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1.
N. Ibrahim W. El-Eraky S. El-Gengaihi A. S. Shalaby 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,50(1):55-61
The powdered roots of moghat (Glossostemon bruguieri) have been traditionally used in Eastern countries for their nutritive and therapeutic value. However, the biological effects
of the plant constituents have not been proved on the basis of scientific research. The present study aimed to evaluate the
content and composition of proteins and mucilages of the roots and seeds of moghat, as well as the hypoglycemic effect of
the mucilages. The crude protein constituted 19.5% of the seeds, while it made up 4.5% of the peeled dried roots ofGlossostemon bruguieri (Moghat). Glutamic acid, proline, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine and arginine were abundant in the protein of both plant
parts; 72 and 83%, respectively. Valine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were detected only in seed protein. Molecular weights
of the seed proteins were 50 000, 45 000 and 22 000. Moghat seeds contained 5.0% mucilage, while 15.75% and 29.60% were recorded
in roots of one- and two-year-old plants, respectively. GLC investigation showed that both these plant parts contained rhamnose,
xylose, mannose and galacturonic acid. Arabinose (1.8%) and glucuronic acid (14.6%) were present only in the seeds, while
galactose constituted 33.7 to 34.5% of the root mucilage. Age of the roots was reflected in quantitative differences rather
than qualitative ones. The root mucilages had remarkable hypoglycemic activity, decreasing the blood glucose level in diabetic
rats by 54.5% within 15 days. Accordingly, moghat roots should be investigated as potential medical and nutritive food. 相似文献
2.
3.
Summary The effects of cropping frequency on the yield of potato and on the development of soil-borne diseases was studied from 1979
to 1985 in a crop rotation experiment on a marine clay soil. Tuber yield decreased markedly with increasing cropping frequency.
The yield of cv. Hertha was reduced by 27% in continuous cropping and by 15% in a wheat/potato or sugar beet/potato rotation,
when compared with the rotation wheat/sugar beet/oats/potato. However, a pot experiment showed that yield depression in continuous
cropping depended on the cultivar used.
Crop growth declined in the second part of the growing season, and senescence accelerated as the cropping frequency increased.Verticillium dahliae was the most important yield-reducing factor. Root infection by this fungus was stimulated by the root-lesion nematodePratylenchus neglectus. 相似文献
4.
Genetic relationship between grain yield and the contents of protein and fat in a recombinant inbred population of rice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yong-Hong Yu Gang Li Ye-Yang Fan Ke-Qin Zhang Jie Min Zhi-Wei Zhu Jie-Yun Zhuang 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009,50(1):121-125
To study the genetic relationship between grain yield and the nutrient contents in rice, 209 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between indica rice Xieqingzao B and Milyang 46 were used to determine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting the yields and contents of the two major nutritional components in brown rice. Seven traits were analyzed, including brown rice recovery (BRR), protein content (PC), fat content (FC), grain yield (GYD), brown rice yield (BRYD), protein yield (PYD) and fat yield (FYD). The nutrient contents were significantly negatively correlated with BRR, GYD and BRYD, and the variations on nutrient yield were mainly ascribed to GYD. A total of 22 QTLs distributed on 10 regions of eight chromosomes were detected. Two QTL clusters were found on the short arm of chromosome 6 and the long arm of chromosome 10, respectively. The former was responsible for all the seven traits, and the latter for all the traits except BRR and FC. In both regions, the maternal alleles decreased nutrient contents, but they increased the yields of grain, brown rice, protein and fat. Implication of these results for the breeding of rice varieties with enhancing nutritional capacity is discussed. 相似文献
5.
Effect of heat treatments on trypsin/chyomotrypsin inhibitor activity of red gram (Cajanus cajan L.)
V. H. Mulimani S. Paramjyothi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,46(2):103-107
The application of dry heat to the seeds and meal was not effective in inactivating the trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity (CIA). Soaking for 24 hours followed by cooking for 20 min was effective in destroying the TIA and CIA. 相似文献
6.
V. N. Pandey A. K. Srivastava 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(4):243-247
Temporal variation in total protein and soluble protein contents and protein yield ofVigna mungo leaves at intervals of every three hours during day and night was studied. The study was done with the view to ascertain the hour of harvesting the leaves for maximum yield of leaf protein concentrate. Observations reveal that the total protein and soluble protein contents in the leaves are minimum during 3.00 to 6.00 hrs, which steadily rise with time to reach the maximum values during 12.00 to 15.00 hrs, after which the same shows a steady decrease with time.This paper was presented at the National Seminar of Indian Society for Plant Physiology, C.Z.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, India, 22–24 January, 1989, Abstract No. 1.24. 相似文献
7.
B. D. Kansal B. Singh K. L. Bajaj G. Kaur 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1981,31(2):163-170
The effect of different levels of nitrogen N0(0kg/ha), N1(30 kg/ha), N2 (60 kg/ha), and N3 (90 kg/ha) and farmyard manure F0 (0 tonnes/ha), F1 (10 tonnes/ha), and F2 (20 tonnes/ha) on the yield and nutrient composition of spinach and its uptake was investigated on a sandy loam soil. Yield; phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper uptakes; and ascorbic acid content increased with the application of both the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and the farmyard manure, with a maximum at the N3F2 level, i.e. at 90 kg N/ha with 20 tonnes FYM/ha. However, the contents of protein, -carotene, and reducing sugars were maximum at the highest dose of nitrogen without the application of farmyard manure. 相似文献
8.
Summary Trials were carried out in two years on a sandy loam and on a heavy clay soil with two cultivars to examine the potential
of chloride fertilization as a tool to reduce blackspot susceptibility of potatoes and to investigate other effects on yield
and quality. Blackspot susceptibility was significantly reduced in cv. Marijke, but not in cv. Bintje as a result of increasing
doses of applied chloride from 0 to 400 kg ha1. Dry matter concentration, assessed as under-water weight, was reduced by chloride
in both cultivars at the two locations. Fry colour of French fries was improved by chloride.
Applying 400 kg ha−1 Cl− to both soil types decreased net tuber yield >35 mm of cv. Bintje but not of cv. Marijke. Chloride caused slower emergence,
retarded crop development and less stems per plant on the sandy loam soil but not on the heavy clay soil. 相似文献
9.
K. Scholte 《Potato Research》1990,33(2):181-190
Summary A crop rotation experiment was carried out on a light sandy soil in 1979–1986 to study the effects of the frequency of potato
cropping on yield, quality and on the occurrence of soil-borne pathogens other than potato cyst nematodes.
Tuber yield decreased markedly with increasing cropping frequency, but also depended on what crops were grown in rotation
with potato. Growth during the early part of the season, as well as the length of the growing period, were reduced in short
rotations. The fungiVerticillium dahliae andRhizoctonia solani, and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were the most important yield reducing pathogens. The effects of rotation depended on the cultivar used.
The percentage of mis-shapen tubers increased with increasing cropping frequency and after application of granular nematicides,
but the incidence of common scab (Streptomyces scabies) was not affected. 相似文献
10.
Romina Beleggia Cristiano Platani Franca Nigro Pasquale De Vita Luigi Cattivelli Roberto Papa 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013
The aim of this study was to assess the relative roles of genotype, environment and genotype-by-environment interactions in determining the metabolite profile of durum wheat grain. Four durum wheat cultivars were grown under conventional and organic farming systems over three consecutive years. The use of a high-throughput gas chromatography–mass spectrometry platform allowed the analysis of sets of different polar and non-polar compounds, including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated), and sterols. Statistical analysis of the data showed a small impact of genotype and large effects of both year and genotype-by-environment interaction on the metabolite composition and quality of the wheat grain. Overall, the data from this study highlight the potential role of metabolic profiling in the analysis of durum wheat quality and production. 相似文献
11.
K. Scholte 《Potato Research》1989,32(1):65-73
Summary The effect ofStreptomyces spp. (netted scab) on the growth of potato was investigated in three pot experiments, in two of which the effect ofVerticillium dahliae was also assessed.
The netted scab organisms attacked all underground plant parts of susceptible potato cultivars early in the growing season;
the roots were especially seriously attacked, markedly reducing tuber yield and number but prolonging the duration of the
growing season. The nematicide oxamyl had little effect on the incidence of netted scab. Repeated growing of the susceptible
cv. Bintje greatly increased soil contamination with the netted scab pathogens.
V. dahliae reduced haulm growth before wilt symptoms were evident and it reduced tuber yield but not number. Oxamyl delayed infection
byV. dahliae by controlling parasiticPratylenchus nematodes (mainlyP. thornei). 相似文献
12.
The contents of fat, starch, pentosan, fructan, β-glucan and several mono- and oligosaccharides in grain were evaluated to find out the possible effects of the Wx-D1 gene of bread wheat using two sets of near-isogenic waxy and non-waxy lines and two low-amylose mutant lines with a common genetic background of Kanto 107. These materials have two non-functional Wx-A1b and Wx-B1b alleles in common. Waxy near-isogenic lines with a non-functional Wx-D1d allele showed consistently increased contents of fat, total fructan, β-glucan, glucose, fructose, sucrose, 1-kestose, 6-kestose, neokestose, nystose and bifurcose compared with non-waxy lines with a functional Wx-D1a allele throughout three growing/harvest seasons. Starch and total pentosan contents were inconsistently influenced by the allelic status of the Wx-D1 locus, while water-soluble pentosan and raffinose contents were not affected. The compositional changes of a low-amylose mutant line with an almost non-functional Wx-D1f allele were closely similar to those of waxy near-isogenic lines, while significantly different changes were barely observed in another low-amylose mutant line with a partly functional Wx-D1g allele in two seasons. These results showed that the Wx-D1 gene has pleiotropic effects on the fat and saccharide contents of bread wheat grain. 相似文献
13.
Effect of haulm treatments on the formation of microsclerotia ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. on potato
Summary In four pot experiments, potato plants of cv. Element were artificially infected withV. dahliae. At an early and a late harvest haulms were killed chemically, by burning or by various other treatments, including cutting
them into pieces of different lengths and keeping the debris on the soil surface or covering with soil. After 4 weeks the
plant material was air-dried and the number of microsclerotia per mg was determined.
At the early harvest, in two experiments, the chemical treatment yielded more microsclerotia than the cutting treatments.
Covering colonised haulm tissue with non-sterilised soil was effective in inhibiting microsclerotia formation. Shorter haulm
pieces led to fewer microsclerotia at the later harvest if the material was kept on the soil surface. The variation in microsclerotial
yield and in treatment effects among the different experiments was large. 相似文献
14.
15.
Ulla Bång 《Potato Research》1989,32(1):101-112
Summary Various haulm treatments and harvest times differentially influenced the incidence of storage rots in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in field experiments in Sweden performed over 4 years. The incidence of gangrene caused byPhoma foveata Foister (Phoma exigua var.foveata (Foister) Boerema) increased in cv. Bellona after spraying haulms with diquat as did the amount of infection caused byFusarium avenaceum (Corda ex. Fr.) Sacc. in all three cultivars (Bintje, Bellona, and Magnum Bonum). The lowestP. foveata infection levels occurred after pulling haulms. Late harvesting increased the frequency ofP. foveata in cvs Bintje and Bellona both at 2 and 4 wks interval between haulm treatment and harvest. Tuber and visible stem infection
caused byP. foveata were correlated for cvs Bintje and Bellona, but not for cv. Magnum Bonum. The possible relation between tuber and stem infection
is discussed. 相似文献
16.
Sharareh Hekmat Nader Soltani Christy Shropshire Peter H. Sikkema 《Crop Protection》2008,27(12):1491-1494
Imazamox plus bentazon has the potential to provide broad spectrum weed control in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field trials were conducted in Ontario over a two year period (2003 and 2006) to evaluate the effect of imazamox plus bentazon applied post-emergence at 25 + 600 and 50 + 1200 g ai ha−1 on black, brown, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, white and yellow eye beans. Treatments included a non-treated check. All treatments were maintained weed free during the growing season. The eight market classes responded similarly to imazamox plus bentazon. Imazamox plus bentazon applied post-emergence caused less than 4% visible injury at 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment. Imazamox plus bentazon applied post-emergence did not have any effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and yield of dry bean. Based on these results, imazamox plus bentazon at the proposed maximum use dose can be safely used for weed management in black, brown, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, white and yellow eye bean production in Ontario. Additional research is needed to determine if cultivars within a market class of dry bean differ in their response to imazamox plus bentazon. 相似文献
17.
Gülay Tuncer 《Potato Research》2002,45(2-4):153-161
Summary Powdery scab, caused by the fungusSpongospora subterranea, has developed in the Cappodocia region of Turkey because of changes in agronomic practices, such as excessive irrigation
and nitrogen fertilizer use and growth of highly susceptible cultivars. The most suitable irrigation and nitrogen application
levels were established to maintain powdery scab at minimum levels without affecting potato yield. Three irrigation levels
were used in 1998 (673, 897, 1121 mm) and five in 1999 (329, 494, 658, 823, 987 mm). Nitrogen levels were applied 150, 300,
450, 600 kg N ha−1. In 1998, least powdery scab occurred with 673 mm irrigation, which yielded 41 t ha−1 potatoes. The lowest disease severity occurred in 1999 with 494 mm irrigation and 150 kg N ha−1. At these levels, tuber yield was 34 t ha−1 which was not significantly different from the highest yield measured. In 1999 and at two of the three irrigation levels
inl998, nitrogen increased disease severity. 相似文献
18.
施肥对贵州直播油菜产量和养分吸收的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2011-2012年于贵州省油菜主产区设置直播油菜氮磷钾硼肥田间试验,以推广品种油研599为材料,研究施肥对产量、养分累积量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响,以期明确当地(典型的南方水稻土)的养分限制因子,为该地区直播油菜的合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,与不施肥相比,施肥提高了直播油菜的产量,各处理中以NPKB处理的产量最高,平均为2 189kg/hm2。缺氮、缺磷、缺钾和缺硼处理相比NPKB处理分别减产961、342、295和184kg/hm2,表明该地区直播油菜的养分限制因子依次为N > P > K > B。与当地农民习惯施肥(FFP)相比,NPKB处理增加了施肥量,产量明显提升,平均增产430kg/hm2;养分累积量和肥料利用率也均有明显提高,氮、磷、钾分别增加28.6kg/hm2和13.5%、9.6kg/hm2和3.3%、71.4kg/hm2和23.9%。从经济效益看,NPKB处理相比FFP处理收益平均增加1 109元/hm2。肥料合理配施可以明显提高直播油菜产量、养分累积和经济效益,在当前贵州省直播油菜的生产中,应积极推行合理的平衡施用技术和科学的施肥方法,从而达到高产、高效、高收益的目的。 相似文献
19.
Summary Foliar sprays of calonyctin, a natural plant growth regulator extracted from the leaves ofCalonyction aculeatum (L.) House, at a concentration 0.05 activity units, increased the tuber yield of six potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars by 7–19% (mean 15%) during 1993 and 1994. Physiological differences between calonyctin-treated and untreated
potato plants were usually detected 30–40 days after spraying them with calonyctin. The chlorophyll content of treated potato
leaves increased, and the chlorophyll a:b ratio decreased. By 40 days after treatment the root oxidizability and soluble protein
contents of different parts of the plants also increased. Their subsequent decline as the plants aged was inhibited by calonyctin.
It is concluded that calonyctin delayed the senescence of potato plants and increased tuber growth at later stages of development. 相似文献
20.
D. K. Harder 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,45(2):127-137
The winged bean,Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC has been widely recognised as a potentially useful source of protein for tropical regions of the world. A neglected aspect of the plants nutritional quality has been the reporting of the accumulation of aluminum (Al) in the edible parts of the plant; the leaves, pods, seeds and tubers. The accumulation of Al in the plant on acidic tropical soils and the implication of Al to human health problems further justified the inclusion of Al in nutritional analysis. Field experiments on two varieties of the winged bean, the USDA-releaseHi-Flyer and an unnamed variety from the Phillipines, showed that all edible portions of the plant accumulate Al from high to very high levels when compared to an average of usually less than 300 ppm in other crop plants. Aluminum accumulation is generally highest in the youngest tissues particularly in the young roots with levels recorded as high as 25,000 ppm and these contents are as high as levels for recognised Al accumulators such as the leaves ofPinus and tea. Future improvement breeding programs for the winged bean will necessarily require identifying and taking advantage of possible variation in Al accumulation between varieties. 相似文献