Asulam mixtures for weed control in flax

Five field experiments were conducted from 1972 to 1975 to evaluate weed control in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) using post-emergence treatments of asulam [methyl (4-aminobenzenesulphonyl) carbamatel alone and in combination with other herbicides. The ¹⁴C-asulam absorption by leaf segments and roots of glasshouse grown wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was also investigated. Asulam at 1.12 kg/ha gave good wild oat control and acceptable control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.). However, wild oat control was poorer when asulam was combined with other herbicides: on a 3-year average, as compared with asulam alone at equal rates, the asulam+MCPA mixture resulted in a greater antagonism and a significant 6% reduction in flax seed yield, whereas the asulam+bromoxynil/MCPA mixture gave the least antagonistic effect, improved broadleaf weed control and increased yield by 13%. In mixtures, the potassium salt of MCPA was more compatible with asulam for weed control than the amine form. Both leaf segments and roots of wild oats absorbed and distributed less ¹⁴C-asulam from solutions containing MCPA than from those containing bromoxynil or bromoxynil/MCPA.     

Interaction between glyphosate and various herbicides for broadleaved weed control

The effects of several herbicides for broadleaved weed control on glyphosate (n-phosphonomethyl glycine) phytotoxicity to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.) were studied in the greenhouse. In tank mixtures, dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid) and bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy benzonitrile) reduced the phytotoxicity of threshold rates of glyphosate on all three species. With increasing rates of the herbicides for broadleaved weed control relative to a fixed rate of glyphosate, there was a general trend towards increased antagonism. Increasing glyphosate rates above the threshold level in mixtures containing a fixed rate of herbicides for broadleaved weed control overcame the antagonism. Both the inert and active ingredients of 2,4-D amine and ester appeared to be involved in the antagonism. There was no reduction in glyphosate phytotoxicity on the annual grasses when 2,4-D or bromoxynil were sprayed sequentially at various times in relation to glyphosate. When droplets of bromoxynil and glyphosate were placed side by side on a leaf, glyphosate phytotoxicity was not reduced, whereas when the two herbicides were mixed and applied as one droplet, considerable reduction in glyphosate phytotoxicity occurred. These results suggest that the reduction in glyphosate phytotoxicity caused by tank mixing with herbicides such as 2,4-D, bromoxynil and dicamba may be due to a physical or chemical incompatability within the tank mixture rather than to a biological interaction in the plant.     

Flat fan and air induction nozzles affect soybean herbicide efficacy

Fifteen field experiments were conducted from 2002 to 2005 to determine the influence of the nozzle type, spray volume, spray pressure, and herbicide rate on herbicidal efficacy in soybean. There was no effect of the nozzle type on herbicidal efficacy with fomesafen, bentazon, glyphosate, and cloransulam‐methyl when applied at the manufacturer's recommended rate. The control of Echinochloa crus‐galli (barnyardgrass) with quizalofop‐p‐ethyl was improved when applied with flat fan (FF) nozzles compared with air induction (AI) nozzles. There was an increase in weed control with the FF nozzles compared with the AI nozzles in four of the 13 comparisons when the herbicides were applied at half the recommended rate, while in two situations, application with the AI nozzles resulted in improved weed control. With the FF nozzles, there was no effect of the water carrier volume on weed control with bentazon, glyphosate, and cloransulam‐methyl. The control of Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) with fomesafen and E. crus‐galli with quizalofop‐p‐ethyl was improved at the higher water carrier volume. With the AI nozzles, the control of A. theophrasti and Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) with fomesafen and E. crus‐galli with quizalofop‐p‐ethyl was improved at the higher water carrier volume, while the control of A. theophrasti and Polygonum persicaria (ladysthumb) was improved with glyphosate at the lower water carrier volume. With the AI nozzles, the control of C. album with bentazon and E. crus‐galli with quizalofop‐p‐ethyl was improved at the higher spray pressure. There was no effect of the nozzle type on the soybean yield with glyphosate, cloransulam‐methyl, and quizalofop‐p‐ethyl. The use of the FF nozzles compared with the AI nozzles to apply fomesafen and bentazon increased the soybean yield by 6 and 7%, respectively. Based on this study, the optimum nozzle type, water carrier volume, and spray pressure is herbicide‐ and weed species‐specific.     

Seed germination ecology of creeping mannagrass (Glyceria acutiflora) and response to POST herbicides

Creeping mannagrass is a perennial grass weed widely distributed in China and is becoming increasingly problematic in nurseries and landscapes in some regions. Understanding the germination ecology and response to commonly available POST herbicides of this weed is critical to determining its adaptive capabilities and potential for infestation, and assist in the development of effective control strategies. In the light/dark regime, creeping mannagrass germinated over a wide range of temperatures (15/5 to 30/20°C), with maximum germination at 20/10°C (95%). No seed germinated at 35/25 or 10/0°C. The time required for 50% of maximum germination increased as temperature decreased. Compared with the light/dark conditions, germination was slightly stimulated when seeds were placed in the dark. Creeping mannagrass is moderately tolerant to osmotic and salt stress, which had 53 and 50% germination rates at ?0.6 mPa osmotic potential and 200 mM NaCl concentration, respectively. Seedling emergence of the seeds buried at a depth of 0.5 cm (86%) was higher than those sowing on the soil surface (17%), but declined with burial depth increasing. There were no differences in the emergence rates from a burial depth 0.5–2 cm. Few seeds (4%) could emerge when seeds were sowed at a depth of 8 cm. POST application of haloxyfop‐R‐methyl, quizalofop‐p‐ethyl, sethoxydim, and pinoxaden provides 100% control of creeping mannagrass at the three‐leaf to five‐leaf stages. To achieve 80% control with clodinafop‐propargyl, mesosulfuron‐methyl, and fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl, herbicides had to be applied at the three‐leaf stage.     

Recovery of non-target plants affected by airborne bromoxynil-octanoate and metribuzin

The present study was conducted to evaluate the recovery potential of non‐target plants affected by two airborne herbicides. Sunflower at the two‐leaf stage was used as a test plant and exposed for 24 h in a wind tunnel to a range of concentrations of airborne bromoxynil‐octanoate and metribuzin. Quantum yield (φ_PSII) of exposed leaves and of the second leaf pair developed after exposure was determined at a particular time up to 16 days following exposure. Maximum depression in quantum yield of exposed leaves from which a complete recovery occurred within 16 days was 63% for bromoxynil‐octanoate and 60% for metribuzin respectively. The corresponding maximum concentrations were 1.310 and 0.390 μg m^?3 respectively. The second leaf pair was also affected and showed a similar recovery potential. From the results it can be concluded that the significance of airborne bromoxynil‐octanoate and metribuzin must not be overestimated, as sunflower and non‐target plants with a similar sensitivity are likely to recover from air concentrations of both herbicides reported under field conditions.     

Interaction between benzoylprop ethyl, flamprop methyl or flamprop isopropyl and herbicides used for broadleaved weed control

A marked antagonism of A. fatua control was found when 2,4-D, dicamba, 2,4-D-dicamba-mecoprop or bromoxynil were added to benzoylprop ethyl, flamprop methyl or flamprop isopropyl. Because of the much poorer control of A. fatua by these mixtures obtaining broad spectrum weed control with them in one spray operation would not be possible. The A. fatua herbicides did not affect the activity of the added herbicides on Fagopyrum lataricum. In eight out of nine mixtures tested there was no significant antagonism in the field conditions when MCPA or bromoxynil-MCPA was added to the A. fatua herbicides. There were significant antagonistic effects, however, in six out of nine such mixtures in glasshouse experiments. This suggests that under farm use conditions benzoylprop ethyl, flamprop methyl or fiamprop isopropyl can be mixed with MCPA amine or ester or with bromoxynil-MCPA to obtain broad spectrum weed control from one spray operation, though slightly poorer A. fatua control may be expected with these mixtures.     

三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵、嘧草硫醚混合药剂的田间防效及对棉花的安全性

为了探究三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵、嘧草硫醚混用对棉田杂草的防效及其安全性,于2013年在山东省菏泽市农业科学院棉花试验地进行了田间试验。结果表明,三氟啶磺隆的各混用处理对香附子的防效最高,对马唐、牛筋草、鳢肠具有较好的防效,对铁苋菜、马齿苋的防效略低;当三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵（1：3）的混用剂量为100g／hm^2,三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵、嘧草硫醚（1：3：2）的混用剂量为105～120g／hm^2时,即可达到有效防治杂草的目的;与对照小区相比,各三氟啶磺隆混用处理增产14．6％～29．6％,且对棉花安全。     

Histological studies on the effects of benzoylprop ethyl and flamprop methyl on growth and development of wild oats*

Wild oats were trealed with benzoylprop eihyl and flamprop methyl alone or in combination with other herbicides and the effects on plant growth studied using histological techniques, Benzoylprop ethyl caused severe reductions in the growth of both the leaves and internodes of treated plants, Evidence was obtained which indieaies that cell division as well as cell elongalion was inhibited. The effects of flamprop methyl on plant growth were similar lo those observed for benzoylprop ethyl. Both compounds interfered with normal differentiation of vascular tissues which could account for retarded development of the higher internodes and shoot apex of treated plants. Of the various herbicides applied in combination with the wild oat herbicides, 2,4—D was more antagonistic than MCPA. while bromoxynil was the least antagonistic. Plants treated with benzoylprop ethyl plus 2.4—D had increased cell, leaf and internode lengths compared to plants treated with benzoylprop ethyl alone. Reductions in cell and internode lengths of plants treated with the herbicide combinations were not always proportional lo dry weight reductions.     

Influence of broad-leaved weed herbicides on the activity of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl

The activity of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl applied alone or in tank-mixture with different formulations of mecoprop or sulfonylurea herbicides was compared in a series of pot experiments using Avena fatua L. (wild oat) as a test plant. A logistic model was fitted to the results and dose–response curves of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl applied alone and in mixture with the broad-leaved weed herbicides were estimated using non-linear regressions. Tank-mixtures of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mecoprop or metsulfuron-methyl were antagonistic. In general, the activity of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl decreased with increasing doses of the broad-leaved herbicides. In mixture with 1200 g a.i. ha^?1 mecoprop, doses of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl had to be increased by 60% to 130% (dependent on formulation) to obtain the same effect as when fenoxaprop-P-ethyl was applied alone. Both the active and the inactive isomers of mecoprop were involved in the antagonism, and the ester formulation of mecoprop-P was less antagonistic than the amine formulation. In mixture with the recommended dose of 8 g a.i. ha^?1 of metsulfuron-methyl, doses of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl had to be increased by 20% to 110% to obtain the same effect as with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl applied alone. Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl did not lose activity when applied in mixture with recommended doses of chlorsulfuron, tribenuron and amidosulfuron. Antagonism of the sulfonylurea herbicides seemed to be related to the susceptibility of A.?fatua to these herbicides.     

喹草酮与辛酰溴苯腈复配应用于小麦田的除草效果及对小麦的安全性

为明确新型除草剂喹草酮应用于小麦田的除草效果及对小麦的安全性,在温室内采用共毒系数法对喹草酮与辛酰溴苯腈联合作用进行测定,并验证喹草酮与辛酰溴苯腈两者混用以及与双氟磺草胺三者混用时对小麦田杂草的防效,以及对小麦的安全性。温室试验结果表明,喹草酮对阿拉伯婆婆纳Veronica persica防效优,试验剂量下全部死亡,对播娘蒿Descurainia sophia和麦家公Lithospermum arvense的GR₅₀分别为12.67 g (a.i.)/hm²和152.99 g (a.i.)/hm²;辛酰溴苯腈对播娘蒿和麦家公防效优,其GR₅₀分别为26.22 g (a.i.)/hm²和13.36 g (a.i.)/hm²,对阿拉伯婆婆纳防效略差,GR₅₀为85.12 g (a.i.)/hm²。喹草酮与辛酰溴苯腈按有效成分用量1∶1～1∶2.5配比时,阿拉伯婆婆纳全部死亡,对播娘蒿的共毒系数在140.34～202....     

Characteristics and control of dicamba‐resistant common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)

The expansion of atrazine‐resistant Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) since the 1980s has forced New Zealand's maize‐growers to use an additional postemergence herbicide application. The frequent use of dicamba for this has selected for a common lambsquarters population with reduced sensitivity to dicamba. Initial greenhouse experiments with seeds that had been collected from the plants that survived field applications of dicamba showed that these plants could tolerate ≤1.2 kg ha^?1, fourfold the recommended rate. These dicamba‐resistant plants were morphologically distinct from the susceptible population. The leaves of the resistant plants were less dentate and a lighter shade of green. The resistant plants were shorter, had a lower biomass and growth rate and flowered ≤19 days earlier than the susceptible plants. When grown together in various density ratios, the average biomass of both the susceptible and the resistant plants increased as the number of susceptible plants decreased in the mixture. The field experiments demonstrated that the resistant population tolerated dicamba at ≤2.4 kg ha^?1, eightfold the recommended rate. Postemergence applications of bromoxynil, pyridate, nicosulfuron and mesotrione effectively controlled both populations. Nicosulfuron and mesotrione provided long‐term residual control, with nicosulfuron being more effective on the grass weeds. High rates of dicamba damaged the maize plants, resulting in an increased weed cover and reduced grain yield. The number of viable common lambsquarters seeds in the soil seed bank at the end of the growing season declined in the treatments in which common lambsquarters was controlled effectively.     

Control of Galium aparine (cleavers) in winter cereals with mecoprop alone or with ioxynil plus bromoxynil

A series of eleven field experiments over two seasons investigated the control of Galium aparine (cleavers) with mecoprop and a proprietary mixture of ioxynil plus bromoxynil. Applications of mecoprop (2?4 kg a.e. ha^?1) between December and March gave variable results but a mixture of ioxynil + bromoxynil (0?6 kg a.i. ha^?1) and mecoprop improved control up to at least 90%, at most sites. Applications of mecoprop alone in April were most effective and frequently achieved more than 90% control. In May, when the G. aparine plants were very large, it was less successful. The reasons for the environmental effects on performance are discussed. Preliminary examination of the effect of soil temperature on mecoprop activity indicates that the reliability of control increases with increasing temperature (0–12°C). An average of 94% control was achieved when soil temperatures were greater than 6°C. La destruction de Galium aparine (Gaillet) dans les cereales d'hiver avec du mecoprop seul ou avec ioxynil plus bromoxynil     

Cross‐resistance patterns to acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors associated with different ACCase mutations in Beckmannia syzigachne

Beckmannia syzigachne (American sloughgrass) is a competitive grass weed found in China. Fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl is widely used for control of this species in China. Resistance to fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl in B. syzigachne has been reported to be conferred by an isoleucine(Ile)‐1781‐leucine(Leu) substitution in the gene encoding the herbicide target, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase). In this study, three mutations were detected by derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) method in fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl‐resistant B. syzigachne populations: Ile‐1781‐Leu in population JCWL‐R, Ile‐2041‐Asn in JCJT‐R and Gly‐2096‐Ala in JYJD‐R. The data indicated they were genetically homogeneous (homozygous mutant) at the ACCase locus. The use of cytochrome P450 inhibitors was shown to slightly reduce the GR₅₀ value of fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl‐resistant populations, from which we inferred a combination of target‐site resistance (TSR) and non‐target‐site resistance (NTSR) was involved in fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl‐resistance. We characterised the cross‐resistance patterns to ACCase inhibitors in B. syzigachne. The plants in the JCWL‐R population were highly resistant to all tested APPs (aryloxyphen‐oxypropionates), sethoxydim and pinoxaden, and moderately resistant to clethodim. The plants in the JCJT‐R population were highly resistant to fluazifop‐P‐butyl, clodinafop‐propargyl, cyhalofop‐butyl, metamifop and pinoxaden; moderately resistant to haloxyfop‐R‐methyl, quizalofop‐P‐ethyl and sethoxydim; and sensitive to clethodim. The plants in the JYJD‐R population were highly resistant to clodinafop‐propargyl, metamifop and pinoxaden; moderately resistant to haloxyfop‐R‐methyl, cyhalofop‐butyl, quizalofop‐P‐ethyl, fluazifop‐P‐butyl and sethoxydim; and sensitive to clethodim. If resistance to ACCase inhibitors is present in B. syzigachne populations in the field, then our results indicate that clethodim should be used. While we demonstrated the cross‐resistance patterns of TSR resulting from three mutations in B. syzigachne, we also demonstrated that NTSR plays a role in resistance, which will complicate weed management.     

Soil persistence studies with bromoxynil, propanil and [14C]dicamba in herbicidal mixtures

The persistence of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), [¹⁴C]dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic-7-¹⁴C acid) and propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propionamide] at rates equivalent to 1 kg ha^?1, were studied under laboratory conditions in a clay loam, a heavy clay and a sandy loam at 85% of field capacity and at 20±1°C, both singly and in the presence of herbicides normally applied with these chemicals as tank-mix or split-mix components. The degradation of bromoxynil was rapid with over 90% breakdown occurring within a week in the heavy clay and sandy-loam soils, while in the clay-loam approximately 80% of the bromoxynil had broken down after 7 days. In all three soils degradation was unaffected by the presence of asulam, diclofop-methyl, flamprop-methyl, MCPA, metribuzin or propanil. Propanil underwent rapid degradation in all soil treatments, with over 95% of the applied propanil being dissipated within 7 days. There were no noticeable effects on propanil degradation resulting from applications of asulam, barban, bromoxynil, dicamba, MCPA, MCPB, metribuzin or 2,4-D. The breakdown of [¹⁴C]dicamba in a particular soil was unaffected by being applied alone or in the presence of diclofop-methyl, flampropmethyl, MCPA, metribuzin, propanil or 2,4-D. The times for 50% of the applied dicamba to be degraded were approximately 16 days in both the clay loam and sandy loam, and about 50 days in the heavy clay.     

Antagonistic effects of 2,4-D amine and bentazone on control of Avena fatua with tralkoxydim

Control of Avena fatua with tralkoxydim was significantly reduced in glasshouse experiments when the herbicide was tank-mixed with either 2,4-D amine or bentazone. Antagonism increased with increasing rates of these broadleaf herbicides in the tank-mixture and it could, in turn, be decreased by increasing rates of tralkoxydim. When herbicide solutions were applied to single leaves with a micropipette applicator, bentazone was antagonistic only when mixed in the same droplet with tralkoxydim and not when the two herbicides were applied adjacently in separate droplets. In contrast, both separate and combined applications of 2,4-D amine and tralkoxydim were antagonistic. There was no antagonism when mixtures with either 2,4-D amine or bentazone were applied between the leaf sheath and culm. Antagonism could be circumvented by sequential applications of the herbicides. When tral-oxydim was applied first, there was no loss of A. fatua control if bentazone application was delayed 0.5 h or if 2,4-D amine was delayed 24 h. Results suggest that bentazone affects only cuticular penetration of tralkoxydim, whereas 2,4-D amine also influences subsequent translocation.     

The effect on yield of mixtures and sequences of herbicides for the control of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. and broad-leaved weeds in winter cereals

Mixed infestations of Alopecurus m yosuroides Huds. and broad-leaved weeds in winter cereals were controlled with a commercial formulation of ioxynil + bromoxynil + mecoprop. used in mixtures or as sequences with isoproturon or clofop-isobutyl. As well as controlling A. myosuroides the mixtures, applied in the autumn, gave good control of Veronica persica Poir., Galium aparine L. Lilhospermum arvense L. and Viola arvensis Murr. weeds which were resistant to isoproturon used alone. A. myosuroides had the major influence on crop yield in three experiments. High infestations of A. myosuroides reduced the broad-leaved weeds so that crop yields were only slightly improved when all the weeds were controlled compared with the control of A. myosuroides alone. In the remaining experiment. V. persica was very competitive with wheat; additional control of A. myosuroides improved yields considerably. Ioxynil + bromoxynil + mecoprop gave better final control of broad-leaved weeds when applied in the spring rather than the autumn but the sequence of a spring application following isoproturon or clofop-isobutyl in the autumn did not improve yields compared with the mixtures applied in the autumn. In all experiments, the highest yields were obtained from controlling both A. myosuroides and broad-leaved weeds in the autumn, provided that good control of A. myosuroides was obtained.     

Suppression of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in cucumber by the detergent Zohar LQ-215

The effect of the detergent Zohar LQ-215 alone or combined with the fungicide fenarimol (Rubigan) on cucumber powdery mildew (caused bySphaerotheca fuliginea) was examined under controlled environmental conditions and in the field. In laboratory tests conducted on leaf disks, the efficacy of fenarimol was 30 times greater than that of Zohar LQ-215 as indicated by the ED₅₀ values of the compounds (0.012% and 0.356%, respectively). Zohar LQ-215 did not reduce spore germination or germ-tube elongation, but inhibited the later stages of the disease cycle (i.e., mycelial growth and sporulation). Although the detergent was degraded relatively quickly, its effect on the polycyclic development of the disease lasted for up to 24 days after spraying. Low disease severity (2.4% compared with 27% in the control) was maintained following three applications of the detergent at 5 days intervals. In a greenhouse trial, a mixture of Zohar LQ-215 and fenarimol at half rate did not improve disease suppression beyond the effect of fenarimol applied alone at half rate. However, the effects of the two compounds were additive when applied in the field as a mixture.     

10.8%精喹禾灵乳油防除春油菜田野燕麦的效果

为了更好地防除春油菜田野燕麦,对10.8％精喹禾灵乳油防除春油菜田野燕麦的效果及其对春油菜的安全性进行了田间小区试验.结果表明,10.8％精喹禾灵乳油在一定剂量范围内于野燕麦3～4叶期(春油菜3～4叶期)兑水300 L/hm2茎叶喷雾,对野燕麦的防除效果达到66.24％～ 95.75％,各处理区油菜生长正常.10.8％精喹禾灵乳油安全性好、防效高、持效期长.     

Glasshouse trials with controlled drop application of some foliage-applied herbicides

MCPA, mecoprop, dichlorprop, dicamba, 2,3,6-TBA, bentazone, ioxynil/bromoxynil (a mixture), barban, difenzoquat and chlorfenprop-methyl were applied by spinning disc in controlled drop sizes from 150-350μm and at very low volume rates (5–45 1/ha), to the foliage of some dicotyledonous weed species or wild oats (Avena fatua L.). The same herbicides were also applied by means of conventional hydraulic nozzles at volume rates of about 200 1/ha. Most of these herbicides performed as well at very low volume rates as with the conventional application, the major exceptions being bentazone, ioxynil/bromoxynil (both of which have distinct contact effects) and dichlorprop. Comparisons between oil and water as the diluent at a very low volume rates suggest that there may be situations when oil is preferable and others when water is.     

溴苯腈与精喹禾灵混用对亚麻的安全性及控草效果

为筛选防控亚麻田杂草的安全高效药剂,采用喷雾法,通过室内生物测定和田间试验测定了溴苯腈和精喹禾灵混用对亚麻的安全性和对亚麻田杂草的防效,并研究了除草剂混用对亚麻产量的影响。结果表明:在室内条件下,溴苯腈与精喹禾灵按有效成分含量375~450 g/hm2混用,施药后21 d,亚麻无药害症状,当用量增至675 g/hm2时,亚麻苗失绿症状明显,有烧叶现象,呈中度药害中毒症状;二者混用对稗草Echinochloa crusgalli和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus的选择性系数均为1.42,高于对照药剂2甲4氯钠 (其对稗草和反枝苋的选择性系数分别为0.53和0.85),表明该混用药剂在亚麻田应用存在潜在的药害风险,在保证除草效果的前提下,须严格控制其用量;该混用药剂以有效成分371.25 g/hm2在田间应用时,药后35 d对亚麻田杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均达85%以上,亚麻株高平均增加42.33 cm,高于对照药剂溴苯腈 (株高增加40.93 cm)、精喹禾灵 (株高增加41.80 cm) 和空白对照 (株高增加39.07 cm),且平均鲜重比单用溴苯腈和精喹禾灵分别提高2.7%和4.6%,比空白对照提高8.3%。表明溴苯腈与精喹禾灵混用可以用于防治亚麻田禾本科和阔叶杂草,但为了防止药害的发生,应严格控制用量,并使用防护罩喷头进行定向喷雾。