普那菊苣等菊苣品种品比试验

普那菊苣等菊苣品种作了品比试验，经方差分析其产草量、再生性及种子产量品种种间差异极显著，以普那菊苣为最好，欧洲菊苣次之、美国菊苣最差;其茎叶比在莲座期以欧洲菊苣最好，普那菊苣居中，美国菊苣最差（P＜0.01），在抽苔期欧洲菊苣与普那菊差异不显著，与美国菊苣之间差异达极显著水平.参试品种在播种当年及翌年均能正常开花结实，适应性较强.营养成分以欧洲菊苣最高，普那菊苣居中，美国菊苣最低;产草量以普那菊苣的饲用价值最高。     

普航1号菊苣品比试验

2009年对普航1号菊苣等菊苣品种(系)作了品比试验,观察其物候期,测定其产草量、再生性、营养成分、抗旱性等。试验结果表明,在试验地气候条件下,参试菊苣品种均能正常开花结实,并表现出较好的生态适应性;各品种菊苣营养成分相差不大,但普航1号菊苣的抗旱性较强;经方差分析可知,参试品种菊苣间的鲜草产量差异达极显著水平,且以普航1号菊苣为最好,其鲜草产量可达101348kg/hm2,黔引普那菊苣、将军菊苣相对较低。     

2010WS非洲狗尾草新品系在贵州的区域试验

为了解2010WS非洲狗尾草新品系在贵州的生长适应性,2015—2016年在独山、贵阳、松桃、罗甸、兴仁5个区域进行种植试验。结果:2010WS非洲狗尾草新品系播种当年就能开花结实,越冬率和产草量随海拔高度的增加而降低。在海拔500m的罗甸试验点表现最好,越冬率为100%,2年平均鲜草产量为111.80t/hm2,平均干草产量为19.56t/hm2,均较对照品种差异极显著(P<0.01);在海拔1640m的兴仁试验点生长适应性较差,不适应在高寒地区种植。结论:2010WS非洲狗尾草适宜在1200m海拔以下、年均气温15℃以上的亚热带地区种植。     

草地早熟禾引种适应性研究

2000～2001年在贵州独山对引进的23个草地早熟禾不同品种进行比较试验。结果表明:有5个品种的适应性和综合坪用性状表现良好,可以在本地区及类似生态区推广。     

杂交高梁引种品比试验

在贵州独山通过对14种杂交高粱进行引种品比试验.结果表明,Sveetern-n-honey、Mmr360-42、Mmr352-40、Graze-AllⅢ是在本地区表现良好的品种.此次引种试验的目的是寻找适宜贵州南方气候的优质高粱品种.     

草地早熟禾引种适应性研究

2000-2001年在贵州独山对引进的23个草地早熟禾不同品种进行比较试验。结果表明：有5个品种的适应性和综合坪用性状表现良好，可以在本地区及类似生态区推广。     

菊苣氨基酸分析及添加菊苣对土鸡生长及生化指标的影响

分析比较4种菊苣品种的氨基酸成分,并评价其营养价值。采用室内分析和室外试验,探讨菊苣作为饲料对土鸡生长及生化指标的影响。结果表明:普那菊苣、丽莎菊苣与六小菊苣、大将军菊苣的氨基酸总量有显著差异。AAS和RC均显示菊苣的第一限制性氨基酸和第二限制性氨基酸分别为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、赖氨酸。经饲养试验得出,添加菊苣试验组和对照组的体重及生理生化指标无显著差异,但试验组的体重及各项生理生化指标均比对照组高。菊苣的氨基酸种类和含量较丰富,4种品种均可作为畜禽优质饲料原料蛋白源,饲料中添加菊苣对土鸡生长具有促进作用,且能使鸡健康生长。     

牧草菊苣及其利用潜力 Ⅰ品种及生产性能

对菊苣Cichorium intybus的品种及生产性能进行了综述,菊苣是菊科菊苣属多年生宿根植物,在欧洲栽培甚多,其地上部分常被用作叶类蔬菜、牧草和饲料;地下根常用来制作咖啡替代品和制糖原料等。牧草菊苣是世界上许多国家畜牧业生产中的高产优质饲草。在中国,牧草菊苣主要品种有普那菊苣、欧洲菊苣、将军菊苣、欧宝菊苣、阔叶菊苣、益丰菊苣、杂交一代奇可利和甜心菊苣等,均表现出适应性强、生长供草期长、营养价值高、适口性好、抗病虫害能力强等高产优质特点,是目前我国较具发展前途的饲草作物兼经济作物之一。     

西昌安宁河流域“讴歌”菊苣的引种试验

本试验通过对"讴歌"菊苣进行引种观察,结果得出:"讴歌"菊苣在西昌安宁河流域地区表现出了良好的适应性、抗逆性,具有建植快、利用快、适口性好等优点,可作为该地区优良的饲草品种进行推广种植。     

将军菊苣不同饲喂量对肉兔增重效果研究

试验选取健康生长期肉兔40只,随机分成4组,每组10只;另选取健康、断奶后幼兔、妊娠母兔、产仔后母兔各20只,随机分成4组,每组各5只,分别分为配合饲料组、菊苣+配合饲料组和全菊苣组,结果表明,除妊娠母兔全菊苣组增重效果最好外,其他均以菊苣与配合饲料混合饲喂增重效果最好。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein