Antibodies to rabbit cytochrome c arising in rabbits

Antibodies reactive with rabbit cytochrome c have been observed in rabbits immunized with several heterologous cytochromes. Such antibodies have also been observed in rabbits immunized with rabbit cytochrome c conjugated to bovine gamma globulin. The serum of a rabbit immunized with human cyto chrome c reacted with the cytochrome c of the same rabbit.     

Barbiturates: radioimmunoassay

The development of a radioimmunoassay for barbiturate is described. The barbiturate is made antigenic by coupling it to a protein, bovine gamma globulin. The radioimmunoassay can measure as little as 5 nanograms of barbiturate.     

Group A streptococci: localization in rabbits and guinea pigs following tissue injury

Rabbits injected intravenously with extracellular products ("toxins") of group A streptococci develop myocardial, muscular, and hepatic lesions. When such animals are then challenged with fluorochrome-labeled group A streptococci or with titanium oxide particles the labeled bacteria or particles localize within phagocytic cells in the tissue lesions caused by the toxins. Similarly, labeled streptococci or titanium oxide particles will also localize within phagocytic cells in skin lesions of guinea pigs that develop delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin or to bovine gamma globulin. It is proposed that a combined mechanism of injury and localization of bacteria in damaged tissues may be responsible for poststreptococcal sequelae or other chronic inflammatory diseases.     

THYMECTOMY: PROLONGATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN THE ADULT MOUSE

The loss of acquired immunological tolerance of mice to bovine gamma globulin depended on the presence of the thymus. Mice were repeatedly injected with bovine gamma-globulin from birth until the age of 5 to 10 weeks and then thymectomized or sham operated. After 130 to 160 days without antigen, an accelerated (immune) disappearance of I(125) bovine gamma-globulin could be uniformly induced in controls while thymectomized mice remained tolerant. Adult thymectomized mice made tolerant by a single injection of bovine gamma-globulin lost tolerance more slowly than sham-operated controls.     

Kinetic differences in unresponsiveness of thymus and bone marrow cells

Both thymus and bone marrow cells of adult mice can be made specifically unresponsive to human gamma globulin, but each cell population displays a distinct kinetic pattern for both the induction and spontaneous loss of the unresponsive state. These kinetics appear to be much slower in the bone marrow cells than in the thymus cells. In addition, the dose of deaggregated human gamma globulin needed to induce unresponsiveness in bone marrow cells is much greater than that needed to induce unresponsiveness in thymus cells. Apparently, unresponsiveness in only one cell type is sufficient for the tolerant state to be exhibited by the intact animal.     

Biosynthesis of gamma globulin: studies in a cell-free system

Incorporation of C(14)-amino acids into high-molecular-weight material precipitable by trichloroacetic acid indicates that microsomal cell-free systems, derived from spleens of immunized rabbits, are active in protein synthesis. Protein was made soluble by ultrasonic irradiation of the cell-free incubation mixtures, and low-molecular-weight materials were removed by dialysis and gel filtration. Chromatography and radio-immunoelectrophoresis of this soluble protein fraction reveal C(14)-labeled protein having several characteristics of gamma globulin.     

Stimulation in vitro with protein carrier of antibodies against a hapten

Rabbits were immunized both with lysozyme and with dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin. No antibodies against the dinitrophenyl hapten were produced when cell suspensions of their spleens were exposed in vitro to dinitro-phenyl-ovalbumin, whereas a positive response was obtained with dinitrophenyl-lysozyme. Moreover, when spleen cells from rabbits previously immunized with dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin were exposed in vitro to bovine serum albumin alone, they produced antibodies against the dinitrophenyl hapten.     

Deficient complement fixation by aggregated gamma globulin from hypogammaglobulinemic patients

We found that several normal samples of aggregated gamma globulin consistently fixed essentially equal amounts of guinea pig complement, while samples of gamma globulin from three of four hypogammaglobulinemic patients were markedly deficient in this biologic function. Thus, the previously observed limited heterogeneity of gamma globulin in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia is also associated with inefficiency in at least one biological function.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞系的建立

以提纯的IBV-M病毒抗原免疫BALB/C小鼠,末次免疫后三天取脾细胞与SP_2/O细胞在50％PEG2000作用下融合,三次融合两次获得成功。经抗体检测、筛选和克隆化培养,最后获得三株分泌特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系。三株杂交癌细胞经体外连续传代培养2个多月,以及液氮冻存4个月后复苏培养,仍能稳定地分泌抗体。     

Activation of gamma delta T cells in the primary immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Although the immunologic role of T cells bearing the conventional alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR) has been well characterized, little is known about the function of the population of T cells bearing the gamma delta TCR. Therefore, the role of gamma delta T cells in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) was investigated. The number of TCR gamma delta cells in the draining lymph nodes of mice immunized with MT was greatly increased in comparison with the number of TCR alpha beta cells. Three biochemically distinct gamma delta TCRs were detected. Analyses of cell cycle, of interleukin-2 receptor expression, and of interleukin-2 responsiveness showed that a large proportion of the gamma delta T cells were activated in vivo. TCR gamma delta cells responded to solubilized MT antigens in vitro but, in contrast to MT-specific alpha beta T cells, the response of gamma delta T cells to MT did not require major histocompatability complex class II recognition. These results provide an example of antigen-specific activation of gamma delta T cells in vivo and indicate that gamma delta T cells may have a distinct role in generating a primary immune response to certain microorganisms.     

Microinjection of mouse eggs

A technique has been developed for injecting known amounts of liquids into fertilized one-celled mouse eggs by use of a calibrated ocular micrometer superimposed on the terminal regions of the injection pipette. From 128 pronuclear eggs, each injected with 180 or 770 cubic microns of bovine gamma globulin at a concentration of 25 milligrams per milliliter in citrate-Locke's solution and then transferred to the oviducts of pregnant foster mothers, 18 living fetuses developed; from 74 eggs, each injected with 2730 cubic microns, 5 fetuses survived. The living fetuses that developed from the injected eggs were smaller than normal in 6 of 23 surviving experimental fetuses as contrasted to only 1 of 19 control fetuses.     

Autoradiographic plaques for the detection of antibody formation to soluble proteins by single cells

Single cells that synthesize antibody to soluble proteins can be detected and counted by an autoradiographic procedure. The method is based on the specific binding of I(131)-labeled antigen to the antidogy which has been produced by and has diffused around cells in an agarose medium and which has been precipitated by an antibody to gamma globulin. The antigen-binding zones appear as dark spots on high-speed x-ray film exposed to the dried agarose preparations.     

Chloramphenicol-specific antibody

Antibody to the antibiotic chloramphenicol was obtained by immunizing rabbits with a chloramphenicol derivative coupled to bovine gamma globulin. Production of antibody was demonstrated by the precipitin and complement fixation reactions with "reduced chloramphenicol" coupled to rabbit serum albumin as the test antigen. Specificity of the antibody was confirmed in that crystalline chloramphenicol completely inhibited complement fixation and precipitin reactions. "reduced chloramphenicol" coupled to human serum albumin provides an antigen for the detection of antibody to chloramphenicol, if it occurs in human serum in dyscrasias. With quantitative complement fixation, as little as 10(-5) microg (4 x 10(-14) mole) of chloramphenicol was detectable by the inhibition assay.     

Purification of gamma globulin fragments by gel filtration

Treatment with papain of human 7 S gamma globulin which has specific hemagglutinating antibody activity results in 3.5 S univalent fragments contaminated by intact bivalent globulin. The technique described in this report permits separation of univalent antibody fragments from the contaminating undigested molecule.     

Antibodies to genetic types of gamma globulin after multiple transfusions

Seventeen of 24 sera from children who had received multiple transfusions contained agglutinating antibodies against a Gm factor absent in the individual's serum gamma globulin. Each of these agglutinators was highly specific for a single Gm factor, and all proved useful as reagents for genetic typing. The accumulated evidence indicates that they resulted from genetically foreign gamma globulin introduced by transfusion.     

法氏囊三肽囊素(Bursin)的研究Ⅰ.抗 Bursin 单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

以戊二醛法制备ＢｕｒｓｉｎＫＬＨ，免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取脾细胞，以ＰＥＧ为融合剂，与ＳＰ２融合，用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选出与Ｂｕｒｓｉｎ－ＢＳＡ结合、不与ＢＳＡ结合的２Ｆ９－４克隆株，经鉴定，抗体属性为ＩｇＭ，Ｋ轻链。水溶性Ｂｕｒｓｉｎ可阻抑２Ｆ９－４对鸡法氏囊的反应，切片标本经ＰＢＳ处理，反应性消失，免疫组织化学染色于法氏囊上获得特征性阳性结果。     

Alpha globulin injections and decreased gamma globulin production in chickens

Electrophoretic analysis shows a strong similarity in the blood serums of chickens subjected to egg parabiosis and of chickens repeatedly injected with fraction IV (alpha globulins). In both instances there is an evident rise in the albumin-plus alpha(1) titer and an evident decrease in the gamma globulin levels. These findings suggest that the injection of alpha globulins has the same serum effect on the animal as parabiotically induced blood chimerism, namely, a reduction in circulating gamma globulin (immunoglobulins?).     

POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS OF RABBIT GAMMAGLOBULIN

Rabbit gamma globulin has been extensively reduced, and its polypeptide chains separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in SM guanidine hydrochloride. The larger H (or A) chains make up two-thirds of the molecule and have a molecular weight of approximately 55,000 each. The smaller L (or B) chains account for the other one-third and have a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 each. The data are consistent with a model of the gamma globulin molecule that has two H and two L chains.     

Immunoglobulin production: method for quantitatively detecting variant myeloma cells

Mouse myeloma cells in continuous culture were cloned in soft agar. The clones were assayed for their ability to synthesize heavy and light chains of gamma globulin by immunoprecipitation directly in the agar. A minor population secreting only light chains was identified. The two cell types were recloned and a low incidence of conversion of 7S to light-chain production was demonstrated. This technique can be used to isolate rare variants of cells secreting specific macromolecules.     

RUBELLA VIRUS: NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY IN COMMERCIAL GAMMA GLOBULIN

In 19 lots of standard commercial gamma globulin from humans, the titers of antibody neutralizing rubella virus varied from, 256 to 2048. The titers could not be correlated with geographic location of the donors, method of extraction, or tissue source. Samples of gamma globulin from rubella convalescents had titers of 4096. These titers were approximately 20 times higher than those in serum specimens from patients ill with natural or experimental infection. Serum antibody appears to persist for a number of years at nearly the original titers.