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化冰盐对灾后长沙城市森林植物的危害 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
2008年1月中旬至2月初,50年以来罕见的严重冰冻灾害,对长沙城市森林植物损害巨大1。抗冰救灾期间,为保交通,对市区范围6纵15横"共21条主干道进行撒盐融冰,据有关部门统计,至2月4日,累计抛撒工业用盐近7 000t,日均撒盐量达600t2-3。大量使用工业盐或氯盐类融雪剂化冰,对桥梁、公路及植物等产生的次生灾害国内外己有深刻的教训。为此,我们对长沙市主干道绿化带进行了跟踪调查,发现目前大面积花灌木死亡或生长不良的主要原因除遭受严重冻害之外,渗入绿化带土壤中的盐分已使土壤出现不同程度的盐碱化,对适宜酸性土生长的本土植物构成了不可低估的生态灾害。本文旨在为长沙城市森林灾后重建工作提出解决途径。
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南方雨雪冰冻造成林业重大损失的原因分析及预防对策建议——在全国政协第十一届一次会议上的书面发言 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2008年1月中旬以来,受极端天气影响,我国大部分地区遭受了特大雨雪冰冻灾害。这次雨雪冰冻灾害持续时间之长、影响范围之广、危害程度之强、受灾情况之重,实属历史罕见。
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长沙城市森林树种冰冻灾害的调查与反思 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
2008年1月中旬至2月初,湖南遭遇50年以来罕见的严重冰冻灾害,大面积交通受阻,供电中断,给全省人民的生产生活带来严重影响。持续了20多天的冰冻,对长沙城市森林损害巨大,大量木竹倒伏、折枝、断干、翻蔸,其中栽植密度较大的景观林、生态林和湿地松、火炬松、桉树、香樟、桂花、广玉兰、毛竹、观赏竹类等常绿树种及古树名木受冰冻雪压尤为严重。通过对灾情的调查与反思,提出在我国南方城市森林建设中,要加强抗灾预警机制的建设,要重视选用抗冰冻雪压性能强的乡土树种。
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在山西省3条高速路典型绿化路段路侧设置样带,按距离梯度采集路旁土壤及植物叶片进行Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn重金属含量测定,分析4种重金属污染物在表层土壤及叶片中的扩散格局和相关性。结果表明,山西省主要高速路绿化带路旁土壤中Pb、Cr、Cu和Zn4种重金属污染物相对集中在10~40m范围内,路旁绿化植物叶片中也主要集中在40m范围内,不同重金属元素峰值位置不同;路旁土壤中4种重金属元素之间有良好的同源关系,土壤Cu、Zn与植物叶片中同种元素含量呈正相关关系,土壤Cr、Cu、Zn与植物叶片中4种重金属元素与采样距离均呈负相关关系;杨树对4种重金属元素的富集能力不同,由高到低表现为Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr。
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以上海市金山区枫塘路景观绿化带设计方案为例,探讨生态、休闲、地方特色的城市道路景观设计理念与设计手法。
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辽滨沿海经济区土壤含盐量在0.5%以上,最高含盐量可达3.57%,属于重度盐碱地。本实验以大穴客土法为基础,并制订了淋盐层结合排盐盲管的地下工程措施,结合科学的养护管理,成功地将平均含盐量控制在0.3%以下,有效地控制了盐分对植物生长的影响。
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1987和1989年,利用1、2年生胡杨苗,在水培条件下,通过电导率仪控制培养液浓度,对受盐害苗木进行了分析。研究结果表明,几种盐对苗木危害的排序是:Na_2CO_3>NaHCO_3>NaCl>CaSO_4>MgSO_4>以NaCl为主的盐渍皮。CaSO_4对苗木没有毒害作用。1年生苗比2年生苗受盐害后症状明显,但总的趋势是一致的。蒸馏水催根苗木,在蒸馏水中加盐后死亡浓度是:Na_2CO_3 0.05%、NaHCO_3 0.07%、NaCl 0.17%、CaSO_4 0.7%、MgSO_4 1.9%、以NaCl为主的盐渍皮3.5%。0.1%相应盐水催根苗在盐水培养液中加盐后,抗盐极限提高到:NaCl1.1%、MgSO_4 3.5%、NaCl为主的盐渍皮3.7%。说明胡杨幼苗经过抗盐处理后,可以显著地提高抗盐害能力。 相似文献
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Summary Delignified samples of spruce wood were impregnated with various heavy metal salts and afterwards cut on a cryo-ultramicrotome. In the electron microscope a different swelling of the cell walls and different staining effects depending on the impregnated salt were observed. The thickness of the cell wall layers was determined in holocelluloses containing different amounts of residual lignin and in holocelluloses impregnated with various heavy metal salts. From the results it can be seen that the swelling state of the wall layers is determined by the competitive processes of swelling and loss of substance. Metal salt impregnations cause different swelling states of the wall layers. Some of the salts show a specific deposition within the cell wall which is interpreted as a chemical affinity to polyoses.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The assistance of Miss U. Schwartz with the preparation is greatly appreciated. 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》2001,141(3):223-235
Damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings by summer frost was monitored on 10 clear-cuttings of various ages to which slash removal and four types of site preparation had been applied. The clear-cuttings were established on two sites (5 on each) in southern Sweden from 1989 through 1993 and planted each year from the year of cutting until 1993. In total, 7680 seedlings were analysed for frost injuries during the first three years following planting. The site preparation methods evaluated were: application of herbicide to ground vegetation; mowing of ground vegetation; scarification (mounding); and control. Two seedling types, bare-rooted and containerised seedlings, were evaluated.Periods of frost susceptibility were calculated using data on bud and shoot development during 1997 together with weather data for each of the studied years and sites. The date of flushing was well correlated to the air temperature sum (+5°C threshold value) in spring. Frost damage varied considerably between sites and study years. The lowest measured minimum air temperature and the frost-day sum during the frost-susceptible period were correlated to the frequency of frost damage. Soil scarification reduced frost damage in the first growing season. Bare-rooted seedlings had a considerably lower frequency of frost injury compared with containerised ones, possibly because flushing of the former was delayed. There was no statistically significant effect of herbicide application, mowing or slash removal on the frequency of frost damage. Seedling growth was significantly reduced by frost injury, especially in cases where injuries were sustained during several years. Survival was only slightly affected by frost damage. 相似文献