弱酸改性对高温热处理杉木结构及性能的影响

为改善高温热处理木材的力学性能,采用亚硫酸钠/亚硫酸浸渍改性杉木,对木质素结构进行磺化修饰,以促进木质素在高温热处理过程中的迁移与重新分布.在高湿高压的环境下对改性杉木进行高温热处理,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜分析热处理前后杉木细胞壁表面微观构造,通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜确定木质素在细胞壁中的半定量分布,测量了不同热处理...     

热处理及脱木质素对南方松木材吸湿极限与细胞壁饱和状态的影响

时域核磁共振(TD-NMR)技术可用于考察木材吸湿极限(HL)和细胞壁饱和(CWS)两种纤维饱和状态下水分的弛豫特性及含水率的差异,对南方松(Pinus spp.)分别进行热处理和脱木质素处理,采用TD-NMR技术研究该差异的变化.将试样置于100％相对湿度环境中调至HL状态,该状态下对应的含水率即为HL状态下的纤维饱...     

热处理对慈竹重组材性能的影响

以丛生竹类的慈竹竹篾为原料,运用不同的热处理温度对其进行高温热处理并压制慈竹重组材,对热处理前后慈竹的化学组分进行分析,并对慈竹重组材的物理力学性能进行测定。研究结果表明,当热处理温度从190℃上升至210℃后,慈竹化学组分和慈竹重组材力学性质出现急剧的变化,保证力学强度的前提下,考虑户外用材的尺寸稳定性及生物耐久性的要求,可选用热处理温度190℃,热处理时间2 h的热处理工艺。     

高温热处理对水曲柳材色的影响

The color change of ash wood ( Fraxinus mandshurica ) before and after high temperature heat treatment were investigated with WSC-S color difference meter in this paper. The results showed that: the color of treated wood is affected by the processing temperature, the higher the temperature, the darker the appearance, moreover, the change in L~* component can be used for quantitative analysis on color change. The color of treated ash wood by suitable processing temperature could be simulated to some valuable wood, for example, teak wood, some rosewood species, etc. The color of treated wood could be well replicated from laboratory scale experiments to commercial scale production.     

高温热处理对低龄桉树木材密度的影响

以低龄桉树(Eucalyptus spp.)为试验材料,通过蒸汽热处理,研究热处理条件变化对木材密度的影响。结果表明,经高温热处理后,桉树木材全干密度、气干密度均有不同程度降低,基本密度有增大趋势。升温速度对处理材3种木材密度有显著或极显著影响,处理温度对气干密度、基本密度有显著影响,恒温时间对3种木材密度影响不显著。3种因素对木材密度影响程度为升温速度处理温度恒温时间。对低龄桉树木材进行热处理,要准确把握升温速度和处理温度,才能有效控制热处理材密度降低。     

高温热处理对毛竹防霉性能的影响

以毛竹为原料,在160,180,200,220℃下分别进行2,4,6,8 h的热处理,重点分析总糖、还原糖、游离糖,pH、吸湿性的变化,结合黑曲霉的霉变测试,揭示高温热处理竹材的霉变机理。研究显示：竹材中总糖和还原糖的质量浓度总体呈现出下降的趋势,总糖与还原糖的最低质量浓度分别为0.83和0.05 g/L,相比未处理竹材分别降低了68.7%和95.3%。同时,游离糖中的葡萄糖相比未处理竹材降低了13.5%;木糖与阿拉伯糖分别下降了73.1%和77.9%。而且,竹材的pH呈现出逐渐上升的趋势,维持在5.07～6.13,呈现出有利于霉菌生长的弱酸性环境。但是,高温热处理增大了竹材的接触角,润湿性降低,能阻碍霉菌生长的水分供应。黑曲霉测试显示：热处理能在一定程度上延缓竹材的霉变速率,但在160,180,200℃时竹材的感染面积占比均超过了75%,防治效力为0。即使在220℃时,霉菌感染面积仍接近50%,防治效力仅为50.0%。研究表明,尽管高温热处理降低了竹材的润湿性,糖分也明显减少,在一定程度上抑制了霉菌生长的营养物质和水分供给,延缓了霉菌的生长速率,但是竹材中保留的葡萄糖、木糖及阿拉伯糖...     

高温热处理对挪威云杉及泡桐木振动性能和化学组分的影响北大核心

为考察高温热处理对2种乒乓球底板基材常用木材的振动性能及化学组分的影响,采用常压水蒸气为保护介质,对挪威云杉(Picea abies)和泡桐(Paulownia tomentosa)木材进行热改性处理,温度为190、210、230℃,保温时间为2 h,分析不同热处理温度对2种木材振动性能、结晶度及化学官能团的影响。结果表明:热处理后,挪威云杉和泡桐木的化学组分均发生了一定变化,但均未发生某一组分的完全降解;2种木材的结晶度均有所提升,挪威云杉在230℃时显示出最大结晶度增幅(52.15%,+4.13%),而泡桐的最大增幅出现在210℃(42.94%、+6.17%)。高温热处理能有效改善挪威云杉和泡桐木的固有频率f、对数衰减率δ以及比动弹性模量E/ρ。     

不同种源非洲桃花心木对寒害的生理响应

2012年1月,广东省经历了2次低温天气.本研究分别于2次降温后（3 ～10℃）和正常温度下（＞10℃）采集广州和肇庆2片试验林的非洲桃花心木叶片,测定相对电导率（REC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、脯氨酸（Pro）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性5个指标,分析了27个种源对寒害的生理响应模式.结果表明,2次降温均显著提高了非洲桃花心木的REC、Pro含量、SOD和POD活性.相比首次降温,第2次降温后,Pro含量、SOD和POD活性进一步提高,而REC则有所降低,表明植株在2次降温后进一步启动了自身的保护系统.该研究应用耐寒隶属函数值对27个种源进行综合评价,初步选出来自马里（种源10#,20#,22#）和布基纳法索（种源30#,31#,32#）的6个耐寒表现优异的种源.     

高温炭化热处理对杉木XRD特征的影响规律

采用X射线粉末衍射仪研究高温炭化热处理对杉木XRD特征的影响规律。结果表明：高温炭化热处理对杉木纤维素结晶区002晶面衍射峰位置的影响不显著;不同处理温度水平下处理时间对木材X射线衍射峰强度的影响表现出不同的变化趋势;当处理时间相同、处理温度不同时,随着温度的升高,衍射峰强度呈现出先升高、后降低、再升高的趋势。     

高温热处理对樟子松板材物理力学性能影响的研究

分别采用170、190、210℃三组处理温度对樟子松板材进行了高温热处理工艺试验,并对处理材和对照样进行了物理、力学性能测试:高温热处理工艺使樟子松木材的绝干密度下降、吸湿性降低,对其抗弯强度亦有较大影响,且此影响随温度升高而增大;对于抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度三项指标则基本无影响.在常规使用环境下,由于处理材与对照样之间存在含水率差异,除了210℃处理材的抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度、表面硬度比对照样略小外,170℃和190℃处理材的三项指标均不同程度高于对照样.     

温度对大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)幼苗叶片的光合影响(英文)

本文研究了大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)一年生幼苗在经过夜温处理后的光响应曲线和在饱和光强下的CO2反应曲线。结果表明:在大气CO2浓度下,叶片的最佳光合作用温度在25-31℃之间,而在饱和CO2浓度下为31-35℃。在25℃以下光合速率开始降低,主要是由于羧化效率的降低,而当温度超过31℃时,光合速率下降,是因为羧化效率的降低和呼吸速率的增加。CO2浓度对光合的促进作用在低温下受到抑制,这意味着未来在CO2浓度增高的情况下,高浓度的CO2对热带常绿植物光合的促进在冬天低温情况下表现不十分明显。图4参23。     

The impact of community-based forest management on timber treeregeneration in north-eastern Honduras,with specific reference tobig-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)

Reduced-impact logging is used to minimise the negative effects of selective logging. However, it has been suggested that low-impact logging may create too little disturbance for the regeneration of the light-demanding timber tree species, hence compromising forest productivity. This study evaluates the impact of low-intensity, non-mechanised, certified community forest management on timber tree regeneration. Particular attention was paid to big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), which has a regeneration pattern linked with large-scale disturbances. Logging gaps were compared to natural treefall gaps of an unlogged forest. There were more species of the light-demanding timber trees, but fewer individuals of the shade-tolerant timber species in the certified forest logging gaps, compared to unlogged forest treefall gaps. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the environmental characteristics of the logging and natural treefall gaps, although these only partially explained the differences in timber regeneration. Mahogany was found in over half of the logged forest gaps, whilst being nearly absent in the natural treefall gaps. However, all mahoganies in the established logging gaps were seedling-sized, indicating that regeneration may be hampered due to competing vegetation. The results of the study suggest that low-impact forest management may, at least in the short term, favour light-demanding species over the shade-tolerant ones, similarly to conventional forest management.     

温度对大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)幼苗叶片的光合影响

本文研究了大叶桃花心木（Swietenia macrophylla King）一年生幼苗在经过夜温处理后的光响应曲线和在饱和光强下的CO2反应曲线.结果表明:在大气CO2浓度下,叶片的最佳光合作用温度在25-31℃之间,而在饱和CO2浓度下为31-35℃.在25℃以下光合速率开始降低,主要是由于羧化效率的降低,而当温度超过31℃时,光合速率下降,是因为羧化效率的降低和呼吸速率的增加.CO2浓度对光合的促进作用在低温下受到抑制,这意味着未来在CO2浓度增高的情况下,高浓度的CO2对热带常绿植物光合的促进在冬天低温情况下表现不十分明显.图4参23.     

八仙花扦插繁殖技术

通过对八仙花繁殖与栽培的试验研究，总结出了一套较为规范的八仙花温室扦插及插后栽培管理技术。     

提高大叶榕的大枝扦插成活率的初步探讨

通过不同插穗的直径、扦插时间和ABT生根粉处理等,对大叶榕的大枝扦插成活率进行初步探讨,结果表明:插穗直径在10cm以下的成活率较高,达80%以上,在10cm以上的插穗,扦插成活率仅为67 37%;插穗采集及扦插时间以2月份到3月初为宜。使用ABT6号生根粉能使大叶榕大枝扦插成活率提高约15%。     

大叶山杨幼化处理技术的研究

以大叶山杨的超级实生苗的当年生枝条、成年优树根部萌条当年生嫩枝和成年优树树冠当年生嫩枝切段做外植体,采用连续继代培养和微型嫁接法进行幼化处理技术研究。结果表明：随连续继代次数的增加及微嫁接后再继代次数的增加,茎条的幼化程度随之提高,徽扦插生根率也在提高。成年优树根部萌条当年生嫩茎连续继代4～5次,微扦插生根率可达100%;成年优树树冠当年生嫩茎连续继代6～7次,微扦插生根率可达100%;用组培苗作砧木微嫁接后再进行微繁,连续继代3～4次,微扦插生根率可达100%。     

植物细胞壁木质素区域化学紫外显微光谱研究进展

简述了紫外显微光谱仪的基本构造以及该技术在木本及禾本科生物质木质素沉积、分布以及溶解研究中的应用,同时对该技术在生物质预处理研究中的应用进行了展望,以期为生物质转化领域的科学研究及产业化发展提供新的测试手段。     

Effect of acetylation on the chemical composition of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in relation with the physical and mechanical properties

Common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is a highly underused wood species despite its great hardness, strength, wear-resistance and toughness. It is mainly used as firewood in Hungary because of its wood defects, irregular shape and low-dimensional stability. These wood defects and small breast height diameter result in a low yield. It is non-durable outdoors as it tends to turn grey, crack and be attacked by wood-decaying organisms. Indoors it lasts for hundreds of years. One technology that could improve the stability and durability properties is acetylation. Hornbeam was acetylated with the Accoya® method under industrial conditions. The aim of this research was the assessment of acetylation affecting the chemical properties of hornbeam wood and how these are related to the change in physical and mechanical properties. Main wood constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose, Klason lignin, extractives and ash content) were determined and compared. Chemical parameters related to the degradation of structural polymers were also evaluated (total phenolic and soluble carbohydrate contents, pH and buffering capacity, furfural, levulinic acid, formic acid, acetic acid). Structural changes in acetylated wood and in the Klason lignin fraction were also assessed using FTIR spectroscopy.     

人为采笋对大叶筇竹生长及大熊猫采食的影响

马边大风顶自然保护区是大熊猫分布的最南端,具有较高的研究价值,由于各种人为干扰的影响,保护区范围内的大熊猫数量从1992年的36只锐减至2012年第四次全国大熊猫调查的18只。为了探讨大熊猫数量下降的缘由,对马边大风顶自然保护区周边居民人为采笋活动和大叶筇竹生长状况展开了调查。结果显示:保护区周边居民的采笋活动由来已久,采笋的群体组成和空间范围都在逐年扩大,采笋收入是居民生活经济来源的重要组成部分;同20年前的竹子生长状况相比较,采笋活动使得大叶筇竹的基径、高度和密度下降明显。因此,人为采笋对马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫主食竹生长状况产生了一定的影响,是马边大熊猫栖息地选择的重要影响因素。     

Method for measuring viscoelastic properties of wood under high temperature and high pressure steam conditions

A method for measuring the viscoelastic properties of wood under high temperature and high pressure steam was developed using a testing machine with a built-in autoclave. A newly developed load cell capable of resisting a steam pressure of 16kgf/cm² and a temperature of 200°C was installed in the autoclave. This load cell could be used to determine precisely the loads while steaming at temperatures from 100°C to 200°C. In addition to load-detection problems, it was necessary to avoid the nonuniform thermal degradation of wood during the measurement process under steaming at high temperatures. This nonuniform degradation could be minimized by shortening the time required for the wood to attain thermal equilibrium using specimens conditioned to the fiber saturation point. According to this method, a stress relaxation curve for sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood being compressed while steaming at 180°C was obtained. The stress was seen to decrease rapidly with time, reaching almost zero at 3000s.