主要动物蚊媒病的流行概况及传入我国的风险分析

蚊是传播乙型脑炎病毒、赤羽病病毒、西尼罗病毒、水泡性口炎病毒、基孔肯雅热病毒、东方马脑炎病毒、西方马脑炎病毒、委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒、圣路易斯脑炎病毒、裂谷热病毒等动物虫媒病毒的生物媒介。动物蚊媒病对畜牧业发展构成了严重威胁,造成巨大的经济损失。本文整理汇总了主要动物蚊媒病的流行状况及其相关传播媒介蚊科的种类,并对未传入我国潜在的动物蚊媒病进行了风险分析,为我国动物蚊媒病的进一步研究和预防控制提供理论依据。     

我国动物虫媒病毒媒介库蠓种类分布

库蠓(Culicoides)是动物蓝舌病、施马伦贝格病、水泡性口炎、赤羽病、鹿流行性出血病等重要动物虫媒病的传播媒介。本文介绍了库蠓的生态习性,包括栖息性、繁殖、吸血习性、地理分布、季节消长、种群优势、物种多样性以及中国库蠓的区系分布和种类,分析了传播动物虫媒病病毒的库蠓种类及其在我国的分布情况,为进一步研究和防制重要动物虫媒病提供科学依据。     

广州亚运无疫区相关马病的风险分析和防控

为建设广州亚运无特定马属动物疫病区,保障广州亚运马术比赛的顺利进行,我们于2008～2010年通过对相关区域的虫媒、野生动物的种类、数量、分布和季节变化等进行调查研究,并对所采集的虫媒和野生动物样品进行相关马病的实验室检测。结果发现,广州亚运无疫区马术场及其周围区域存在一定种类数量的蚊、蝇、虻、蠓、蜱、蝙蝠、野鸟和野猪,虫媒、野生动物所涉及的日本脑炎、水疱性口炎、尼帕病毒病、亨德拉病毒病、西尼罗河热和/或伊氏锥虫病的检测结果均为阴性。我们根据上述调查及实验室检验结果,对虫媒、野生动物传播相关马病的风险进行分析,认为虫媒、野生动物传播相关马病的风险较低或很低,并根据风险评估结论有针对性的采取了以防为主、药物杀灭为辅兼顾环境治理的综合防控措施,为成功建立起我国首个无特定马属动物疫病区和保障第十六届广州亚运会马术比赛的顺利进行打下了坚实的基础。     

猪场重要虫媒及其传播病原研究进展

近年来,非洲猪瘟、牛结节性皮肤病等外来可由虫媒传播的疫病肆虐中国,而一些已在国外流行的虫媒传播病原如非洲马瘟等传入中国的风险也越来越高,严重危害中国畜牧养殖业的发展和公共卫生安全。特别是2018年8月以来非洲猪瘟在中国的流行给养猪业带来重要警示信息,即防止猪场媒介生物进入并阻断其携带病原的传播将成为猪场生物安全的重点。蚊、蝇、蠓及蜱等是猪场和发病猪群传播疫病的重要虫媒因素,虫媒种类及从虫媒中分离到的病毒、细菌、寄生虫等病原种类繁杂,虫媒生物特性的差异对病原的传播方式和传播能力也不尽相同。鉴于此,作者详细归纳了猪场存在的主要虫媒种类及其传播的重要猪病病原,包括猪乙型脑炎病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒、盖塔病毒、猪肠道冠状病毒、大肠杆菌、猪链球菌等,并探讨其危害性和传播风险,以降低猪场虫媒传播疾病所带来的经济损失。     

人畜（牛,猪,马,羊）共患虫媒病毒病研究现况

虫媒病毒（Arbovirus）又称节肢动物病毒（Arthropod－borneVirVs）,是指能在敏感的节肢动物蚊、蝉、白岭、嫁等吸血昆虫体内繁殖但不致病,而通过吸血昆虫叮咬将病毒传播给人畜引起人畜严重疾病的一组病毒,所致疾病称为病毒性人畜共患病（ViralZoonoses）一虫媒病毒在自然界的循环是靠媒介昆虫来维持的,所以虫媒病毒病属于自然疫源性疾病（Diseaseof）atura1rocuS）－l虫媒病毒特点问）虫媒病毒种类多,到1998年底止在国际虫媒病毒中心注册登记的虫媒病毒已达546种,其中143种可引起人畜的严重疾病,（2）虫媒病毒分布广,遍及五大…     

禽虫媒病毒感染的诊断和防控

虫媒病毒是节肢动物携带病毒的简写,病毒在节肢动物体内复制,然后通过吸血传播给其他宿主。随着我国对外贸易的深入,国外活禽或其肉制品的进口可能携带禽虫媒性病毒,我们要对国外,尤其是以美国为主要国家的北美地区的禽虫媒病的流行、诊断和防控措施,应有一定的了解,以供借鉴并做好防控工作。     

黑龙江省五常市和双城市乙脑等相关虫媒病毒调查

虫媒病毒(arbovirus)是通过吸血节肢动物叮咬敏感的脊椎动物,使其发病从而传播疾病的一类病毒.虫媒病毒在节肢动物体内增殖但并不引发疾病,而虫媒病毒病绝大多数属于自然疫源性疾病.     

夏季高温谨防鸡白冠病

鸡虫媒性传染性疾病,是由昆虫传播引起的一类体内寄生虫病,该类疾病的发生主要是通过昆虫叮咬传播或通过体内繁殖后再传染给鸡。该类疾病传播速度快,一旦会在较短时间内波及整个鸡群,给养殖户造成不可挽回的经济损失。特别是夏秋季节雨水多,对库蠓(小黑蚊)、蚊、蝇等吸血昆虫大量繁殖十分有利。而这些昆虫是白冠病等虫媒性传染病的主要传播媒介。因此做好鸡的虫媒性传染病的预防和治疗是提高养鸡生产效益的重要措施。     

间接血凝抑制试验检测猪盖他病抗体方法的建立和应用

盖他病 ( Getah)是由蚊虫传播的一种虫媒传染病 ,主要侵害马和猪 ,本病多发生于亚洲 ,特别是东南亚地区。盖他病病毒最初是由美国陆军医学研究单位于 195 5年在虫媒病毒感染的流行病学研究中 ,从马来西亚的雪背库蚊 ( C.gelidus)中分离到的病毒 ,并命名为盖他病毒 ( Getah Viru     

猪日本脑炎的防治

日本脑炎(japanese encephalitis, JE)又称流行性乙型脑炎,简称乙脑,是由日本脑炎病毒(japanese encephalitis virus, JEV)引起的一种严重的人兽共患虫媒病毒性疾病,该病对人类危害巨大,是人类中枢神经系统最常见的虫媒病之一,广泛分布于亚洲,物别是远东的一些国家和地区,但近年来其流行分布范围有不断扩大的趋势.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。