重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗(H5N1型,Re-1株)抗体产生规律试验报告

通过红细胞凝集抑制试验（HI试验）,对蛋用雏鸡使用重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1型,Re-1株）和某种禽流感重组二联活疫苗的不同免疫程序的免疫效果进行监测,掌握禽流感HI抗体产生及消长规律,制定适合的种鸡和商品蛋鸡预防高致病性禽流感的免疫程序和免疫规范。     

禽流感(H5亚型)免疫程序的试验研究及推广

为了有效预防和控制高致病禽流感H5亚型的发生和流行,2002～2003年,北京市畜牧兽医总站与中国农业大学实验动物研究所病毒室合作,开展了该病疫苗免疫程序的试验性研究和技术推广工作。主要工作内容有:不同来源疫苗对鸡、鸭免疫效果的对比试验;鸡、鸭母源抗体及免疫后抗体消长规律;保护性抗体滴度研究;实地禽流感发生和流行情况调查等;在此基础上,制定了禽流感免疫程序,并进行广泛推广免疫程序及抗体监测工作,使我市很快有效地控制了高致病禽流感的发生,取得了很好效果。1 不同来源疫苗的免疫效果对比试验1.1 材料1.1.1 SPF鸡来自山东农…     

H5亚型高致病性禽流感二价灭活疫苗对不同日龄家禽的免疫原性研究

为找出禽流感母源抗体及免疫抗体消长规律,对不同日龄的蛋鸡进行了免疫,并进行了跟踪检测,为制定禽的免疫程序提供科学依据。从试验结果可见,雏鸡母源抗体水平与种鸡的抗体水平相关,种鸡血清中H5亚型禽流感HI抗体水平与子代母源抗体消长规律呈正比。     

两种禽流感H5N1亚型Re-5株灭活疫苗免疫效果的比较

为了解湖南省招标的两种禽流感H5N1亚型Re-5株疫苗免疫家禽后抗体消长规律,研究探讨禽流感疫苗合理使用的免疫程序,以期为今后有效指导禽流感防控实践提供科学依据,对鸡和鸭分别做了免疫试验.试验结果显示,两种禽流感灭活疫苗均能诱导机体产生良好的免疫应答,但在一次免疫的情况下,鸡产生的HI抗体滴度要比鸭的高,鸡的HI抗体滴...     

禽流感区域控制重点环节--抗体监测应用技术的探讨

通过对母源抗体的消长规律、免疫抗体的消长规律和不同日龄蛋禽群首次免疫效果对比探讨,摸索出适合本地区的禽流感免疫方案;通过对不同疫苗厂家的产品免疫效果的测定,选出了本地区防控禽流感的适宜疫苗;通过对不同品种禽群疫苗免疫效果的监测,探讨了不同品种禽群对禽流感疫苗的免疫应答;并探讨了禽流感阻击战中的防控措施和抗体监测的重要性与作用。     

禽流感H5亚型2价油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫鸡群后HI抗体消长规律的测定

本研究按照一般生产中的免疫程序对200只25日龄雏鸡进行免疫,免疫前和免疫后每周抽取20只鸡测定HI抗体,分别制作出禽流感H5亚型(Re-4株和Re-5株)的免疫抗体消长规律图。初步掌握了鸡群免疫前母源抗体和免疫后抗体的消长规律,为确定首次免疫时间和制定以后的免疫程序提供了科学依据。     

家禽H5亚型禽流感(Re-6株)疫苗免疫抗体消长规律研究

为了解H5亚型重组禽流感Re-6株灭活疫苗在鸡、鸭免疫后的抗体消长规律,本实验分别选择一个鸡场和鸭场开展了临床免疫实验。实验鸡群于14日龄首免单价疫苗(Re-6株)和H5亚型二价疫苗(Re-6株+Re-4株)后,在30日龄~200日龄不同时间点采血检测Re-6抗体,结果表明,二价疫苗比单价疫苗免疫后的Re-6免疫抗体产生早、效价高、抗体整齐度好;40日龄二免后20 d,二价疫苗和单价疫苗的Re-6免疫抗体消长规律趋于一致。实验鸭群于17日龄分别采用禽流感(H5+H9)双价灭活疫苗和单价灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-6株)进行免疫,免后45日龄~205日龄不同时间点检测Re-6抗体,结果表明,双价疫苗与单价疫苗均可以诱导免疫鸭产生高水平抗体,而且两种疫苗的消长规律相似。此外,45日龄二免Re-6株疫苗的免疫程序要优于70日龄二免的免疫程序。本研究评估Re-6疫苗的防控效果,为家禽H5亚型禽流感免疫防制提供了实验依据。     

不同免疫次数对麻花鸡禽流感疫苗的免疫抗体对比试验

禽流感(AI)是正粘病毒科A型流感病毒引起的禽类传染病,是目前制约养禽业发展的主要传染病之一。近年来,我国对禽流感实施高密度的免疫接种,通过疫苗免疫可使鸡群得到有效的保护,但是在疫苗的具体使用过程中存在免疫后抗体效价不整齐、持续期短等问题,不能保证禽类养殖期间有效抵御禽流感病毒的侵袭,乌鲁木齐市作为首府城市,为了保障主要养殖的禽类——麻花鸡的养殖安全,对麻花鸡使用5种不同的禽流感疫苗进行不同免疫次数的抗体水平测定对比试验,初步掌握了免疫次数与免疫抗体的消长规律,为制定麻花鸡禽流感免疫合理的免疫程序提供科学依据。     

“茶花鸡2号”新城疫、禽流感免疫程序的试验观察

疫苗免疫程序对机体抗体的产生和维持有重要的影响,为了解"茶花鸡2号"鸡群新城疫、禽流感(H5、H7、H9)的母源抗体及疫苗免疫后抗体消长规律,从而为制定合理规范的免疫程序提供依据,分别对两批次的"茶花鸡2号"商品鸡群在不同日龄随机采血124份,分离血清进行血凝抑制试验(HI),对鸡群的新城疫、禽流感(H5、H7、H9)病毒血清抗体进行检测。结果显示,鸡群在30日龄新城疫、禽流感(H5、H7、H9)病毒血清抗体较低,4～5周龄时间段的病毒抗体水平未达到保护要求。因此在原有免疫程序的基础上进行调整,制定了防控新城疫、禽流感(H5、H7、H9)科学合理的免疫程序,为优质地方鸡科学养殖提供技术支撑。     

禽流感免疫抗体监测分析

禽流感疫苗免疫是我国防治禽流感采取的主要措施之一,已在全国范围内推行。禽流感免疫抗体监测是了解疫苗免疫状况最有效方法,通过监测血清中的H5亚型抗体,研究免疫抗体出现和分布的规律,制定合理的免疫程序,以更好地发挥疫苗的作用,为预防和控制禽流感提供参考依据。     

Is there a benefit from an early booster vaccination in the control of equine influenza?

Conventional equine influenza vaccination schedules consist of a primary course of two vaccinations given 4-6 weeks apart followed by a third vaccination (booster) given approximately 5 months later. In between the primary course and the third vaccination, horses are generally considered not to be adequately protected against influenza. This study aimed to investigate whether Thoroughbred foals would benefit from a vaccination schedule in which the third vaccination was given earlier than in conventional vaccination schedules. The vaccines used were an inactivated whole virus equine influenza vaccine and an inactivated whole virus combination vaccine containing equine influenza and equine herpesvirus antigens. Four groups of foals were vaccinated with the two vaccines according to a conventional and an accelerated vaccination schedule in which the third vaccination was given 14 weeks after the first administration. In both groups, the fourth vaccination was given at the normally recommended interval of 26 weeks after the third vaccination for the combination vaccine and 52 weeks after the third vaccination with the influenza only vaccine. The horses were 4-11 months of age and seronegative for influenza. Immunological responses after vaccination were monitored for several months using the single radial haemolysis test. The results indicated that 28 weeks after the first vaccination, antibody levels in horses vaccinated according to the accelerated schedule were not significantly higher than in horses vaccinated according to the conventional schedule. In addition, the total level of antibody production (area under the curve) was not significantly different at that point although antibody titres were slightly higher (but not significantly so) between 16-30 weeks in the accelerated schedule. Between the third and fourth doses, horses vaccinated according to the accelerated schedule had antibodies against influenza below the level required for clinical protection for 39 and 18 weeks for the influenza only and the combination vaccine, respectively, whereas those vaccinated according to the conventional schedule had antibody titres below the level for clinical protection for 9-15 weeks in the corresponding period for both vaccines. Horses vaccinated according to the accelerated schedule with the combination vaccine had lower antibody titres after the fourth vaccination than those vaccinated according to the conventional schedule after the third vaccination, although antibody titres prior to vaccination were similar. For the influenza only vaccine, titres after the accelerated fourth administration were not different to those after the conventional third vaccination. There was no benefit from early booster vaccinations with the vaccines used in this study, so for these vaccines the conventional schedule provided better protection than the selected accelerated alternative. This may contrast with some other vaccine formulations, although a direct comparison using similar protocols has not been made.     

A field trial to assess the effect of vaccination against feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus and feline panleucopenia virus in 6-week-old kittens.

A trivalent (feline panleucopenia, feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus), modified live, commercially available cat vaccine was used at either 6, 9 and 12 weeks of age (early schedule) or 9 and 12 weeks of age (conventional schedule), and the serological response to vaccination was assessed. The level of maternally derived antibody present at 6 weeks of age was also established. The use of early vaccination at 6 weeks of age induced an antibody response to each virus by 9 weeks of age in a significant proportion of kittens compared with unvaccinated littermates. There was no difference between the conventionally and early-vaccinated groups in terms of antibody response to any antigen by 12 and 15 weeks of age.     

Efficacy of inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine in dogs.

Inactivated, nonadjuvanted tissue culture-origin rabies vaccine was tested in 168 dogs for its ability to provide protection against challenge of immunity 1 year after vaccination. Several laboratory methods were used concurrently to measure the potency of the vaccine. When used at full strength, the vaccine protected 70% of dogs after either a 1- or 2-dose vaccination schedule. When vaccine was diluted to contain less antigenic mass, the 1-dose schedule was not as effective as 2 doses. High serum-neutralizing antibody titers developed by 7 days after vaccination, but the titers declined rapidly thereafter. The US reference vaccine protected 28 of 30 dogs.     

The induction and kinetics of an anti-DNP IgE response in dogs

Twenty-eight dogs immunized to dinitrophenol-ascaris (DNP-ASC) at birth and then three times at two week intervals produced serum anti-DNP antibody. The IgM response was detected one week after primary immunization and lasted for up to five weeks. The IgE and IgG antibody response in general was not present until week three but persisted through the immunization schedule. Although variation in the level and duration of the antibody response was detected between individual dogs, each dog did have a response that included all three isotypes examined.     

The opsonic antibody response of female rats to type III group B streptococcal immunization: a model for maternal immunity

Group B streptococcus (GBS) remains a major cause of neonatal infection. Maternal immunization-induced GBS antibody may protect neonates from GBS disease. Since the opsonophagocytosis assay correlates well with survival in GBS infected suckling rats, we sought to determine an immunization schedule which would induce type III GBS opsonic antibody in rat dams above a predetermined level of 10 dilution-1 (dil-1). This schedule could then be used for future studies of maternal-fetal immunity. Wistar rat dams (n = 12) were given killed GBS type III using three immunization schedules (primary injection, initial booster at 7, 14 or 22 days and then weekly boosters). Opsonic GBS type III antibody and total immunoglobulin (IgG) were measured. Only the schedule with a 7-day initial booster resulted in GBS type-specific opsonic antibody consistently above 10 dil-1. The IgG (467 +/- 83 mg/100 ml) remained constant while the opsonic antibody increased significantly to 50 and 63 dil-1 (P less than 0.01 compared to day 0) after boosters on day 7 and 14 respectively. Eight pregnant dams, who received a primary immunization and boosters at 7 and 14 days, developed GBS type III opsonic antibody titers (72 dil-1) similar to non-pregnant dams and potentially adequate to protect suckling rats from GBS disease. This model may now be used to study other adjuvants, immunogens, and maternal-fetal immunity using established suckling rat models of GBS disease.     

The role of oral immunisation in stimulating Escherichia coli antibody of the IgM class in porcine colostrum.

Oral immunisation with Escherichia coli polysaccharide antigens provided a primary antigenic stimulus which facilitated the production of humoral IgM antibody following a single parenteral antigen dose. The peak antibody response of preparturient sows was manipulated to coincide with the period of colostrum formation so that high levels of IgM antibody were made available for neonatal defence. The characteristics of the immune response remained unchanged on reintroduction of the immunisation schedule for a second gestation period.     

Antibody responses against non-structural protein 3 of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in milk and serum samples from animals immunised with an inactivated vaccine

Antibodies against non-structural protein 3 (NS3, p80) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) were determined in milk from cows vaccinated with an inactivated BVDV vaccine and compared to serum antibody levels. Animals in one herd were vaccinated with an inactivated BVDV vaccine according to the standard protocol and animals from a second herd with an intensive schedule. Serum and milk samples were tested for BVDV NS3 antibodies using five commercial ELISAs. With a few exceptions, vaccination according to the standard schedule did not induce BVDV NS3-specific antibodies in serum or milk. However, after vaccination according to the intensive schedule, anti-NS3 antibodies were detected for a short time in serum and, to a lesser extent, in milk. Bulk milk was a suitable substrate for BVDV monitoring of herds vaccinated with the inactivated BVD vaccine.     

Antibody response in pigs inoculated with transmissible gastroenteritis virus and cross reactions among ten isolates.

Groups of two or three day old pigs were inoculated intravenously with cell culture grown transmissible gastroenteritis virus. A single or a multiple dosage schedule was used. The magnitude of immune response was measured in terms of serum neutralization indices. A single dose of relatively attenuated virus caused mild clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis infection in the pigs and induced a low level of antibody in the serum by the seventh day after inoculation. Repeated injections of virus at seven day intervals stimulated little increase in antibody titers. However, high serum antibody titers were obtained for all pigs if the time interval between injections was extended to 15 days. Sera obtained early after exposure to live transmissible gastroenteritis virus contained mainly IgM antibody whereas sera obtained later after exposure contained mainly IgG antibody. Ten plaque purified isolates of transmissible gastroenteritis virus, comprising eight American isolates, one Japanese isolate and one British isolate were indistinguishable by means of reciprocal plaque reduction neutralization tests.     

不同年龄猪群中猪瘟抗体监测及免疫效果分析

为制订合理的猪瘟免疫程序,本研究采用正向间接血凝试验(IHA)对某规模化猪场进行猪瘟免疫监测和分析。结果表明:猪瘟母源抗体的合格率、抗体效价平均值均存在随着仔猪日龄的增长而呈逐渐下降的趋势;35 d～40 d仔猪母源抗体的合格率达78.79%、抗体平均效价为5.97 Log2;仔猪35 d～40 d实施猪瘟首免,其一免抗体合格率和抗体效价均比20 d首免有所提高;同一窝仔猪的猪瘟母源抗体,有11%窝次的猪差距在3个～8个滴度;母猪猪瘟免疫抗体的合格率,一胎母猪稍低,其它经产母猪基本接近;猪瘟抗体效价的平均值随胎龄增加而升高,并且抗体的离散度则随胎龄增加而缩小。因此,在母猪实施与仔猪同时免疫的猪场,40日龄左右是较佳的首免日期。     

Hypersensitivity to dietary components in young farm animals: immunisation of calves for IgE antibody responses

An immunisation schedule is described that reproducibly induces long latent period skin sensitising antibody (immunoglobulin) in calves by a combined oral/parenteral route. This response is only directed towards the protein component of the antigen and is boosted upon challenge injection.