建立标准化基地 实现标准化养殖

为了适应农业产业化发展进程,实现企业生产现代化,辽宁省阜新市美中鹅业工贸有限责任公司制订了坚持走农业产业化道路的发展策略,通过实现行业资源的整合,实现养殖业的标准化、规范化、程序化和现代化,满足市场需求和带动农民致富.     

加强标准化工作 改善标准化服务功能

一、饲料工业标准化工作是现代化生产的重要手段标准化工作是社会化大生产的产物,是现代化生产的重要手段.没有标准化就不可能有高速度、高质量.现代化生产的水平与标准化程度是相辅相成的,是互相促进的.饲料工业不仅是一个现代化工业生产体系,而且是直接关系到改善全国人民的膳食结构及营养水平的基础性工业.为了取得饲料工业的最佳生产效益,除了需要具体的技术规范、产品质量、监测方法等方面的标准化工作外,在经济管理、信息管理、行政事务、财会管理乃至人才培训等方面也需要标准化.国外在企业管理、工作方法、服务质量等方面已有不少成功的标准或规程报道,值得借鉴.     

标准化生产

标准化生产就是在生产过程中贯彻执行标准和对贯彻执行情况实施监督。生产者依据标准规定组织生产,国家有关部门依据标准对生产过程实施监察和督导。在当今飞速发展的前提下,企业不断的完善自己,提高自己,加强自身的竞争能力,严格执行标准化生产,加强生产安全标准化、生产现场标准化、生产管理标准化等应用管理刻不容缓,本文就此类问题作一综述,希望能有所帮助。     

建标准化示范园区促蚕业标准化生产

近年来,地处浙西山区的淳安县依托优良的生态环境、健全的产业服务网络以及完善的“公司 农户”、“合同蚕业”产业化机制优势,在加大蚕桑产业结构调整力度、大力建设连片优质新品种桑基地,致力打造千岛湖牌茧丝品牌的同时,十分重视产业的标准化生产。早在2002年5月获得国家工商管理总局“千岛湖”牌桑蚕茧商标注册的同时,本县就成立了《千岛湖牌桑蚕茧》生产地方标准编制小组,开始了标准的拟订,并于2003年4月通过了省级专家的评审且由淳安县质量技术监督局批准发布实施,由此淳安成为了浙江省第一个制定发布品牌蚕茧生产地方技术标准的县(市…     

果桑标准化栽培技术

浙江省金华市为进一步促进本地区果桑标准化生产,特制订果桑生产技术规程.本规程规定了金华市范围内果桑栽培的园地选择、苗木选择、栽植与树型养成、果桑园管理以及大棚栽培等技术要求.     

山东标准化生产实践

山东省是我国畜牧业生产大省，也是畜产品出口主要基地，养殖园区遍布全省。2002年全省畜产品及其加工制成品出口创汇21.21亿美元，其中，畜产品出口8．08亿美元；禽肉出口约占全国的50％以上。近年来由于药残、疫病、饲养环境等问题，产品出口屡遭封杀。2001年山东省在全国率先提出了推广畜产品标准化生产，取得了初步成效，摸索出了许多有借鉴意义的经验和做法。     

浅谈畜牧业标准化

推行标准化,是国家的一项重要的技术经济政策.畜牧业标准化是农业标准化的重要组成部分。当前,我国农业正处在由传统自然经济向现代商品经济转化的过程中,畜牧业的发展日益具备现代经济的基本特征,在复杂的畜牧业生产活动中,从技术流程到最终产品都要求规范化、标准化,需要制定技术先进、经济合理、实用性强的统一标准。因此,推行     

饲料原料的标准化

随着饲料工业的发展,饲料工业标准化被提到科研、管理工作的议事日程."六·五"、"七·五"期间,国家有关饲料开发方面的重点科技攻关项目上,开始列上了饲料原料标准化的专题研究,近几年,国家又建立了饲料工业标准化技术委员会,同时,开始颁布实施了数十项饲料原料标准,并由国家和地方的专门技术监督机构或部门监督执行.在饲料工业部门的发展中正在起着提高质量和生产效率,提高畜牧生产水平的作用.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.