘含量及影响因素和乳碘含量的检测方法研究进展进行系统综述，以期为行业相关研究者提供参考，并为乳碘在婴幼儿配方乳粉产品中的标识提供理论依据。     

基于食物安全视角的我国畜产食品进口依赖性风险评价

新时期下,保障我国畜产食品供给安全是保障我国食物安全的重要内容之一,而“适度进口”是保障我国畜产食品供给安全的重要途径之一。如何才算“适度进口”,需对畜产食品进口的相关风险进行分析方可评判。运用进口依赖性评价模型对我国猪肉、鸡肉、羊肉、牛肉、鲜牛奶的进口依赖性风险进行分析发现,上述5种畜产食品均存在进口依赖性风险。其中,猪肉的风险来自美国、德国、丹麦、西班牙和加拿大;鸡肉的风险来自美国、巴西、阿根廷和波兰;羊肉的风险来自澳大利亚、新西兰和乌拉圭;牛肉的风险来自乌拉圭、澳大利亚、新西兰、阿根廷和加拿大;鲜牛奶的风险来自德国、法国、新西兰和澳大利亚。为降低我国畜产食品进口依赖性风险,短期内应采取畜产食品进口市场多元化策略以及用进口饲草料替代进口畜产食品的进口方式;长期应在保障“口粮安全”的前提下,调整农业结构,大力发展草地农业,减少对国际市场的依赖性。     

β-酪蛋白的功能特性及其在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用研究进展

β-酪蛋白是母乳蛋白质中一种主要酪蛋白组分，调整婴儿配方乳粉的β-酪蛋白含量可以使婴儿配方乳粉的蛋白质及氨基酸组成更接近母乳水平。本文介绍β-酪蛋白的氨基酸组成、空间结构，比较人乳β-酪蛋白与牛乳β-酪蛋白的部分特性差异，论述β-酪蛋白的功能特性及其在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用，为婴儿配方乳粉的产品研发提供参考。     

Total selenium concentrations in canine and feline foods commercially available in New Zealand

AIMS: To determine the total selenium concentrations in petfoods commercially available in New Zealand and to establish whether these meet the current minimum recommended requirements of selenium in foods for cats and dogs. METHODS: Samples (n=89) from petfoods commercially available in New Zealand were analysed for total selenium concentration using a fluorometric method. Data, expressed on a dry matter (DM) basis, were analysed according to petfood type (dog or cat, and wet or dry), predominant flavour (chicken, seafood, chicken and seafood, beef, meat mix, other), manufacturer and country of manufacture. RESULTS: Fifty percent of petfoods purchased for this study were manufactured in Australia, and the remainder were produced in the United States of America (USA), New Zealand or Thailand. Mean total selenium concentrations were similar (0.61-0.80 mg/kg DM) in petfoods produced in Australia, New Zealand and the USA, but higher (mean 3.77 mg/kg DM; p<0.05) in petfoods produced in Thailand. Petfoods produced in Australia, New Zealand and the USA contained a variety of predominant flavours, whereas petfoods from Thailand contained only seafood flavour. Seafood-based flavours had the highest selenium concentrations in both cat and dog foods. Wet and dry dog foods had similar concentrations of selenium to dry cat foods, but wet cat foods had higher and more variable concentrations of selenium than these others (p<0.05). The mean selenium concentrations in cat and dog foods were 1.14 and 0.40 mg/kg DM, respectively, and there were no significant differences between manufacturers. CONCLUSIONS: Selenium concentrations in commercial petfoods sold in New Zealand appeared to meet recommended dietary requirements, although the range of concentrations was highly variable. Whether these recommendations are adequate for the maintenance of optimal health in cats and dogs has yet to be determined. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Overt selenium deficiency disorders are unlikely in dogs and cats in New Zealand fed commercial petfoods unless the bioavailability of selenium in particular petfoods is low.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery 4th edn, edited by M Joseph Bojrab, Mosby-Williams & Wilkins.
The Use of Immuno-adjuvants in Animals in Australia and New Zealand The Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching.     

Cutaneous fungal granulomas due to Alternaria spp. infection in a horse in New Zealand

Equine cutaneous fungal granulomas have been previously referred to in New Zealand (Fairley 1998), and are described in the veterinary literature from around the world, including North America and Australia (Pascoe and Summers 1981; Genovese et al. 2001; Valentine et al. 2006), but no peer-reviewed reports appear published in the literature in New Zealand. Described here is a case of multiple cutaneous fungal granulomas caused by Alternaria spp. in a horse in New Zealand.     

Confirmation of canine leproid granuloma syndrome in New Zealand

Canine leproid granuloma syndrome (CLGS) has not been officially reported in New Zealand. The seminal report describing this syndrome is in the Australian Veterinary Journal, 1998, where the results of a questionnaire circulated amongst veterinary pathologists and practitioners in Australia were reported. It included one response of a case seen in New Zealand, but no details of that case were given, despite CLGS being described in the literature as “common in New Zealand”. By injudicious use of references, the international literature has propagated the idea that the condition, including molecular identification, was confirmed in New Zealand, yet none of the articles cited actually confirmed that. An outbreak of skin granulomas in a group of approximately 35 working dogs was investigated, in which skin samples were sent to the Mycobacterium reference laboratory, Victoria, Australia, for PCR testing and molecular characterisation. Results of the clinical presentation, histological features and molecular studies conformed to the published details of CLGS. In particular, the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region, amplified from the mycobacterial DNA present in the clinical specimen provided, was identical to GenBank® Accession Number EF611177. That sequence is representative of the causative agent of CLGS in cases from Australia, the United States of America and Brazil. Although acid-fast organisms are occasionally seen in skin granulomas in dogs in New Zealand, this is the first confirmed identification of CLGS in this country. This is also the first report of an outbreak situation amongst a group of dogs.     

Selenium requirements in grazing dairy cows: a review

ABSTRACT

In New Zealand, the recommended intake of Se for dairy cattle (0.03?mg/kg dry matter (DM)) is lower than in the United Kingdom and Australia (0.1 and 0.04?mg/kg DM, respectively), and much lower than in the United States of America (0.3?mg/kg DM). Advisors in New Zealand often suggest that New Zealand intake recommendations are far too low and that recommendations from the United States of America should be used. This has created confusion as farmers are given very different advice depending on which recommendations their advisor uses. In this review, we assess whether the published evidence supports the existing dietary requirements and associated Se status thresholds, or if change is required. We focus particularly on the evidence-base in cattle fed a primarily pasture-based diet, as it is critical that dietary recommendations are derived from data created using cows fed similar diets. Accordingly, we also consider whether the increased use of fodder crops, especially during the dry period, is likely to have altered the Se requirements of dairy cows in New Zealand. We report that the science behind the dietary requirements for Se is robust, being supported by factorial models validated using New Zealand data, and on-farm experimental studies. Published nutritional data suggest that the increased use of fodder crops is unlikely to have altered the dietary balance of pro- and antioxidant factors in New Zealand dairy cows in a way that would meaningfully affect Se requirements. However, the lack of specific data on the vitamin E and fatty acid content of the crops being fed in New Zealand means that more information is needed to confirm this conclusion. In general, the existing New Zealand recommendations for Se-status thresholds are supported, although studies are still lacking to properly characterise the upper threshold of the marginal range. Nevertheless many studies in New Zealand, of herds with marginal or low adequate Se status (using New Zealand recommendations), have failed to show an effect of Se supplementation on milk production, intramammary infection or reproductive performance, so it is highly unlikely that the upper threshold of the range is much higher than the current recommendation. Proponents of the hypothesis that Se intakes in New Zealand dairy cattle should be increased by at least 10 times the current recommendations are therefore not using the evidence base correctly.     

2019年中国乳业贸易形势与后期展望

随着人民生活水平的提高,乳制品需求逐渐扩大,国内原奶供应不能满足不断增长的消费需求,乳制品进口量大幅增长。2019年中国乳品进口量继续大幅增长,其中新西兰、德国、澳大利亚、法国、美国和荷兰等国家是主要乳品进口来源国。随着乳品消费持续增长,预计2020年中国乳品进口量将继续保持增长,乳品贸易总额也将稳中有增。