环保好习惯健康伴成长——蒙牛学生奶环保主题校园宣传活动拉开帷幕

青岛，这颗胶州半岛上的明珠近年来吸引了越来越多的目光。得益于山东省持续走高的经济热潮，贸易口岸的优势以及外资的注入，青岛向世界展现出了前所未有的发展速度。     

发现商机的14大法则

商机无论大小,从经济意义上讲一定是能由此产生利润的机会.商机表现为需求的产生与满足的方式上在时间、地点、成本、数量、对象上的不平衡状态.旧的商机消失后,新的商机又会出现.没有商机,就不会有"交易"活动.商机转化为财富,必定满足五个"合适":合适的产品或服务,合适的客户,合适的价格,合适的时间,合适的渠道.目前我们能认识的商机大致可归结为14种:     

省级兽药经销商经营模式分析

这里所说的省级兽药经销商并不是一个确切的概念,而是泛指在省内跨地区经营的较大规模的兽药经销商,一般分布在地区级城市或养殖业发达的县城、乡镇。在吉林省内数量不多,但其影响很大,对市场起主导作用,代表着兽药市场的现状及今后的发展方向,研究他们的经营模式及每一种模     

植酸酶基因工程的研究进展

通过基因工程的方法获得能耐热、耐酸的植酸酶工程菌是目前植酸酶研究的热点.本文综述了近年来植酸酶在新菌株的筛选,酶的分子改造以及转基因方面的研究,并分析了植酸酶的研究方向和应用前景.     

海星资源的开发现状及发展动态

海洋生物种群复杂多样,种类繁多,特殊的生长环境使得它们自身及其代谢产物具有特殊的功能,不仅具有丰富的营养价值,而且对人类及动物的多种疾病具有很好的疗效.海星是海洋中为数众多的一类海底栖息无脊椎动物,富含蛋白、氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素等,必需氨基酸比例合理,将其作为人类的营养美食有很好的开发前景.     

缩小分组饲养的面积

在丹麦,人们已经提出一个分组饲养妊娠母猪的新观念,名叫"最佳猪栏",它把群饲设备与单独饲喂和铺有稻草、排水良好的地面结合在一起,见图1.对这种设计的研究显示,给妊娠母猪建成一个既有饲喂/休息的去处,又有一个铺垫良好的躺卧处的猪栏-所占面积总量与配备给群饲母猪的电子饲喂系统的场地所使用的面积相当.     

母猪繁殖障碍综合征的成因分析

对于自繁自养的猪场而言,母猪繁殖性能直接影响到猪场的生产成本及效益。近年来多因素多病原的作用导致的母猪繁殖障碍综合征已严重影响到母猪的健康状况及其生产能力,给养猪业带来了重大损失,本文从引起母猪繁殖障碍综合征主要的形成原因及对应的临床症状入手,希望给养猪业的同行提供有益的参考。     

蜂针在传统医疗上的应用

将蜂疗应用在医学上,主要在补充传统医疗的不足。西医的治疗是属于急性的治疗,中医的治疗则属于慢性的疾病治疗,这两种治疗不外乎药物治疗。药物的应用虽然可使疾病程度降低,但也造成身体的负担,个人的体质不同,药物也有不同程度的代谢及滞留,因此近代西方医学提倡预防养生的自然疗法,蜂疗中的蜂针疗法利用中医的针灸法,循经取穴,依照不同的病情,选择穴位点进行螫刺,使蜂毒通过螫针从穴位进入体内,以达到治疗疾病的目的。蜂毒可增加免疫系统的能力,降低过敏因子的活动力,活化细胞,增加循环系统的代谢能力、改善体质,并有抗癌效果。因此蜂疗…     

猪圆环病毒病的诊断与防治对策

猪圆环病毒感染(PCI)是由猪圆环病毒(PCV)感染相关的以免疫抑制为特征的一类病毒性传染病.猪圆环病毒与其他病原体混合感染存在高度相关性;短时间内在世界范围广泛的传播;对猪存在广泛的高度易感性,对免疫器官的严重攻击,导致高度免疫抑制性;目前尚缺商品化的疫苗、有效的治疗药物和有效的控制能力,使养猪业蒙受惨重的经济损失,成为当前国内外对养猪业危害极大的病毒性传染病.探讨防制该病的有效措施,是当前国内外养猪业密切注视的热点.     

聊城大学校园灰喜鹊营巢特征调查

根据2005～2007年每年1次的聊城大学校园灰喜鹊巢址分布情况的调查结果,作者发现,近3 a来灰喜鹊巢的数量以每年15%的数量在增加;灰喜鹊选择杨树(毛白杨和银白杨)作为筑巢树种的比例高达82%,且筑巢的高度存在一定程度的下降.其中,以营巢树为中心,半径为10 m的样方内树的数量2～4株占71.8%.此外,生活区的巢的数量所占比例呈逐年增加趋势.这一研究结果对如何进行校园绿地的规划以及鸟类保护具有一定的指导作用.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.