冬季添加产酶益生素对羔羊育肥效果的影响

本试验设试验组4组,对照组1组。在试验1、2、3、4组补充精料中分别按0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%添加反刍动物专用产酶益生素,试验期48 d。冬季羔羊育肥试验显示,各组初重差异均不显著(P>0.05),末重除试验组1与对照组差异不显著外(P>0.05),其余各试验组与对照组差异均显著(P<0.05)。从增重效果看,试验组1比对照组降低了0.05 kg,增重降低了1%;试验组2比对照组增加了2.30 kg,比对照组提高了46%;试验组3比对照组增加了0.45 kg,比对照组提高了9%;试验组4比对照组增加了0.30 kg,增重比对照组提高了6%。由此可以看出,羔羊冬季育肥试验组增重效果:试验组2>试验组3>试验组4>对照组>试验组1。     

锯末发酵饲料制作技术

木材加工厂产生的大量锯末,如果焚烧或弃之不用,不仅造成资源浪费,还会污染环境。若将锯末进行发酵,可提高其粗蛋白含量5．6％、无氮浸出物含量9．9％、矿物质含量8．5％,可降低其粗纤维含量26．7％,且具有芳香气味,质地柔软,是饲喂牛羊的好饲料。我们在30天的饲喂实验中,试验牛比喂玉米秸的对照牛日均增重提高0．45千克,饲喂效果较好。现将锯末发酵饲料的制作方法介绍如下：     

中草药提取物“益绿素”对草杂鸡生长性能的影响

摘要：目的：本试验研究了中草药提取物“益绿素”对鸡生长性能的影响。方法：试验选用160只1日龄健康草杂鸡,随机分为两组,即：试验组和对照组,益绿素分别按0和0.2%添加到对照组和试验组鸡的基础日粮中,试验期为30天,在7、14、21和30日龄早晨空腹称重,每天记录饲料消耗量,试验全期观察试验鸡的健康状况。结果：本试验的结果表明,试验组鸡的增重较对照组高, 试验组鸡体重较对照组在第二周、第三周和第四周分别提高2.04%,5.88%,6.34% 差异显著(p <0.05);试验组经济效益较对照组提高了2.14%。结论：中草药提取物“益绿素”作为饲料添加剂对草杂鸡生长性能有明显的促进作用。关键词：中草药提取物;益绿素;鸡;生长性能;经济效益     

糖/尿素饲料舔块育肥西杂牛效果试验

为了验证糖/尿素饲料舔块促进秸秆饲料消化利用的效果,选择西杂公牛20头分4组进行45d的强度育肥,试验Ⅰ组饲喂舔砖十微贮草;试验Ⅱ组饲喂舔砖十普通麦草;试验Ⅲ组饲喂微贮草;对照组饲喂普通麦草。结果表明：试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日增重分别较对照组高707g、505g和383g,提高550%、450%、344%。对照组与试验组经F检验增重差异均极显著（P＜0.01）。试验Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组多增重157g,提高22.2%,差异不显著（P＞0.05）。试验Ⅰ组较Ⅲ组多增重324克,提高60%,差异显著（P＜0.05）,增重效果明显。试验Ⅱ组比Ⅲ组多增重167g,提高30.9%,差异不显著（P＞0.05）。说明添加糖/尿素饲料舔块能够更好的促进秸秆饲料的消化利用。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组平均每头牛每天比对照组分别净增纯收入2.56元、2.33元、1.58元,说明试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比试验Ⅲ组和对照组育肥牛增重快,经济效益十分显著。     

饲料中大豆磷脂含量对幼鼠血液和肝脏成份的影响

为了探讨膳食中大豆磷脂对受试动物血液的影响以及磷脂在生物体内的利用和生物效应,研究者设计了5个实验组.对照组是10%的橄榄油,其它三组用不同比例的大豆磷脂取代部分橄榄油,第5组用5%大豆油取代一半橄榄油.饲喂试验进行了四周,然后分别作各试验组血清和肝脏中成份比较.结果如下:5个试验组鼠的增重以及饲料     

大蒜秸秆饲喂对肉羊增重及羊肉品质的影响

为研究大蒜秸秆饲喂对小尾寒羊增重及羊肉品质的影响,按照大蒜秸秆添加比例不同,把30只小尾寒羊随机分为试验组1、试验组2和对照组,每组10只,测定了不同饲料营养成分,不同组别小尾寒羊采食量、日增重、肠道疾病发生及羊肉品质等相关指标。与玉米饲料、玉米秸秆对比,大蒜新鲜秸秆的钙和粗纤维含量较高,蒜素含量为17.80 mg/100 g。不同大蒜秸秆饲料添加比例对肉羊增重影响显著,随着添加比例增加对肉羊增重具有显著的促进作用,试验组1和试验组2比对照组日增重增加35.29%和17.65%,大蒜秸秆作为粗饲料能够显著提高羊肉中不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的含量,粗料中添加大蒜秸秆比例较高（本试验70%）的条件下,羊肉中不饱和脂肪酸顺-9-油酸、亚油酸含量比对照增加370.58%和60.70%,限制性氨基酸、必需氨基酸和肉味氨基酸显著提高,分别比对照增加4.98%、3.82%和1.51%。肉羊养殖中,粗饲料中大蒜秸秆对比常规青贮玉米作为主要成分饲喂,对于小尾寒羊肉羊增重和羊肉品质都有显著的促进作用。     

生长抑素卵黄抗体(SS-IgY)对北京油鸡生长的影响

采用 1日龄北京油鸡 90只 ,随机分为试验组 60只和对照组 30只。试验组自 7日龄起 ,每 10d自颈部皮下注射SS IgY制剂 1mL ;对照组做平行处理。生长试验的结果表明 ,试验组油鸡的周增重显著高于对照组 ,且其SS IgY的促生长效率最高为 88 32 %。屠宰试验也表现出与之相似的结果 ,即试验组油鸡屠宰体重、胴体重以及胸肌和腿肌重均比对照组高 ,但其屠宰率两组间无明显差异。上述结果显示 ,SS IgY可提高北京油鸡的生长速度     

不同粗饲料组合对原料牛乳脂肪酸组成和含量的影响

本试验旨在研究不同粗饲料组合对荷斯坦奶牛原料乳脂肪酸的影响。试验采用单因素随机试验设计,将18头体重、年龄、胎次相近,处于泌乳中期的健康荷斯坦奶牛分为3组,每组6头。在全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂基础上调整粗饲料中干草比例,为对照组（TMR+羊草100%）、试验组1（TMR+羊草50%+苜蓿50%）、试验组2（TMR+羊草50%+苜蓿25%+秸秆25%）。在试验开始第1天、第25天、第50天采集奶样,用气相色谱法测定原料牛乳脂肪酸。结果表明：（1）试验组1和对照组的t10,c12-CLA含量差异显著(P<0.05)。（2）试验组1和2较对照组C20:1分别下降了16.67%和33.33%。（3）对照组和试验组1的C14: 1/C14:0均呈下降趋势,而试验组2的C14:1 /C14:0是先下降再上升(P<0.01)。（4）对照组n3/n6比值增加趋势变缓,试验1组对n3/n6比值的增加效果最强,试验组2次之。     

导入外源GRF基因质粒对犊牛生长性能的影响

为了研究导入GRF基因质粒对犊牛生长性能的影响,选取36头体重为约102kg西门塔尔杂交牛,随机分成四组每组9头,分别注射含有0mg,3.37mg,6.74mg,10.11mg质粒的5ml生理盐水。在试验过程中,定期进行增重,饲料采食量和生长激素水平的测定。试验结果表明,各处理组均在一定程度上提高了动物的日增重和饲料转化率,其中6.74mg处理组效果最好,日增重比对照组高出17.33%(P<0.01),饲料转化率提高18.05%(P<0.01)。屠宰后进行组织质粒残留检测,未发现有残留。     

日粮中添加黄秋葵茎叶粉对大麻花鸡皮肤及脂肪着色的影响

采用单因子试验设计,选取50日龄体重和脚胫颜色相近的大麻花鸡288只,随机分为6个试验处理,每个处理设置3个重复,每个重复16只鸡,试验组为占日粮2%、3%、4%、5%的黄秋葵,对照组为不添加黄秋葵组、添加加丽红和加丽黄的混合组,试验共进行42d。研究结果表明:日粮添加3%、4%、5%黄秋葵试验组显著提高了试验鸡皮肤和脂肪的着色效果(p<0.05),而添加2%黄秋葵试验组和2个对照组的着色效果较差;试验组鸡从开始摄取含黄秋葵的饲料到皮肤显现较黄颜色,需要3周左右,4周后达到比较理想的程度,各个部位着色程度大小是:脚胫>胸部>臀部>脂肪>背部;日粮添加黄秋葵茎叶粉对试验鸡的日增重和料重比无显著影响(p>0.05)。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.