青海互助猪传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学检测

用猪传染性胸膜肺炎间接血凝试验（IHA）,对采自青海省互助县某猪场饲养的70份互助猪的血清,进行了猪传染性胸膜肺炎血清抗体的检测。结果：检出29份阳性血清。阳性率为41．43％,表明：青海省互助猪的猪群中存在猪传染性胸膜肺炎的流行。     

贵阳市猪传染性胸膜肺炎的血清学调查

采用间接血凝试验对2007年和2008年贵阳市免疫与非免疫、不同饲养规模以及不同生产阶段的猪群进行猪传染性胸膜肺炎（PCP）血清抗体检测。结果：免疫猪群PCP血清抗体阳性率为63．6％和78．5％,非免疫猪群为50．3％和38．0％;在非免疫猪群中,规模养猪场的PCP阳性血清检出率,为60．2％和52．6％,农村散养户为25．0％和12．5％;在不同生产阶段非免疫猪群中,育肥猪群PCP血清抗体阳性率为62．2％和47．4％,断奶仔猪群,为30．3％和23．5％。调查结果表明,贵阳市不同猪群中已普遍存在猪传染性胸膜肺炎感染。     

约互一代初配母猪不同杂交组合情期受胎率的调查

统计１３２头次（情期）配种记录，受胎１１１头次，返情２１头次，情期受胎率８４．０９％。其中互助猪·大约克夏×互助猪·大约克夏情期受胎率为８７．１０％，互助猪·大约克夏×长白为１００％，互助猪·大约克夏×杜洛克为８０．００％，互助猪·大约克夏×大约克夏为６１．１１％。     

八眉黑系猪在青海省培育成功

正青海省科技厅组织有关专家对省畜牧兽医科学院、互助八眉猪保种场、互助八眉猪原种繁育场、西北农林科技大学共同完成的"青海八眉黑系猪培育技术研究"项目进行了验收及成果评价。专家通过对该项目的验收,认为"青海八眉黑系猪培育技术研究"项目成果研究水平达到国际先进水平。该项目建成两个黑系母猪核心群,存栏基础母猪239头,经产母猪窝产仔数10.13头,60日龄体重     

猪源致病性链球菌分群鉴定及血清学调查

应用间接血凝（ＩＨＡ）试验和环状沉淀试验对湖北,湖南,河南,江西和辽宁等省送检的病料中分离的猪源致病性链球菌６３株进行了血清学分群鉴定,两法的结果是一致的。鉴定同Ｃ群４０株,Ｄ群８株,Ｅ群１１株,Ｒ群４株。采用以上两法对鄂,湘,处的２０个猪场随机抽样的４１４份不同猪群的血清进行链球菌九特异性抗体检测,在ＩＨＡ法中的阳性率：Ｃ群５２．９０％,Ｄ群１４．７３％,Ｅ群１８．３６％,Ｒ群４．３５％,环状球     

通过种猪核心群提高商品猪质量的研究

为解决许多猪场种猪生产性能和体型外貌不一致＊问题，本试验在１０个工厂化猪场历时３年，建立种猪＊核心群。通过种猪综合指数选择，严格选种选配，使种＊猪生产性能和肉猪肥育性能，以及体型外貌的整齐度，＊都有较大的改善。长白猪核心群产仔数据高５．３％，２８＊日龄断乳重提高５．７％；大约克猪核心群分别提高＊７．２％和７．５％；商品肥育猪日增重提高１２．６％，料重＊比降低５．９％。经ｔ测定，多数经济性状差异高度显著＊（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

互助猪及其杂交猪的肉质比较

对互助猪、杜洛克猪和以互助猪为母本,用国内外6个不同品种猪为第一和第二父本的8个杂交组合猪的肉质测定结果:互助猪肉质优良,肌肉干物质、脂肪含量明显高于各杂交组和杜洛克猪(P<0.01),嫩度接近80％,背脂和板油的融点低,肌肉颜色、大理石纹也优于其它各组合;各杂交组猪的眼肌面积比互助猪提高47.8—133.8％(P<0.01),以杜苏互和杜长互为最高,分别增加133.8％、115.4％,瘦肉率比互助猪提高5.0—10.1％,以杜苏互和长苏互较高,分别增加10.1％和9.3％;肌肉pH值以杜苏互、长苏互、杜长互和汉巴互较佳,均比亲本杜洛克猪有明显提高(P<0.05)。由此看出,互助猪虽然眼肌面积小,瘦肉率低,但其与瘦肉型品种的杂交后代,眼肌面积和瘦肉率都有较大提高。就肉质比较而言,杜苏互和长苏互是较好的瘦肉型杂交组合。     

平顶山市猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学调查

通过对平顶山市6个县30个规模化猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合症血清学调查,了解了平顶山市猪繁殖与呼吸综合症血清学流行情况。结果表明,12个未免疫猪场均不同程度受PRRSV感染,猪场抗体阳性率为100％,猪群抗体阳性率在47．4％-73．1％之间,平均阳性率为57．9％;18个免疫猪场PRRS感染率为77．8％,免疫猪场猪群PRRSV抗体阳性率在75％～100％之间,平均为90．9％。所有猪场不同猪群,生产母猪平均S／P值高于仔猪,后备母猪平均S／P值高于生产母猪。免疫PRRS猪场抗体S／P值,明显高于未免疫PRRS猪场猪群的抗体S／P值,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。     

猪巴氏杆菌二价（A,B群）灭活疫苗的研究：Ⅲ,中试生产,检验方法,免…

在前两报的试验基础上，按原定工艺在工厂中生产了１５批猪巴氏杆菌二阶来活疫苗的中试产品。鼠，兔安全检验均安全合格；用兔效检效果为；Ａ群菌保护７５％，Ｂ群菌保护８７％；猪，兔效力对比试验验证了效力试验中猪兔的平行关系，为用兔作该疫轩产力检验进一步提供依据，猪的免疫持期测定表明在免疫后７个月，猪对Ａ，Ｂ群强毒菌的攻击可获得１００％保护；     

中西医结合治疗互助八眉母猪临床型乳房炎

互助八眉猪在当地又叫"互助猪"、"大耳朵猪",是青海省唯一的猪遗传资源地方保护品种。2006年被列入农业部公布的首批138个国家级畜禽遗传资源保护品种名录,且在34个猪品种中位居第一位。互助八眉猪主产于     

牦牛瘤胃内饲料蛋白质降解率的研究

用瘤胃尼龙袋技术测定了１１种常见饲料在牦牛瘤胃内的降解率。根据饲养水平,瘤胃食糜的外流速度估计为０．０６７／ｈ。测定结果表明,玉米、豌豆秸粉、菜籽饼、豌豆、鱼粉、曲拉、肉骨粉、青稞、甲醛鱼粉、甲醛菜籽饼和麸皮的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）降解率分别为０．６８、０．５６、０．４４、０．８５、０．４９、０．５５、０．８１、０,８３、０．３８、０,４８和０．７９,干物质（ＤＭ）降解率依次为０．６８、０．３０、０．４９、０．７３、０．５０、０,５４、０,５９、０．８２、０．３２、０．４９和０．７４。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review

Birds have evolved alternate physiologic strategies to contend with dehydration, starvation, malnutrition, and reproduction. Basic anatomic and functional differences between birds and mammals impact clinical chemistry values and their evaluation. Interpretation of the results of standard biochemical analyses, including BUN, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, gamma glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, ammonia, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, albumin, globulins, calcium, phosphorus, prealbumin (transthyretin), fibrinogen, iron, and ferritin, is reviewed and discussed in relation to these physiological differences. The use and interpretation of alternative analytes appropriate for avian species, such as uric acid, biliverdin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and galactose clearance, also are reviewed. Normal avian urine and appropriate use of urinalysis, an integral part of laboratory diagnosis in mammalian species that frequently is omitted from avian diagnostic protocols, is discussed.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Studies on some biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin

A total of 49 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus of buffalo mammary origin were studied for biochemical characteristics. Coagulase production, clumping factor, haemolytic activity, pigment production and fermentation of maltose and mannitol were employed to differentiate S. aureus from S. hyicus and S. intermedius. Out of 49 isolates, 97.95, 93.87, 93.87, 89.79, 95.91, 100.0, 95.91, 59.18, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 89.79, 91.83 and 100.0% isolates were positive for coagulase production, protein-A production, haemolysin production, thermostable nuclease production, deoxyribonuclease production, tellurite reduction, nitrate reduction, lipase production, phosphatase production, mannitol fermentation, glucose fermentation, M.R. test, V.P. test and pigment production respectively. The only isolate from which coagulase production could not be detected, however, showed haemolytic activity, protein-A productivity, pigmentation and mannitol fermentation. One of the protein-A negative isolate was coagulase positive and showed mennitol fermentation, pigmentation and haemolytic activity. The study revealed that the biochemical characteristics of S. aureus of buffalo mammary origin did not differ from those of cattle origin. Coagulase, haemolysin, thermostable nuclease, deoxyribonuclease, phosphatase, lipase, tellurite and nitrate reduction closely related with protein-A. The presence of protein-A seems to be as reliable an indicator for S. aureus of buffalo origin as is coagulase production.     

几种草坪草和牧草在兰州地区的引种适应性研究

国外引进的6个优良草坪草品种：Bardur(百舵)、Barfina(百妃娜)、Barcotsa、Barkole(百克星)、BarLp95-1和BarPc74及牧草品种——紫花苜蓿三得利(Sanditi)在中国兰州(寒冷半干旱带)进行品种的评定和适应性研究,结果表明：除在气候异常、高温多雨的夏季,Barcorsa表现不佳外,6个草坪草品种适宜在中国寒冷半干旱带推广;紫花苜蓿三得利(Sanditi)的植株高大,产量高、抗寒、抗倒伏,与当地品种相比,优势明显;并且在兰州地区1年刈割4次,可收到更好的增产效果。     

哺乳期犊牛健康管理

哺乳期犊牛是奶牛生命周期的开始,也是奶牛整个生命周期中最为脆弱的阶段,其健康状况可直接影响牧场的可持续发展和经营效率。在哺乳期,犊牛可面临多种疾病的挑战,但消化道疾病和呼吸道疾病是全球奶牛养殖业面临的共性问题。本文对哺乳期犊牛健康状况、初乳管理、犊牛腹泻和呼吸道疾病的管理进行了梳理,并对其防控提出了建议。初乳管理方面分析了影响初乳质量的因素、初乳储存与处理和饲喂管理;犊牛健康管理部分叙述了产圈管理、饲养环境和饲喂方式、营养及饲喂管理、疫苗免疫、通风、疾病早期诊断、应激管理和患犊管理。     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

基于网络药理学分析桑叶增强鸡抗氧化功能的作用机制

利用中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)和herb数据库检索收集桑叶的化学成分和靶点,运用Cytoscape3.7.2软件、NCBI数据库、STRING数据库构建并分析桑叶化合物-靶点网络和蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并对靶点进行GO富集和KEGG通路富集分析,藉以分析桑叶增强鸡抗氧化功能的作用机理。结果表明,共筛选到槲皮素、芦丁、山柰酚、β-谷甾醇、β-胡萝卜素和花生四烯酸等30个有效活性成分,这些成分作用于221个靶点。其中IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等为核心靶点。GO功能富集和KEGG通路分析显示靶点的作用涉及分子功能、生物过程和细胞组成3个方面,并参与到NOD样受体信号通路、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路、细胞凋亡等多条代谢通路。本研究表明,理论上桑叶基于IL-6、VEGFA、EGF、INS、CAT、CASP3、CCND1、PTGS2、IL-1B和MMP9等靶点可以调控鸡的抗氧化作用,为进一步的试验验证及桑叶作为抗氧化功能饲料添加剂的开发提供了启示。     

CT features of malignant tubular genital tract tumors in seven goats

Neoplasia of the tubular genital tract in goats, while rarely described, is most commonly reported as uterine adenocarcinoma, leiomyoma, or leiomyosarcoma. In this retrospective, single-center, case series, medical records were searched for goats with a computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of tubular genital mass and a definitive histologic (surgical biopsy or necropsy) diagnosis of malignant neoplasia. Data recorded from CT images were presence of peritoneal/retroperitoneal fluid, urinary tract obstruction, abdominal lymphadenomegaly, additional abdominal nodules/masses, and pulmonary nodules. For masses, maximum cross-sectional area, contrast enhancement, and uterine luminal fluid accumulation were also recorded. Seven goats met the inclusion criteria (leiomyosarcoma n = 5, adenocarcinoma n = 2). Both goats with adenocarcinoma had upper urinary tract obstruction, moderate to severe regional lymphadenopathy, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneal or hepatic nodules/masses; one goat with adenocarcinoma was discharged and subsequently euthanized, and the other had palliative mass debulking and was lost to follow up. Goats with leiomyosarcoma had infrequent, mild peritoneal fluid and mild sublumbar lymphadenopathy. Of the goats with leiomyosarcoma, two were euthanized at or near the time of CT imaging, two were euthanized at the time of surgery due to perceived mass non-resectability, and one had mass regression approximately four months post ovariohysterectomy but was subsequently lost to follow up. Five goats had pulmonary nodules, three of which had pathologic confirmation (pulmonary metastasis in a single patient with adenocarcinoma, and lungworm granulomas in two goats with leiomyosarcoma). Severe sublumbar lymphadenopathy and obstructive uropathy were sequelae in the two caprine patients with genital adenocarcinoma, and in none with leiomyosarcoma.