口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白VP2-3-1基因的克隆及原核表达

根据口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）china99流行毒株基因序列设计特异引物，以阳性质粒pGEM—p1为模板，扩增p1基因。p1片段经Nco1和Xho1酶消化后，得到目的基因VP2—3—1，将其与经相同酶消化的表达载体pProEx—HTb连接并转化BL21（DE3），经PCR、酶切鉴定和序列分析筛选阳性克隆，经IPTG诱导后SDS—PAGE检测，结果表明VP2—3—1基因得到表达；Western blotting结果显示，该表达蛋白能被口蹄疫病毒阳性血清所识别。     

口蹄疫病毒P12X3C3D多基因编码蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达与检测

利用杆状病毒表达系统构建了包含有口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）P12X3C3D多基因片段的重组杆状病毒。将该病毒感染Sf9细胞后，利用SDS—PAGE及夹心ELISA方法检测目的蛋白的表达。结果表明，重组杆状病毒能够表达FMDV目的蛋白，该表达产物能被FMDV阳性血清识别，具有一定的反应原性。     

口蹄疫病毒3D基因的真核表达及其表达产物的功能分析

利用RT—PCR技术扩增口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）编码RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶的3D基因，经测序确认后将其克隆到真核表达质粒载体pcDNA3．1（＋）中，重组质粒pcDNA3．1（＋）-3D经HindⅢ、XbaⅠ双酶切后转染至BHK-21细胞。用纯化的目的蛋白进行Western—blotting鉴定，并预测该3D基因表达产物的三级结构。结果显示，获得分子质量约55ku的单一3D基因表达产物，其三级结构较为保守。利用RNA细胞内复制体系和荧光定量RT-PCR技术，证明3D基因表达产物在细胞内可促进口蹄疫病毒基因组的复制。     

口蹄疫病毒RNA复制酶基因3D的克隆、表达及纯化

利用RT-PCR扩增了口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的RNA复制酶基因，并将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a( )中。重组质粒在大肠杆菌中表达后的目的蛋白为可溶性形式，纯化产物用感染A型FMDV的豚鼠康复血清进行Western-blotting检测，结果表明，3D基因得到了正确的表达。     

口蹄疫病毒P1 2A和3C基因重组逆转录病毒表达载体的构建

以A型口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）AV88（L）和XJ99株的P12X基因和AV88（L）3C基因的阳性克隆质粒为模板，用PCR扩增各基因片段，酶切后分步定向亚克隆至逆转录病毒表达载体pBABE-puro上经PCR、酶切鉴定及测序。结果表明，获得了2个含不同RGD基序的A型FMDV衣壳蛋白和蛋白酶基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体pBABE-AV88（L）P1 2X3C和pBABE-XJ99 P1 2X3C，为研究安全、高效、低成本的FMDV空衣壳亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

口蹄疫病毒VP1基因的克隆及结构蛋白VP1的原核表达

根据Genbank中的O型口蹄疫病毒全基因序列设计了一对扩增口蹄疫病毒VP1基因的引物，用该特异性表达引物从口蹄疫阳性质粒pMD—P1中扩增得到目的基因VP1（639bp）。用相同的限制性内切酶酶切目的基因和表达载体PET32a后构建重组表达载体．转化宿主菌BL21（DE3），经酶切及PCR鉴定筛选出阳性克隆．测序证明目的基因正确插入了表达载体，用不同浓度的IPTG诱导VP1基因的表达，收集菌液进行SDS—PAGE电泳，Westerll—blotting分析蛋白免疫原性。结果表明，VP1结构蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达量较高，表达产物的分子量约为41Ku，并能被口蹄疫阳性血清所识别，经分析表达蛋白约占菌体蛋白的34％。口蹄疫病毒VP1蛋白在大肠杆菌中高效表达且表达产物具有免疫原性。     

猪O型口蹄疫病毒重组结构蛋白的纯化及间接ELISA方法的建立

将猪O型口蹄疫病毒（foot and mouth disease virus,FMDV）的VP0、VP1、VP3基因,通过SUMO融合表达载体在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中成功表达,获得大小为55、48和40 ku的融合蛋白,Western blotting检测结果表明,表达的蛋白质具有良好的生物学活性。采用亲和层析法纯化表达产物,分别以纯化的SUMO-VP0、SUMO-VP1、SUMO-VP3蛋白为抗原建立了FMDV的间接ELISA检测方法。200份田间血清样品的检测结果表明建立的SUMO-VP0-ELISA、SUMO-VP1-ELISA、SUMO-VP3-ELISA检测方法均具有良好的特异性和敏感性。     

利用SUMO表达系统高效表达猪O型口蹄疫病毒VP0、VP1、VP3基因

根据GenBank中公布的猪O型口蹄疫病毒(foot and mouth disease virus,FMDV)全基因合成了FMDV结构蛋白前体蛋白P1基因,同时设计了扩增FMDV结构蛋白VP0、VP1和VP3基因的引物。以P1基因为模板,分别经PCR扩增获得FMDV VP0、VP1和VP3基因。扩增产物克隆于Blunt载体中,酶切后将目的片段连接到原核表达载体SUMO中,构建重组表达质粒SUMO-VP0、SUMO-VP1和SUMO-VP3,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plysS进行诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳可见融合蛋白均获得高效表达,融合蛋白表观分子质量分别约为55、48和40 ku。在IPTG浓度为1.0 mmol/L,温度为37 ℃,诱导5 h时融合蛋白表达量最大。Western blotting结果表明,融合蛋白均可被FMDV阳性血清识别,反应原性良好。     

口蹄疫病毒泛亚株衣壳蛋白在大肠杆菌中高效表达和鉴定

以pT-P1质粒为模板,应用引物对P1-S2/P1-A2进行PCR扩增,获得口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）泛亚株全衣壳前体基因（P1）片段.用EcoRI 酶切并连接将P1克隆入表达载体pSOC中,以引物对Pr.78/P1-A2进行PCR扩增,鉴定P1基因插入方向正确.在大肠杆菌中以P1-SOC融合蛋白（约98ku）的形式获得高效表达（21%）.在0.5～3 mmol/L IPTG诱导浓度和37 ℃220 r/m振摇培养1～4 h条件下表达量保持稳定.表达产物经T4-3C蛋白酶作用,裂解后可产生多种蛋白.出现与抗口蹄疫血清反应的蛋白条带.     

口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白基因的克隆表达及免疫活性的研究

从口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)细胞培养物中提取总RNA,设计简并引物通过RT-PCR获得了完整的3ABC基因片段,将3AB基因和部分3ABC基因分别克隆到原核表达载体上构建重组表达质粒pET-3AB和pET-3ABC,然后转化BL21(DE3)plysS进行诱导表达,将表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析和Western blot鉴定.结果表明,3AB基因和3ABC基因可以在大肠埃希菌中高效表达,且表达产物能够与FMDV阳性血清产生免疫反应.进一步摸索重组蛋白的纯化条件,制备纯化蛋白,以纯化的表达产物为包被抗原进行间接ELISA检测,结果表明,重组蛋白具有特异的免疫学活性,能够用于鉴别FMDV感染动物血清和免疫动物血清.     

Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding four different canine immunoglobulin γ chains

cDNAs encoding four different canine immunoglobulin G (caIgG) γ chains were identified in this study. One of these IgG γ chain cDNAs, (caIgG-A), represents 92.5% of the IgG γ chain cDNAs in a dog spleen cell cDNA library; a second partial IgG γ chain cDNA (caIgG-B) was also identified in the library. The other two IgG γ chain cDNAs (caIgG-C and caIgG-D) were RT-PCR amplified from canine lymphoma samples. Comparison of the four different canine IgG γ chain cDNAs showed homologies from 83.6 to 89.2% and from 73.1 to 81.8% at nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels, respectively. Despite the high similarity in CH1, CH2 and CH3 domains among the different caIgG γ chains, the hinge regions were distinct, sharing only 19.0–35.2% homology at the amino acid level. No multiple duplication of the hinge region, as reported for human IgG1 and IgG3, was detected in any of the canine IgG γ chains. The numbers of cysteines in the putative hinge regions were found to be 3, 2, 7 and 3 for the four canine IgG heavy γ chains (A, B, C and D), respectively. Specific primers were designed based on caIgG γ chain hinge region DNA sequences and were used in RT-PCR for measuring different caIgG γ chain mRNA levels in canine PBMC samples.     

用3''RACE方法扩增并克隆口蹄疫病毒基因组3''末端序列

应用3’RACE方法扩增并克隆了口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)0H99株基因组3’端真实序列。测序结果表明,所扩增的目的基因片段长1500nt,包括3D基因部分序列、3’端非编码区(Non—Coding Region,NCR)和Poly(A)尾巴,其中3’NCR位于终止密码子TAA之后,长93nt,Poly(A)尾序列至少含有56个A。与参考毒株进行序列比较,结果显示,OH99株与0TY TW／97株的核苷酸同源性较高,为91．4％,而与O1K、CHINA99、A12等毒株的核苷酸同源性较低,其同源性分别为68．1％、71．0％、70．2％。3’NCR的末端存在保守性较高的基序：CCCTCAGATG,TTTTCCC—CGCTTCCT。本研究为进一步研究FMDV基因组的功能、构建OH99株的反向遗传操作系统奠定了基础。     

维生素K3的合成及应用

本文概述了维生素K3的各种合成技术路线，对维生素K3生产技术的发展进行了展望，介绍了其应用和市场供求现状。     

Establishment and Rudimentary Application of the nano-dPCR for Detection of PCV2 and PCV3

This study was aimed to establish a duplex nanoparticle-assisted PCR (nano-dPCR) method for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and PCV3, and to apply this method in the detection of PCV2 and PCV3. Primers specific to PCV2 and PCV3 were designed by reference to the respective gene sequences in GenBank. The reaction conditions of nano-dPCR were also optimized. An evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of the established nano-dPCR protocol proved the method to be both specific and sensitive, with the lower detection limit for the amount of nucleic acid in PCV2 and PCV3 to be 93.2 and 91.6 copies/μL, respectively. This sensitivity was 100 times higher than that of conventional PCR. The method was applied to inspect 265 clinical samples sent for testing, and the results showed that PCV2 and PCV3 infection in pig was rather common, with 16.6% positive for PCV3, 14.7% positive for PCV2, and 6.8% for mixed infection. The detection results on clinical samples supported the newly established nano-dPCR method as a rapid and sensitive differential diagnosis for the early infection of PCV2 and PCV3.     

PCV2和PCV3双重纳米PCR方法的建立及初步应用

本研究旨在建立一种同时检测猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）和猪圆环病毒3型（PCV3）的双重纳米PCR（nano-dPCR）方法,同时应用该方法对PCV2和PCV3进行检测。参考GenBank中登录的PCV2和PCV3型基因序列分别设计特异性引物,对nano-dPCR的反应条件进行优化;同时考察所建立的nano-dPCR检测方法的特异性和敏感性。结果显示,所建方法的特异性和敏感性良好,对PCV2和PCV3两种病毒的最低核酸检测量分别为93.2和91.6拷贝/μL,其敏感性比普通PCR高100倍。应用该方法对送检的265份临床样本进行检测,结果显示,PCV2和PCV3在猪群中存在普遍感染,PCV3和PCV2的阳性率分别为16.6%和14.7%,混合感染阳性率为6.8%。临床样品的检测结果表明,本试验建立的nano-dPCR方法为PCV2和PCV3早期感染进行快速、敏感鉴别诊断提供了新方法。     

La（NO3）3对达乌里胡枝子种子活力的影响

用质量浓度为100～1 000 μg/mL的La(NO3)3溶液处理48 h达乌里胡枝子Lespedeza davurica种子来研究其种子活力、种子吸水速率和膜透性。结果表明：质量浓度为200～800 μg/mL的La(NO3)3溶液浸种可促进达乌里胡枝子种子的萌发,提高种子活力,提高种子相对吸水量,增大膜通透性;质量浓度为700～800 μg/mL 的La(NO3)3处理效果最佳,质量浓度大于900 μg/mL则抑制种子萌发。     

抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒VP3单克隆抗体制备及抗原表位的初步分析

用纯化的原核表达的IBDV VP3蛋白免疫6~8周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠,经过3次免疫后,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经过3次有限稀释,获得分泌抗IBDV VP3抗体的4株(HRB-7B、HAR-7C、HRB-3F、HRB-10E)杂交瘤细胞系。结果表明,4株杂交瘤细胞分泌的抗体均能够特异地与IBDV VP3蛋白反应,细胞上清ELISA效价均在5.0×102以上,腹水ELISA效价为6.4×106以上;相加ELISA及肽扫描结果表明,4株中仅HRB-7C和HRB-10E 2株单抗针对的抗原表位相近,并利用肽扫描的方法初步定位4株单克隆抗体的抗原表位。本研究对进一步分析IBDV的结构与功能以及建立以表位为基础的抗原抗体诊断方法具有重要的意义。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒和牛副流感病毒3型三重RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根椐GenBank中牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒(bovine respiratory syncytial virus,BRSV)和牛副流感病毒3型(bovine parainfluenza virus type 3,BPIV-3)3种病毒基因序列,设计合成引物,建立3种病毒的三重RT-PCR方法。用这3对引物对同一样品中的BVDV、BRSV和BPIV-3核酸模板进行三重RT-PCR扩增,结果显示:可同时扩增BVDV的466 bp,BRSV的735 bp和BPIV-3的258 bp的特异性片段,而对其他4种病原的PCR扩增结果均为阴性;敏感性测定结果表明,该三重RT-PCR技术能检出10 pg的BVDV、1 pg的BPIV-3和10 pg的BRSV模板。用37份临床病料对本研究多重RT-PCR技术和单项RT-PCR技术进行对比验证,结果显示:两者的总符合率为100%。结果表明:建立的多重RT-PCR检测方法,具有特异、快速、准确的特点,可用于对这3种病毒的同时检测和鉴别诊断。     

Complement Receptor Type 3 (CR3)- and Fc Receptor (FcR)-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) Secretion and Their Intracellular Signalling of Bovine Neutrophils

Complement receptor type 3 (CR3)- and Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion and their intracellular signalling of bovine neutrophils were evaluated. Relative density of MMP-9 secreted by neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan (OPZ, stimulant for CR3) was significantly (p < 0.05) increased when the OPZ concentration was increased from 0 to 0.4 mg/ml. Similar results were obtained for neutrophils stimulated with heat-aggregated IgG (Agg-IgG, stimulant for Fc receptor) at concentrations from 0 to 0.40 mg/ml. Preincubation of neutrophils with 1–30 nmol/L wortmannin (phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) resulted in inhibition of MMP-9 secretion induced by stimulation with OPZ and Agg-IgG in a concentration-dependent manner, 30 nmol/L wortmannin causing complete inhibition. Similarly, preincubation of neutrophils with 0–100 μmol/L genistein (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) also resulted in inhibition of OPZ- and Agg-IgG-induced MMP-9 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100 μmol/L genistein causing complete inhibition. Significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations were found between MMP-9 and luminal-dependent chemiluminescent response (LDCL) in the case of stimulation with OPZ (r = 0.754) and in the case of stimulation with Agg-IgG (r = 0.728). Our findings suggested that CR3 and FcR play a critical role in production of MMP-9 and may be regulated by intracellular signal transduction, including that by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and tyrosine kinase (TK).