Safety and efficacy of a new antimicrobial liposomal drug in raising broiler chicks

The effect of a liposomal form of the plant antimicrobial drug sanguirythrine on various indices of broiler chicks is studied. The drug is effective as an agent preventing the development of colibacillosis, normalizes metabolic indices, and improves meat quality. Original Russian Text ? E.A. Druz’, T.V. Kashnikova, A.V. Khmyrov, N.B. Fel’dman, S.V. Lutsenko, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 3, pp. 56–58.     

Aftereffect of heat shock on activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and lipid peroxidation in wheat leaves

The dynamics of development of oxidative stress and poststress recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus in leaves of 10-day-old wheat seedlings subjected to heat shock (40, 42, and 44°C) for 20 min and exposed to light for 72 h are studied. The effect of pretreatment temperature and light intensity on recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus and its resistance to photostress and repeated heat shock is examined. Original Russian Text ? V.D. Kreslavskii, V.Yu. Lyubimov, N.I. Shabnova, T.I. Balakhnina, E.D. Kuznetsov, A.A. Kosobryukhov, 2007, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2007, No. 4, pp. 5–8. Presented by V.S. Shevelukha, Academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences     

Deep chiseling of soil under irrigation conditions

The advantage of fall soil tillage by loosening with an experimental chisel implement to a depth of 40–42 cm compared with moldboard plowing with a share plow to a depth of 25–27 cm is shown. Original Russian Text ? V.I. Pyndak, V.F. Loboiko, V.N. Pavlenko, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 2, pp. 54–55.     

Promising technology for treating meat raw materials with low-frequency electromagnetic fields

The layout of a device for generating low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and block-diagram of a device for treating meat raw materials with EMFs with various types of modulation are given. Original Russian Text ? G.I. Kas’yanov, A.A. Zaporozhskii, M.G. Baryshev, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 3, pp. 60–63.     

Energy-saving onion harvesting technology

A set of machines for harvesting onions (bulbs and sets), including the OLL-1.4 machine for removing onion leaves and weed plants, KLN-1.4 pull-type mounted onion digger, and PPL-0.8 onion winddrow pickup, and their technical and mechanical indices are given. Original Russian Text ? N.P. Laryushin, A.M. Laryushin, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 1, pp. 55–56.     

Effect of synthetic prostaglandins on fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved ram sperm

An increase of the fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved ram sperm by enriching a synthetic diluent with a prolonged-action biologically active substance containing several prostaglandin species is established. Original Russian Text ? T.M. Epishina, 2009, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2009, No. 3, pp. 59–60.     

Agricultural nanotechnology based on variable coherence of acting radiation

It is established that coherence of light is a significant parameter of an equipment implement of agrotechnologies using monochromatic (quasi-monochromatic) radiation. Brief irradiation of apples with high-coherence light reduced fruit losses during storage and with low-coherence light intensifies fungal infection of fruits. The photostimulation effect is most expressed in cells whose size doesn’t exceed the length of field coherence. For most plants the given condition is realized at a width of the spectral line of quasi-monochromatic radiation less than 25 nm. Original Russian Text ? I.F. Borodin, A.V. Budagovskii, O.N. Budagovskaya, 2007, published in Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Sel’skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, 2007, No. 4, pp. 58–60.     

The trouble with authenticity: separating ideology from practice at the farmers’ market

Farmers’ markets have enjoyed a resurgence in the past two decades in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. This increase in popularity is attributed to a host of environmental, social, and economic factors, often related to the alleged benefits of local food, alternative farming, and producer–consumer interactions. Steeped in tradition, there are also widely held assumptions related to the type of food and food vendors that belong at a farmers’ market in addition to the type of experience that should take place. There remains a need to explore and analyze these fundamental aspects of the farmers’ market and to consider how they influence their formation and function. This paper argues that discourses of authenticity are central to the identity of the farmers’ market, and that they are constructed differently “from above” by those seeking to regulate farmers’ markets in particular jurisdictions and “from below” by managers, producers, and consumers at individual markets. A literature-based discussion is complemented and grounded by consideration of institutional statements regarding authenticity and of key results from a survey of managers, food vendors, and customers at 15 farmers’ markets in Ontario, Canada. It is demonstrated that while the general discourse about authenticity at the farmers’ market is built around strict, almost ideological assumptions about the presence of “local food” and those who produce it, community-level responses reflect considerable diversity in the interpretation and composition of the farmers’ market. It is suggested that a binary view of authenticity, where some farmers’ markets are cast as “real” and others presumably not, is highly problematic as it tends to ignore a large and important middle ground with multiple identities.     

美国抗线虫葡萄砧木新品种9365-43

葡萄砧木新品种9365-43是由L514-10与V.champinii c9038杂交获得,对根结线虫、剑线虫、柑桔根线虫和根腐线虫具有良好的抗性,同时具有抗葡萄根瘤蚜的特性,生根能力强,嫁接亲和力高,雌能花,是一个非常优良的砧木新品种,2009年获得美国专利（专利编号： US PP20051 P2）,具有广阔的应用前景。     

The visibility of women’s work for poverty reduction: implications from non-crop agricultural income-generating programs in Bangladesh

This article explores mechanisms for making poor rural women’s work visible by drawing on Amartya Sen’s intra-family “cooperative conflict” theory to explain the workings of two Bangladesh non-governmental organization’s income-generating programs (rearing poultry and rearing silkworms). On the assumption that cooperation surpasses conflict in the intra-family relations when women’s work is visible, the article identifies factors that influence intra-family conflict and cooperation. At entry, cooperation in a family depends on how successfully the family can make women’s income-generating activities compatible with their existing household responsibilities and with continuation of the male breadwinner’s income source. In women’s continuing work, the level of cooperation depends greatly on the amount and frequency of women’s income and the family’s level of indebtedness. Families with a male breadwinner having a regular income source tended to offer a more cooperative environment to women’s work than those with a breadwinner involved in casual labor. Women’s work as a second regular income source can make their work more visible and contribute to their families’ upward mobility.     

The long hangover from the second food regime: a world-historical interpretation of the collapse of the WTO Doha Round

A benchmark question in contemporary food regimes scholarship is how to theorize agriculture’s incorporation into the WTO. For the most part, it has been theorized as an institutional mechanism that facilitates the ushering in of a new, so-called ‘third food regime’, in which food–society relations are governed by the overarching politics of the market. The collapse of the Doha Round negotiations in July 2008 makes it possible, for the first time, to offer a conclusive assessment as to whether this is the case. Using a broadly conceived world-historical framework, this article contends that the WTO is more appropriately theorized as a carryover from the politics of the crisis of the second food regime, rather than representing any putative successor. The Doha Round’s collapse in Geneva in July 2008 should put an end to speculation of a WTO-led transformation of global food politics towards unfettered market rule; the supposed basis for a neo-liberalized ‘third food regime’. Consequently, it is through analysis of the factors that framed the Doha Round’s collapse, rather than in the WTO itself, that provide insights into the defining elements of a new global politics of food.     

Breaking new ground in food regime theory: corporate environmentalism,ecological feedbacks and the ‘food from somewhere’ regime?

Early food regimes literature tended to concentrate on the global scale analysis of implicitly negative trends in global food relations. In recent years, early food regimes authors like Harriet Friedmann and Philip McMichael have begun to consider the sites of resistance, difference and opportunity that have been emerging around, and into contestation with, new food regime relations. This paper examines the emerging global-scale governance mechanism of environmental food auditing—particularly those being promoted by supermarkets and other large food retailers—as an important new dynamic in our understanding of the politics and potentials of food regimes. Commencing with an examination of Friedmann’s corporate environmental food regime, two key dynamics are identified as being pivotal in the rise and decline of global-scale regimes: securing social legitimacy for food relations and the importance of ecological dynamics in global food relations. By extending McMichael’s notion of ‘Food from Nowhere’ versus ‘Food from Somewhere’, the paper interrogates the emergence of a cluster of relations that comprise ‘Food from Somewhere’ and examines whether this cluster of relations has the potential to change some of the constituent ecological dynamics of food regimes. These ecological dynamics have historically been problematic, amply demonstrating Marx’s metabolic rift as the early food regimes solidified relationships between ‘ecologies at a distance’. By using socio-ecological resilience theory, ‘Food from Somewhere’ is characterized as having denser ecological feedbacks and a more complex information flow in comparison to the invisibility and distanciation characterizing earlier regimes as well as contemporary ‘Food from Nowhere’. The conclusion of this article is that while ‘Food from Somewhere’ does provide one site of opportunity for changing some key food relations and ecologies, the social legitimacy of this new form of food relations does rely on the ongoing existence of the opposite, more regressive, pole of world food relations. The key question for resolving this tension appears to be whether new food relations can open up spaces for future, more ecologically connected, global-scale food relations.     

抗病高产转基因抗虫棉豫068的选育

转基因抗虫棉豫068是河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所以R613为母本、中棉所41优良品系为父本,通过杂交系谱法选育而成的。2009-2010年在河南省棉花品种区域试验中,皮棉平均产量1 506.0kg/hm2,比对照鲁棉研28增产7.3%。2011年在河南省棉花品种生产试验中,皮棉平均产量1 297.7kg/hm2,比对照鲁棉研28增产5.8%。枯萎病和黄萎病病情指数分别为4.6和28.0,对棉铃虫抗性达到2级水平。该品种于2012年通过河南省品种审定委员会审定,适宜在黄河流域种植。     

苹果属植物过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱的研究

根据对苹果属植物叶片过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱研究的结果，分析了Ｒｅｈｄｅｒ Ａ．和ＬａｎｇｅｎｆｅｌｄｓＶ对世界苹果属植物分类系统的准确性，权衡了世界个苹果属植物在分类学上的地位，包括ＲｅｈｄｅｒＡ．１９４３年确定的２５个种，俞德浚１９５６年增加的１０个种和ＬａｎｇｅｎｆｅｌｄｓＶ．１９９１及其他作者近年所补充的种和变种。     

Acquirement of a new male sterile germplasm of Chinese jujube

A male sterile germplasm of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), named ‘male sterile No.1’ (JMS1), was firstly identified from a natural population through studies of pollen amount and vitality and its anatomy. Its microspores got massed and then disaggregated after the tetrad stage during pollen development. Then its anthers became empty, or only pollen vestiges remained in the yellow buds. The pollen became abortive after the tetrad stage. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of tapetum at the tetrad stage were related to pollen abortion. In view of its moderate embryo fertility, big fruit-size and early maturing, ‘JMS1’ could be used as a worthwhile female parent in the cross breeding of Chinese jujube. __________ Translated from Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2006, 33(2): 374–377 [译自: 园艺学报]     

Estimating the demand and willingness-to-pay for cotton yield monitors

Survey data from cotton farmers in six southeastern states of the USA were used to estimate the demand and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for either retrofitting yield monitors onto cotton pickers or to purchase a yield monitor as an option with a new cotton picker. ‘Don’t know’ responses were either omitted, combined with ‘no’ responses or included as a separate category for comparing WTP and estimates of the price elasticity of demand. Our results suggest that treating the ‘don’t know’ response as a separate category provides WTP estimates that are more consistent with expectations than the other approaches. The estimated price elasticities and demand curves indicate that previous users of precision technology are more responsive to changes in price of cotton yield monitors and would be more likely to adopt them when the price decreases. These demand and WTP estimates provide important information that can be used by those who sell cotton yield monitors, as well as policy-makers who may wish to subsidize this technology. Referendum contingent valuation was useful for evaluating the demand for any new technology.     

The effect of feeding on increasing milk production potential and comparing fattening performance of Astara and Talesh Zebu’s calves

Most of the Iranian native cows are multipurpose. Some of the cows are either milk animals (Sarabi) or exclusive meat animals (Sistani). Most of Iranian native cows have small size and are adapted to unfavorable environment and are resistant against parasites and other diseases. In Astara, meat and milk production of native cows is very low. There are two kinds of native cows: Humped Zebus (50–60%) and Taleshi Zebus (25–30%). Increasing the nutrients with the ration of Taleshi kind resulted in 56.3% increase in production, 8.5% increase in live weight and 18.3% increase in lactation respectively. The corresponding figures in the Astsra’s native Zebu’s were 40.8, 11.9 and 8.2%, respectively. For the Taleshi and Astara zebu’s breeds, correlation coefficient between milk production and live weight of the lactation period was 0.485 and 0.566, respectively. These figures after 30% increase in nutrients in ration amounted to 0.547 and 0.586, respectively. In the same ration, for the Taleshi (A) and Astara (B) calves weight gain amounted to 300–320 g, and 280–300 g, respectively. During the feeding period, the amount of fodder units (F.U.) for every 1 kg Increase of live weight was 9.66 for Taleshi kind (A) and 10.5 for Astara kind (B).     

Jefferson’s moral agrarianism: poetic fiction or normative vision?

Scholars today are divided on the motivation behind what is often called Jefferson’s “moral agrarianism”. On the one hand, some scholars take Jefferson at his word when he mentions that agrarianism is a moral vision. For these individuals, Jefferson’s agrarianism is a moral vision and an indispensible part of the good life. On the other hand, other scholars maintain that Jefferson’s moral agrarianism is merely a bit of propaganda that insidiously sheaths a political or economic ideal. For them, Jefferson is through and throughout a politician, and expressions of agrarianism as a moral ideal amount to mere cant. In this paper, I examine arguments for and against Jefferson’s moral agrarianism. I defend the position that Jefferson was an aboveboard moral agrarianist and that the ideal of agrarianism was not just one that was suited for Americans, given their surfeit of land and want of laborers, but an ideal that also applied universally. I end with thoughts on Jefferson’s recognition of the rise of manufacturing in American cities throughout his life.     

Delineating productivity zones in a citrus grove using citrus production,tree growth and temporally stable soil data

The productivity of a citrus grove with variation in tree growth was mapped to delineate zones of productivity based on several indicator properties. These properties were fruit yield, ultrasonically measured tree canopy volume, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), elevation and apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a). The spatial patterns of soil series, soil color and EC_a, and their correspondence with the variation in yield emphasized the importance of variation in the soil in differentiating the productivity of the grove. Citrus fruit yield was positively correlated with canopy volume, NDVI and EC_a, and yield was negatively correlated with elevation. Although all the properties were strongly correlated with yield and were able to explain the productivity of the grove, citrus tree canopy volume was most strongly correlated (r = 0.85) with yield, explaining 73% of its variation. Tree canopy volume was used to classify the citrus grove into five productivity zones termed as ‘very poor’, ‘poor’, ‘medium’, ‘good’ and ‘very good’ zones. The study showed that productivity of citrus groves can be mapped using various attributes that directly or indirectly affect citrus production. The productivity zones identified could be used successfully to plan soil sampling and characterize soil variation in new fields.