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Identifying important sites for conservation of freshwater biodiversity: extending the species-based approach 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Abstract Species richness in relation to area of habitat is extremely high in many freshwater groups, with an estimated 12 000 fish, 5000 amphibians and 2000 mollusc species dependent on freshwater habitats. Other major groups dependent upon fresh waters include, reptiles, insects, plants and mammals. The IUCN Redlist and The Nature Conservancy assessments both indicate the serious vulnerability and degradation of inland water habitats world-wide. It is evident that there are neither the resources nor the time to protect all areas where species are under threat. Clearly a method is needed for prioritising inland water sites for conservation at both local and regional scales. IUCN held a workshop in June 2002 to develop a method for prioritising important inland water sites for biodiversity conservation. The goal of the workshop was to develop a method which would help to focus on conservation efforts and funds at the regional scale and would serve as a tool for active conservation efforts at the local scale. The method was developed on the foundations of a review of the existing site prioritisation schemes for terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems. Expert representatives for a broad range of priority taxa and for existing schemes provided input to the development of the site prioritisation method. This paper describes the development of the method, the selection criteria adopted, guidelines for their use and the site selection procedure. 相似文献
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A simple approach for assigning the conservation status of freshwater fish based on their natural variability – a case study from the Iberian Ecoregion 
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下载免费PDF全文 A simple, non‐lethal method for assigning conservation status is proposed based on three conservation classes (favourable, unfavourable/inadequate and unfavourable/bad) to fish species based on their natural population variability. To demonstrate this approach, conservation classes were allocated to three native fish species (brown trout Salmo trutta L., northern Iberian chub Squalius carolitertii (Doadrio), and northern straight‐mouth nase, Pseudochondrostoma duriense (Coelho) based on basic population variables (density and biomass) using a 9‐year dataset (2004–2012) from 15 different sampling sites in Spain. The classification of the population variables into conservation classes was made using previously described nonparametric methods and percentiles categorisation, and the current conservation status of the studied species was established. Temporal trend analyses showed that S. carolitertii experienced a progressive significant decrease during the study period, whereas both S. trutta and P. duriense exhibited weak increases in density. The study exemplifies the need to quantify the natural variability of fish resources to reveal their current conservation status and to determine whether short‐term and long‐term management actions are needed to rehabilitate native fish assemblages. The proposed approach could easily be employed by fisheries managers to monitor the conservational status of other native species. 相似文献
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- 1. To conserve biodiversity in a human‐dominated landscape, a science‐based inventory and monitoring plan is needed that quantifies existing resources, isolates drivers that maintain natural communities, determines harmful stressors, and links ecological drivers and human stressors. A tactical approach is proposed for conservation planning using freshwater fish at the Cape Cod National Seashore.
- 2. Freshwater fish are well studied and occur across environmental gradients. The lentic systems at the national park are relatively pristine yet are enveloped by a region of high population density. Using fish community data, three steps were taken for tracking anthropogenic impacts in a human dominated landscape. First, fish and potential drivers were sampled intensively along a gradient to determine which fish metrics reflect natural communities and which abiotic and biotic factors structure them. Second, emerging and existing regional human threats were identified. Third, these human threats were linked to the potential drivers that maintain natural communities to identify the most informative metrics to monitor and track change.
- 3. Fish communities, water quality, habitat, and food resources were sampled concurrently in 18 ponds in 1999 and 2000. Three common fish species explained 98% of variation in numbers across systems. Based on ecological relationships, pH, depth, vegetation, prey, and community complexity were determined to maintain biodiversity of freshwater fish communities.
- 4. The primary human threats here included: development‐related, land‐use changes; non‐point source pollution; eutrophication from septic systems; and introduced species that are a byproduct of high human visitation. These are common threats in many rapidly urbanized areas and are likely to have relevance to many sites.
- 5. To track the impact of emerging threats to freshwater ponds related to increased human population, monitoring changes in water quality, vegetated habitat, fish diversity, and trophic interactions are recommended.
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The Alliance for Freshwater Life: A global call to unite efforts for freshwater biodiversity science and conservation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 William Darwall Vanessa Bremerich Aaike De Wever Anthony I. Dell Jörg Freyhof Mark O. Gessner Hans‐Peter Grossart Ian Harrison Ken Irvine Sonja C. Jähnig Jonathan M. Jeschke Jessica J. Lee Cai Lu Aleksandra M. Lewandowska Michael T. Monaghan Jens C. Nejstgaard Harmony Patricio Astrid Schmidt‐Kloiber Simon N. Stuart Michele Thieme Klement Tockner Eren Turak Olaf Weyl 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(4):1015-1022
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Integrating fishing and conservation in a risk framework: A stochastic population model to guide the proactive management of a threatened freshwater crayfish 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Charles R. Todd Nick Whiterod Scott M.C. Raymond Sylvia Zukowski Martin Asmus Macgregor J. Todd 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(4):954-968
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- 1. Conservation efforts have traditionally been directed to ‘flagship’ species (whales, seals, migratory birds, etc.) that capture public attention. Often these flagship species occupy distinctive habitats. Distinctive habitats appear to be distinguished because of anomalous physical structures and unique oceanographic processes occurring within them, whereas representative habitats are not notable in this way. Distinctive habitats are found in areas of various physical anomalies described primarily by temperature, chlorophyll and topography.
- 2. Several different kinds of distinctive habitats can be defined by their anomalous physical structures and oceanographic and biological processes. Species diversity may be either higher or lower in distinctive than in representative habitats. Distinctive habitats predominantly belong to a class of environments called ‘ergoclines’, and are typically associated with elevated resources at some ‘trophic level’.
- 3. These elevated resources may be either the product of true production (i.e. they are generated (in situ), or they are the product of physical accumulation due to circulation mechanisms. These processes lie at the heart of the ecology of distinctive habitats, and are fundamental to maintenance of ecosystem health, ecological integrity, distributions, abundances and recruitment of species, patterns of animal migrations, and potential or actual fisheries yields.
- 4. Conservation strategies need to examine the relationships between distinctive and representative habitats and species diversity. A strategy, leading from studies on flagship or other focal species, could have several advantages. It should rejuvenate the inherent appeal and significance of ‘species’ approaches to marine conservation, provide a rationale for human interest and a new foundation for examination of marine ecological interactions. It would also require a novel synthesis of relationships between ‘species’ and ‘spaces’ approaches to marine conservation by asking how we can take the best advantage of both approaches, rather than seeing them as in conflict.
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Genetic structure of Irish freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera and Margaritifera durrovensis): Validity of subspecies,roles of host fish,and conservation implications 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Juergen Geist Evelyn Moorkens Ian Killeen Sarah Feind Bernhard C. Stoeckle Áine O. Connor Ralph Kuehn 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(4):923-933
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