Study on Isozyme Electrophoresis of Martes zibellina L.

IntroductionM8rtssZibelliDaL.,belongingtoCarnivoraodder,MuStelidaefsmily,Martesgenus,isakindofrarefurbearinganimal.itsfuristhetreasureoffursorpeltsofwildlif6,andmartencoatsmadewithitareconsideredas"TheFurChampion"andarewellknownathomesndabroad.M8deszibelliDaL.ismainlydistributedinRussia,Mongolia,Korea,JapanandXinjiangProvinceandNortheastareaofChina.Foralongtime,duetotheenvironmentaldeteriorationandoverhunting,theamountofthepopulationsofwildM8desZibelliDaL.hasbeendroppingoff.Forthisre…     

Control of Lymantria dispar L. by biological agents

The experiment on control ofLymantria dispar L by using different kinds of biological measures, including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) ofLymantria dispar L., BtMP-342, sex-attractant as well as botanical insecticide, was carried out in the forest regions of Inner Mongolia in 2003. Two concentrations (2.632×10⁶ PIB·ml⁻¹ and 2.632×10⁷ PIB·ml⁻¹) ofLymantria dispar L. NPV were sprayed on the 2rd-instar-larvae ofL. dispar and 70% and 77.8% control effect were obtained respectively. BtMP0-342 was applied to the 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae and the control effect was around 80%. The sex-attractant provided by Canada Pacific Forestry Research Center also showed a good result in trappingL. dispar adults. The self-produced botanical insecticide, which was extracted from a kind of poisonous plant distributed in Daxing'an Mountains, China, exhibited a good control result in controlling the larvae ofL. dispar, and 82% mortality was observed when spraying primary liquid of the botanical insecticide on the 3rd–5th-instar-larvae in lab. Foundation item: This paper was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C0235) and Youth Foundation of Harbin City (0061218024). Biography: ZHANG Guo-cai (1964), male, Ph. Doctor Candidate, associate professor in School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

国内外无患子属种质资源研究进展

无患子属（Sapindus L.）种质资源是无患子产业发展的基础,种质资源研究可为探讨无患子属的起源、进化、分类、资源保护与利用、良种选育、高效栽培等提供科学依据和基础。文中综述了国内外无患子属分类、分布及亲缘关系,种质资源的收集、保存与评价,种质资源多样性等方面的研究进展,得出如下结论:1）世界上无患子属树种共13种,我国分布4种1变种;2）我国多个研究团队收集、保存无患子属种质资源近1 000份,以假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸利用为目标,筛选评价出性状优异的9个种源、7个家系和54株优树;3）无患子种质资源在表型、假种皮皂苷、种子脂肪酸、遗传等方面多样性丰富,并受环境因子极大的影响,根据遗传多样性分析推测我国无患子起源于自然分布区中部并向四周扩散。研究认为,目前研究仍存在种质资源收集不足、缺乏对该属树种系统研究和无优良品种推出等亟待解决的问题,提出应加强无患子属分子生物学基础研究、以居群为单位加强无患子属种质资源收集和评价力度、加强良种选育和高效培育技术以及国际合作研究等建议,以期为无患子产业可持续发展提供有力支撑,促进无患子属种质资源的开发利用。     

A novel hepatoprotective saponin from Celosia cristata L.

A new saponin, cristatain (1), together with four other saponins, celosin A (2), celosin B (3), celosin C (4) and celosin D (5) were isolated from the seeds of Celosia cristata L. (Amaranthaceae). Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic analyses. For the first time, the saponins were found in C. cristata L. In addition, compound 1 exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)- and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)–induced hepatotoxicity in mice, which were evidenced by significant decreases in the values of asparate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of serum and histopathological examinations compared to controls.     

行道树国槐不同形态重金属富集效能研究

[目的]揭示不同形态重金属在行道树国槐各器官的富集特征。[方法]采用改进BCR连续提取法对北京市蓝靛厂北路旁的土壤和国槐的叶片、树枝、树皮、树干与树根中Cr、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb等7种重金属元素进行提取,并用ICP-MS测定各形态重金属浓度。[结果]结果表明:树皮中7种重金属元素浓度最高,重金属元素在树根向树干、树干向树枝和树枝向树叶的迁移均以酸溶态为主。树皮和树干为重金属元素的主要贮存器官;重金属元素在叶片中以相对活跃的酸溶态存在。国槐对不同形态重金属的富集效能大小依次为:可氧化态可还原态酸溶态残渣态;国槐对7种重金属的平面富集效能和空间富集效能分别达到372.90 mg·m~(-2)和45.48 mg·m~(-3)。[结论]国槐各器官的重金属浓度存在显著差异;重金属元素在国槐体内的运输以酸溶态为主;重金属元素以相对稳定形态贮存在树皮和树干;国槐对可氧化态重金属的有效净化效率高于其他形态。     

Comparison of gene delivery methods for transformation ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. by Ti-plasmid

The binary vector plasmid pIG121-Hm carrying the chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase (npt II), β-glucuronidase (gusA) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) genes was delivered intoRobinia pseudoacacia L. callus using theAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method and particle gun transformation method. It was determined that adding 10 mg/L of acetosyringone toAgrobacterium infection medium and callus-Agrobacterium co-culture medium could increaseAgrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency. In contrast, particle gun transformation could successfully deliver plasmid DNA into the callus, but its transformation efficiency was lower and gene expression was transient in comparison with theAgrobacterium-mediated method, suggesting that substantially stronger promoters might be required.     

Two new amide alkaloids from the flower of Datura metel L.

Two new amide alkaloids were isolated from the alkaloidal fraction of Datura metel L. Their structures were elucidated as (E)-methyl 4-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacrylamido) butanoate and 6,7-dimethyl-1-D-ribityl-quinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione-5′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic methods including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Tropane alkaloids have for a long time been considered as characteristic ingredients of D. metel. However, the presence of amide alkaloids in D. metel was reported for the first time in this study.     

Bioactive saponins from the fruits of Aesculus pavia L

Continued chemical investigation on the fruits of Aesculus pavia L. resulted in theisolation and identification of two new oleanolic acid saponins, namely vaccaroside A (1) andvaccaroside B (2). The isolated furostanol saponins were evaluated for cytotoxic activity againsthuman normal amniotic and human lung carcinoma cell lines using neutral red and MTT assays.In vitro experiments showed significant cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner with IC50 valuesin the range of 27.80–79.02 μM.     

Bio-productivity ofPinus sylvestris L. var.mongolica plantation on west Kerqin sandy land

The biomass and net primary production of Mongolian scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var.mongolica) plantations of west Kerqin sandy land were measured. According to average standard trees, the biomass, net primary production and their distributions of trunk, bark, branch, leaf and root of 16-year-old stand were analyzed. The regressive equation for the estimation of each organ biomass was established through dimensional analysis. Preferable equation with higher precision was selected. The study results showed that the total biomass of the forest community was 62.023 t/hm² and net primary production was 5.045 t/(hm²·a), which indicates that the community of plantation possesses high bio-productivity. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

基于ArcGIS和MaxEnt的槐气候适宜性和潜在分布研究

利用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS和最大熵模型MaxEnt,依据收集到的槐分布数据,结合环境因子,对影响槐的关键气候因子及适生等级进行分析。结果表明,影响槐分布的关键气候因子分别是最冷月最低温(Bio6)、年降水量(Bio12)、4月最低温(T_min4);最适宜槐生长的基本生态位参数为最冷月最低温在-11.1～12.7℃,年降水量在480.0～2 455.0 mm, 4月最低温在4.3～21.1℃。槐在全国范围内的中适生及以上区域主要集中在华东、华中全境以及东北、华北、西北、西南和华南的部分区域。本研究预测的结果与槐实际资源分布区域基本吻合,可为槐种质资源收集与种植规划布局提供参考依据。     

大叶桑组织培养的研究

以大叶桑(Morus alba L.)为材料,对其进行组织培养,研究结果表明:大叶桑增殖最佳培养基为:MS+BA2.0～4.0+IAA0.5,增殖系数为4;生根最佳培养基为1/3MS+IBA0.6,生根率达93.3%;无菌苗使用珍珠岩与腐殖土混合基质炼苗效果最好,生长情况最好。     

Plantlets regeneration from root explants ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. by suspension culture

A rapid and efficient method for the regeneration of plantlets from root explants ofRobinia pseudoacacia L. by suspension culture was established. The roots taken from aseptically grown 15-day-old seedlings were used as explants. It was determined that photoperiodicity was necessary for root proliferation, and that the promotive effect of IAA (3-indoleacetic acid) on root proliferation was better than that of IBA (3-indolebutyric acid). The roots cultured in 1/2 MS liquid medium containing 3 μM IAA and 1% sucrose at 25°C under 16-hour photoperiod with 50 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹ PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) shaking at 100 times/min reciprocally showed high efficiency for root proliferation. BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) was found to be essential to induce adventitious shoots from the roots, and the roots cultured in the medium supplied with 3 μM BAP combined with 1–6 μM IAA for 3 weeks under the same conditions as in the root proliferation period were most suitable for adventitious shoot inducement.     

Influences of antibiotics on plantlet regeneration via organogenesis in Ioblolly pine （Pinus taeda L.）

Three antibiotics ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cefotaxime were evaluated for their effects on induction, growth, and differentiation of organogenic calli, as well as rooting of regenerated shoots of three Ioblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes. Of the antibiotics administered, cefotaxime maximally increased the frequency of callus formation and growth rate of organogeni ccalli, carbenicillin maximally increased the frequency of shoot regeneration and the average number of adventitious shoots per piece of organogenic callus, ampicUlin maximally decreased the rooting frequency of regenerated shoots and mean number of roots per regenerated shoot, in comparison with antibiotic-free media. Compared with the control, ampicillin minimally increased the frequency of callus formation, cefotaxime minimally increased the frequency of shoot regeneration, and carbenicillin minimally decreased the rooting frequency of regenerated shoots in three Ioblolly pine genotypes tested. All three antibiotics increased the frequencies of callus formation and shoot regeneration, and reduced the rooting frequency ot regenerated shoots suggested that the establishment of an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for stable integration of foreign genes into Ioblolly pine need to select a suitable antibiotic. This investigation could be useful for optimizing genetic transformation of conifers.     

Proanthocyanidins and a phloroglucinol derivative from Rumex acetosa L.

From the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of an acetone–water extract of the aerial parts of Rumex acetosa L. (Polygonaceae), a variety of monomeric flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin-3-O-gallate), A- and B-type procyanidins and propelargonidins (15 dimers, 7 trimers, 2 tetramers) were isolated with 5 so far unknown natural products. Dimers: procyanidin B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B7, A2, epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin, epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (new natural product), epiafzelechin-(4β→6)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (new natural product), epiafzelechin-3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, B2-3′-O-gallate, B2-3,3′-di-O-gallate, B5-3′-O-gallate, and B5-3,3′-di-O-gallate. Trimers: procyanidin C1, epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin (new natural product), epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin, cinnamtannin B1, cinnamtannin B1-3-O-gallate (new natural product), tentatively epicatechin-(2β→7, 4β→8)-epiafzelechin-(4α→8)-epicatechin (new natural product), and epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate.Tetramers: procyanidin D1 and parameritannin A1. All compounds were elucidated by ESI-MS, CD spectra, 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments as free phenols or peracetylated derivatives and, in part, after partial acid-catalysed degradation with phloroglucinol.A more abundant proanthocyanidin polymer was also isolated, purified and its chemical composition studied by ¹³C NMR.In addition a so far unknown phloroglucinolglycoside (1-O-β-d-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-6-O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-glucopyranoside) was isolated.     

Effects of different culture media on the growth of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) seedlings in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, southern China

We studied the effects of different culture media on the growth of India sandalwood (Santalum album L.) seedlings in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province in southern China. Five different growth substrates, lateritic subsoil, burnt soil, agricultural soil, peaty soil and coconut dust, were used as the basic culture materials and seven different treatments of composition were used as potting media. Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Vent. was used as a primary host plant for all treatments. Statistically significant differences were found between treatments in respects of survival rate (p < 0.001), height (p < 0.001), ground diameter (p < 0.001) and biomass (p = 0.002), as well as for quality index (p = 0.001) of S. album seedlings after 6-month growth in containers with different culture media. Among all treatments, the treatment combining burnt soil, peat and coconut dust in a weight ratio of 1:1:1 plus 2% calcium super-phosphate as basal manure achieved the best performance for most of the seedling growth parameters, including survival rate (98%), height (35.81 cm), ground diameter (0.56 cm), biomass (4.46 g) and quality index (0.65), followed by the treatment using only burnt soil plus 2% calcium super-phosphate as the culture medium (survival rate 86%, height 29.23 cm, ground diameter 0.48 cm, biomass 3.36 g and quality index 0.52), while the treatment using only lateritic subsoil plus the basal manure as the medium obtained the poorest results in survival rate (38%), height (12.04 cm), ground diameter (0.19 cm), biomass (0.26 g) and quality index (0.043). Increasing the proportion of lateritic subsoil in the medium when mixed with peat and coconut dust did not show statistically significant differences in survival, height, ground diameter, biomass nor in quality index. In consideration of cost, using burnt soil plus 2% calcium super-phosphate as basal manure may be the optimum culture medium for large-scale production of Indian sandalwood seedlings in Guangdong, southern China.     

腰果育苗技术研究

采取温水、冷水浸泡种子，不同浓度的吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸、阿德尼克等生长激素浸种。分别在昆明、元谋、金平进行腰果育苗技术的研究。不同处理的多点试验结果证明用始温为50℃的热水或用30mg/100g的吲哚丁酸溶液浸种24h，成苗率可提高1．69倍，且苗木生长健壮。     

麻疯树对土壤性状的影响研究进展

麻疯树是公认的生物燃料植物之一,也是一种具有修复土壤重金属污染潜力的物种。近年来,基于麻疯树速生和各器官含有毒物质,麻疯树对土壤产生的影响越来越受到关注。文中综述了麻疯树对土壤物理性状、化学性状、微生物数量、微生物群落组成及土壤酶活性变化的影响,展望了未来的研究方向。研究表明,在不同种植条件下麻疯树引起土壤水分含量、pH值、主要养分含量及微生物多样性变化的趋势不同,麻疯树对土壤性状影响的研究存在一定局限性。建议深入研究麻疯树种植及其凋落物对土壤性状的影响,以期为麻疯树种植与调控提供科学参考。     

蓝靛果忍冬引种栽培的研究

在牡丹江地区进行蓝靛果忍冬品种‘蓓蕾’的引种栽培试验,对2018~2019年蓝靛果忍冬蓓蕾的物候期、植物学性状、果实性状及产量进行了调查。结果表明:蓝靛果忍冬品种‘蓓蕾’能够正常生长和结果并表现出较好的植株和果实性状、较强的丰产性和抗逆性,可在黑龙江省牡丹江地区推广栽培。     

银杏雄花性状的研究

连续2a测定分析了扬州市内2株树势健壮、开花正常，花量一致的成年银杏雄株的化花序形状、花离颜色，花序大小，花柄长短，单花重，花囊形状与大小、花粉数量与大小及其淀粉含量等性状指标，结果表明，银杏雄株树龄越大，1年生枝的生长量相对较小，雄花每花囊的花粉和雄花每花序的花粉数亦相对较小，其花粉的淀粉含亦相对较低，不同雄株同雄花的单花重，花序的长、宽和长／宽；花柄的长和宽，每花序的花囊数；花粉粒直径及花粉淀粉含量具促进或极显著差异，雄花的花柄长（x1）和花序长（y1），花柄宽（x2）与花序宽（y2）及花柄长／宽（x3）与花序长／宽（y3），具有显著或极显著相关，其相关回归方程分别为^/y1＝1．7909＋0．3440x1（r1＝0．2440^**），^y2＝0．5211＋0．8378x2（r2＝0．2530^**）,^y3＝2．7455＋0．08743x3（r＝0．2237^*）。     

银杏高干枝,根同接法研究

介绍了银杏高干枝、根同接的培良床制作、枝干、接根、接穗的选择，退接时间、方法及接后管理的方法。