电化学法处理养殖粪便重金属的研究

对浏阳市永安镇某养殖场养殖粪便中Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+等重金属离子的含量进行了分析,并以石墨板为阳极、不锈钢板为阴极的电化学方法对养殖粪便进行处理,考察了电解电压、电解时间等因素,对样品不同区域pH以及Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+等重金属离子处理效果的影响,同时计算能源消耗费用。结果表明,阳极区域的pH呈下降的趋势,阴极区域的pH呈上升的趋势,且反应稳定后阴极和阳极区域的pH值之和等于14；在反应器中的不同区域内,各重金属离子的去除效果均不同,阳极区域的去除效果最佳；在样品初始浓度为90g/L、pH值为6.82的条件下,当电压为40V,电解时间为4h时,对养殖粪便的处理效果与费用最佳,此时反应器中Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+等重金属离子的去除率分别为62.32% 、79.78%、55.37%、58.56%,处理1m3的养殖粪便所需的费用为10.75元。     

电极生物膜处理水产养殖废水氨氮的实验研究

为了探索水产养殖废水中难以降解的氨氮的最佳去除工艺,本实验采用电极生物膜法,在好氧区利用阳极碳棒电解产生的氧,在硝化细菌的作用下使氨氮转化为硝酸盐氮;在缺氧区利用阴极碳棒电解产生的氢,促进反硝化细菌实现反硝化脱氮。结果表明：温度过高或过低,对硝化和反硝化细菌的活性都有一定抑制;C/N比为1时,能实现氨氮与硝酸盐氮的同时去除;电流对硝化和反硝化处理效率有很大的促进作用;同时电流强度随氨氮负荷的增加而增大;水力停留时间越长,氨氮的去除率越高。     

混凝法去除水中TiO2纳米颗粒

为了探讨混凝法去除水中纳米颗粒的可行性及最佳条件,研究了无机混凝剂（PAC、PFS、PAFC）和有机絮凝剂（CPAM、APAM、NPAM）对TiO₂纳米颗粒的去除效果,并考察了投加量、pH、沉淀时间、水力条件及有机无机复配对TiO₂纳米颗粒去除效率的影响。单独投加PAC、PFS和PAFC时,三者对应的最高去除率分别为92.51%、84.43%、95.66%。单独投加CPAM、APAM、NPAM时三者对应的去除率仅为61.72%、29.06%、55.37%。复配最佳混凝条件为：投加40 mg/LPAC和3 mg/LCPAM,pH值为9,G值143.5/s,沉淀时间15 min,此时,TiO₂纳米颗粒去除率为99.6%。     

响应面法优化电解芬顿协同法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液

采用电解芬顿法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液,选取电量、进水pH值、进水氨氮浓度3个因素为变量,CODCr去除率为响应值进行Box-Behnken中心组合设计。利用响应面法对试验结果进行分析,建立了CODCr去除率为响应值的二阶多项式模型并进行了方差分析和显著性检验,通过解模型逆矩阵得到最佳条件：单位面积电量为23.26 Ah/dm 2、pH值为3.58、进水氨氮浓度56.78 mg/L。在最佳条件下,CODCr去除率为96.5%,与模型预测值偏差为4.45%,吻合度较高。对电解芬顿深度处理前后的渗滤液进行GC-MS分析,表明电解芬顿协同处理技术能有效降解垃圾渗滤液中难生化降解的有机物,将有机物种类从42种降低至21种,是较有效的深度处理技术。     

纳米包装材料对稻谷储藏品质的影响

在30℃、80%RH条件下,用含纳米无机抗菌剂的聚乙烯(PE)包装袋储藏稻谷,研究纳米包装材料对储藏稻谷品质变化规律的影响。在90d储藏期内跟踪检测稻谷的脂肪酸、糊化特性、质构等指标的变化,分析纳米抗菌包装材料和普通包装材料对稻谷品质劣变的影响。结果表明,经90d储藏后的稻谷脂肪酸升高9.41%,与普通包装材料相比,含纳米抗菌剂的包装材料能够较好地抑制稻谷品质劣变,延长稻谷储藏期。     

含钴废水的粉煤灰处理效果初报

为解决含钴工业废水的污染问题，实验以热电厂废弃物粉煤灰为吸附剂，采用EDTA滴定法，对含钴废液进行了吸附研究。模拟测定了影响粉煤灰吸附特性的几种因素，即吸附时间、待吸附液pH值、温度、加灰量以及振动速度等，并分析了粉煤灰处理废水的机理。结果显示，在其它条件相同的情况下，随着吸附温度的降低，振荡速率的增加，加灰量的增加，吸附时间的适当延长，pH的升高，去除率逐渐升高。研究表明，采用粉煤灰吸附含钴工业废水，可以得到较好的处理效果，能达到以废治废的目的     

铁炭微电解材料处理农药污水的研究

为了制备铁炭微电解材料并优化其处理农药污水的反应条件。笔者制备铁炭微电解材料,选取铁炭质量比、pH值、处理时间进行单因素试验,并以单因素试验为基础,以此3个因素为自变量,以农药污水中COD去除率为响应值,设计3因素3水平的响应面法优化处理条件。结果表明:优化分析得到最佳处理条件为:铁炭质量比(A)为1:1、pH值(B)为3、反应时间(C)为1.5 h,铁炭微电解材料处理农药污水的COD去除率理论值为73.8%,实际值为72.9%,相对标准偏差为0.11%。本处理方法具有操作简便、成本较低、节能高效等优点,是一种较好的农药污水处理方法。     

电解还原处理对大豆蛋白质溶液的粘性与凝胶性的影响

关于电解还原处理对在高温高湿度(44℃ R. H.75%)条件下贮藏30日的陈大豆调制的酸沉淀蛋白质溶液的粘性与凝胶性的影响,研究结果如下:(1)经过电解还原处理(电流:l0mA,电流密度:2.5mA/cm~2) ,溶液的pH及SH基含量增加。(2)溶液的粘度随着处理时间的增长而增大,处理120分钟时达到最大值,120分钟后趋减。因加热引起的粘度上升,未经电解还原处理的尤为显著.(3) GDL凝胶体的硬度比未经电解还原处理的要硬,与粘度变化相同,在120分钟时为最大值.(4)经电解还原处理后,可以抑制由于过度加热造成的蛋白质溶液凝胶体硬度降低。     

海州香薷根系对铜胁迫的抗氧化响应

为了阐明铜胁迫下植物抗氧化的时间效应,以耐铜植物海州香薷(Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun)为材料,研究水培条件下100 μmol/L CuSO4处理0、2、4、6、8天后海州香薷根系在抗氧化方面的响应特征。结果表明：随着铜处理时间的延长,海州香薷根系膜质过氧化产物TBARS和H2O2含量显著增加,抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性也依次升高。因此,推测在铜胁迫条件下,海州香薷根系可能通过是膜质过氧化、H2O2产生以及抗氧化酶（尤其是CuZn-SOD和POD）活性升高等来增强自身的抗性防护系统。     

混凝-活性炭吸附工艺去除水中甲氰菊酯农药

通过对含甲氰菊酯农药的模拟水样进行混凝活性炭吸附处理,分别考察了混凝剂种类、投加量、pH等因素对混凝效果的影响以及木质粉末活性炭投加量、吸附时间、pH等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,对水样作常规混凝处理时,氯化铁的处理效果优于其他混凝剂,当氯化铁的投加量为20 mg/L,pH为8时,甲氰菊酯去除率可达59.4 %。对水样做活性炭吸附处理时,适宜pH范围为6~9,木质粉末活性炭最佳投加量为40 mg/L,最佳吸附时间为70 min,在最优吸附条件下,甲氰菊酯去除率可达81.6 %。在最优混凝吸附条件下,氯化铁混凝协同木质粉末活性炭吸附去除甲氰菊酯的去除率均大于90%,对水中甲氰菊酯去除效果较好。     

Water dipping and electrokinetic jointed remediation of chromium-contaminated soil without water electrolysis

A heavily chromium-contaminated soil with total chromium (TCr) concentration of 2 312 mg/kg is dipped in distilled water seven times before electrokinetic remediation without water electrolysis (EKRWWE). The TCr removal rates of 45%, 67% and 84% are respectively achieved after water-dipping, 85.4 h EKRWWE and 203 h EKRWWE in order, demonstrating that pre-dipping treatment is able to significantly reduce the load of EKRWWE. In order to prevent electrolysis of water, iron is used as anode and CuSO4 solution is used as cathode electrolyte. Consequently, Fe 2+ ion instead of H + ion and SO 2-4 ion instead of OH - ion migrate into soil and a higher transference number of CrO 2-4 ion is achieved which means a higher efficiency of electrokinetic remediation of chromium-contaminated soil.     

掺硼金刚石薄膜电极电化学氧化对铜绿微囊藻的生长抑制

阳极材料采用掺硼金刚石薄膜板状电极,研究了电化学氧化中电流密度、电解时间、pH、氯离子浓度、硫酸根离子浓度对铜绿微囊藻生长抑制的影响,以及电解前后藻细胞形态的变化。结果表明,4个影响因素对铜绿微囊藻生长抑制效果显著。抑藻效果随电流密度、电解时间的增加而增加,电流密度为17 mA/cm²时藻细胞出现破裂、细胞内物质流出的现象,抑藻效果较好;当电解时间为20 min时,可完全抑制藻细胞生长;再增大电解时间,对抑藻效果无明显促进作用,初始pH在中性及酸性条件下可完全抑制藻细胞生长。抑藻效果与溶液中氯离子、硫酸根离子浓度成正相关,当溶液中氯离子浓度为6 mg/L时,可完全抑制藻细胞生长;无氯离子时,藻细胞在4 d后出现继续增长现象。     

不同耕作措施对麦田土壤碳储量和作物水氮利用效率的影响

为了探索耕作措施和秸秆还田对麦田土壤碳氮水的动态变化的影响,在田间定位试验的基础上,通过深耕(T1)、深耕+秸秆还田(T2)、浅耕(T3)、浅耕+秸秆还田(T4)4种不同耕作方式处理,对麦田碳储量、土壤含水量、全氮含量以及作物水氮利用效率的变化进行了研究。结果表明,秸秆还田在不同时期对土壤碳储量有一定的影响,与播前土壤有机碳储量相比,0~20 cm土层各处理在越冬期有较高的有机碳储量,20~40 cm土层则于拔节期有机碳储量达到最大值,40~60 cm土层除T1处理,其他处理皆为拔节期最大。综合来看,在整个生育期有机碳储量均表现为秸秆还田处理大于秸秆不还田处理。深耕处理提高了小麦生育前期的土壤含水量,T2处理的作物耗水量比T4处理高4.2%;秸秆还田提高了作物的水分利用效率,T2的水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率分别比浅耕加秸秆还田高24.9%,27.6%。除开花期,T1处理的植株含氮量高于浅耕处理,T2处理能够显著提高冬小麦氮素积累量,较不还田处理提高了44%;T1处理的氮素利用效率比浅耕处理高57.2%。秸秆还田处理在生育前期抑制了小麦的生长,但后期促进了植株干物质量的积累。秸秆还田有利于穗粒数的提高,从而提高产量,T2处理较T3处理产量提高了22.1%,较T1处理增产6.7%;T1处理较T3处理增产14.4%。因此,秸秆还田和深耕有助于提高土壤碳储量,提高水分和氮素利用效率,进而提高作物产量。     

聚丙烯酰胺型保水剂对基质持水性和菜心生长的影响

在砂、炉渣、锯木屑三种基质中加入不同用量的保水剂并进行菜心育苗和盆栽试验,研究保水剂对基质的持水特性、容重和菜心出苗、生长的影响。结果表明：随着保水剂用量的增加,3种基质的持水量和锯木屑的湿容重显著增加,而砂、炉渣的湿容重趋于降低;保水剂可提高菜心出苗率,随着保水剂用量的增加,菜心幼苗萎蔫天数、植株高度和生物量也显著增加;菜心水分利用效率在一定范围内随保水剂用量的增加而增加,但保水剂用量超过一定水平,菜心水分利用效率反而下降。     

Electrochemical Oxidation of Aqueous Phenol at Carbon Nanotube Electrode

To investigate the effects of human soluble TRAIL(sTRAIL) on cell growth and apoptosis of hepatocellular carThe electrochemical oxidation of aqueous phenol at pure carbon nanotube electrode has been studied by cyclic voltammetry.The results have shown that in the potential region of water stability,fine oxidation current curve can be obtained.The electricity of oxidation peak is partly linear with phenol concentration.Comparing with traditional carbon electrode,better results have been obtained with the pure carbon nanotube electrode.Depending on it,it is possible to obtain the complete combustion of phenol to CO_2,which can avoid electrode fouling and poor repeatability.     

Pretreatment of Coke Oven Waste Water with Blast Furnace Sludge Method and Blast Furnace Sludge Plus Scrap Iron Method

Coke oven waste water is respectively pretreated by blast furnace sludge method and blast furnace sludge plus iron scrap method, the effects of pH and the quantity of materials and treatment time on the removal efficiency of COD are analyzed. The results indicate that blast furnace sludge plus iron scrap method is superior to blast furnace sludge method .The treatment time and pH can greatly affect on the removal efficiency of COD using blast furnace sludge plus iron scrap method. The treatment time after 30 minutes and pH have no remarkable effects the removal efficiency of COD using blast furnace sludge method. The removal efficiency of COD increases with the increase of blast furnace sludge and iron scrap, but the increase rate decreases gradually.     

Experimental Analysis on Time dependent Law of Surface Chloride Ion Concentration of Concrete

Immersion in sodium chloride solution was adopted to periodically test chloride ion concentration at the surface of concrete and regression analysis was completed.And time dependent law of surface chloride ion concentration of concrete with time was investigated.Influences of sodium chloride solution concentration, water to cement ratio and fly ash content on size and accumulation rate of surface chloride ion concentration were also analyzed.It is found that surface chloride ion concentration gradually grows with the of time increase the of time and reaches a steady state finally.With the increase of sodium chloride solution concentration, surface chloride ion concentration reaches the steady state more quickly and then increases numerically.Bigger water to cement ratio means quicker accumulation of surface chloride ion concentration and greater surface chloride ion concentration.Fly ash replacement could fasten accumulation of surface chloride ion concentration and surface chloride ion concentration increases with the increase of fly ash content.An improved model was proposed by comparison and correction of current models.     

Nitrogen reduction stimulated by a three-dimensional electrochemical-biofilm reactor and its correlation with electric field

To realize automatic control, it is important to study the response of reactor to electric field. A three-dimensional biofilm eletrode reactor is developed and steadily operated to remove nitrogen. In the reactor, oxygen is produced on the anode and hydrogen is produced on the cathode of the three-dimensional electrode by electrolysis water. Microorganism in the reactor utilize oxygen and hydrogen adequately to remove nitrogen by nitrification-denitrification. To evaluate the correlation of electric field with the reactor, DO, pH and nitrogen removal efficiency are studied. Results show that when a electric field of 0.013 4 mA/cm 2 is applied to the system, the removal rate of NH +4-N, NO -3-N and TN is 90%, 70% and 70%, respectively. To assure the reactor run efficiently, the maximum of the intensity of electric field applied to the reactor is 0.0201 mA/cm 2. Within 0.0201 mA/cm 2, the system is in stable running status, while DO and pH is altered resulting from the intensity of electric field. With enhancing the intensity of electric field, the removal rate of NO -3 -N can be improved, although, the removal rate of NH +4-N is not elevated markedly. There is no accumulation of NO -2 -N within 0.0201 mA/cm 2.