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我国是农业大国,粮食安全和农业可持续发展至关重要,高产优质和生态友好始终是农业生产永恒的主题。近年来,受异常气候、种植制度和栽培方式等因素影响,我国农作物病虫草害发生面积不断扩大,危害损失逐年加重。加快推进植保机械化,提高植物病虫草害防治能力已成为保障我国粮食安全和促进农业可持续发展的必然选择。 相似文献
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正水稻生产是上海地区农业生产重要组成部分,植保作业作为诸多的生产环节中重要组成部分,是保证农产品高产、优质、安全的一种必要手段,常年需要病虫草害防治6~10次。目前上海市水稻植保作业主要采用担架式和背负式植保机械,相对于当前上海市水稻生产全程中耕整地和收获环节全面实现机械化,水稻种植机械化技术的快速发展,植保作业机械化技术模式单一,装备落后,技术含量不高。随着上海水稻生产适度规模经营模式的不 相似文献
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本刊讯为了严格执行《安全生产法》、《农业法》有关安全生产和农业机械安全管理的规定和要求,提高广大农民、机手的安全生产意识,维护人民群众生命财产安全,促进农村经济发展,推进农业现代化和农村小康社会建设,农业部近日发出通知,决定在全国广大农村开展“农机安全村”活动。通知内容包括:一、开展“农机安全村”活动的意义改革开放以来,我国农业机械化稳步健康发展,目前全国农业机械总动力5.79亿千瓦,主要农作物机械化作业面积显著增加,农产品加工、运输机械化水平快速提高,高新农业技术和适用新型农业装备蓬勃发展。由于我国农业机械量… 相似文献
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《道交法》出台、三轮和农用车业务移交后的这几年,农机安全监理工作在困境中求突破,在曲折中谋发展,走过了一段艰辛之路。近几年,中央农机购置补贴政策极大地推进了农业机械化在农村的广泛应用,特别是党的十七届三中全会对发展现代农业做出了全面部署,明确提出“要不断促进劳动过程机械化”、“加快推进农业机械化”,我国的农业机械化事业已经进入了一个快速发展的高峰期。 相似文献
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经国务院批准,于1996年8月设立的地级宿迁市,是个农业大市。该市市委、市政府对农业机械化非常重视,近日出台了《市政府关于加快农业机械化发展的通知》(宿政发[1997]87号),对“九五”全市农业机械化发展的目标、任务、措施等作了明确规定。通知要求各级政府要从加强农业基础,如期实现小康的大局出发,进一步提高对发展农业机械化重要性、紧迫性的认识,采取切实有效措施,加强农机化工作,加快农机化发展,确保“九五”末全市基本实现农业机械化。通知还就加强农机服务体系建设、增加农机投入、强化农机管理、发展农机经济、加强… 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献