绿色畜禽产品生产与饲料添加剂应用技术

１生产绿色畜产品的饲料添加剂使用准则我国尚未颁布生产绿色畜产品的饲料和饲料添加剂标准，以下为建议的饲料添加剂使用准则。绿色畜产品的生产首先以加强饲养管理为主。按照饲养标准配制配合饲料，做到营养全面平衡，所使用的饲料、饲料添加剂必须符合《饲料卫生标准》、各种饲料质量标准、饲料添加剂标准和《饲料标签》的有关规定。所用饲料添加剂和添加剂预混料必须来自于有生产许可证的企业，并且具有生产批准文号、进口饲料和饲料添加剂产品登记证。同时还应遵守以下准则：１．１所选饲料添加剂必须是《允许使用的饲料添加剂品种目录…     

从我国中草药饲料添加剂发展方向看饲料安全

几十年来,随着我国畜牧业的飞速发展,饲料添加剂的研究和应用日益广泛,很好地促进了我国畜牧业的进步、满足国人对畜禽食品的需求,但传统添加剂大规模应用的同时也带来了一系列问题。由于大多数添加剂属于化学合成类的药物,如抗生素药物、激素类药物等,在提高畜禽产量和质量的同时,也出现了畜禽产品药残量增加,直接或间接地危害着人类的生命健康。     

中草药饲料添加剂研究发展方向浅论

中草药是我国特有的中医药理论与实践的产物,其资源丰富、历史悠久,并以其不易产生耐药性、无残留、毒副作用小、功能全面等优点,己成为国内外饲料添加剂研究的热点,是具有中国特色的绿色饲料添加剂。因此,中草药饲料添加剂的研制开发,对于发展绿色畜牧业、保证人类的身体健康、促进畜产品的出口创汇,具有重要的经济效益和社会效益。     

中草药饲料添加剂在甘肃省平凉市畜牧业发展中的应用前景

通过对甘肃省平凉市畜牧业发展的现状、存在问题、中草药饲料添加剂发展历史和优势、发展中草药饲料添加剂的前景4个方面的阐述,旨在让平凉市的动物养殖人员更加了解中草药这种纯天然的饲料添加剂,并将其应用于生产实践中,为平凉市的畜牧业健康发展提供绿色饲料产品。     

部分中草药饲料添加剂的效果

一、猪 1.在肥育猪配合饲料中添加2％的艾,实验组比对照组采食量减少3.8％,体重增加9.6％,饲料利用增加12.1％。 2.在妊娠母猪饲料中添加3％的一年艾,从产前3～5天到产后45天给予,其仔猪从10日龄给予颗粒饲料,让其自由采食。结果,仔猪死亡率和白痢发生率下降,体重迅速增加。     

中草药饲料添加剂的应用

中草药是我国特有的产物,其资源丰富、历史悠久。中草药免疫活性物质能增强机体免疫机能,提高动物抗应激、抗疾病能力,改善动物生产性能,并且具有无残留、不宜产生耐药性等优点。中草药添加剂,大多来自天然植物,不仅能确保畜禽健康,而且无污染,可解决长期困扰畜牧业发展的抗生素残留问题,提高生产率,减少畜牧业对环境的污染,发展绿色畜牧业,以满足人民对食品安全的需求,从而缩小我国畜牧业与发达国家的差距,增强我国畜产品在国际市场的竞争力,减少加入WTO对我国畜牧     

可以作为畜禽饲料添加剂的中草药

随着畜牧业和饲料工业的发展,饲料添加剂的使用日渐广泛。但是,如果不合理或无节制地滥用添加剂,会带来一些问题、麻烦甚至造成损失,特别是抗生索类、磺胺类或毒性较强的化学药品饲料添加剂,如果滥用,不仅能产生耐药性或抗药性问题,而且可使病原微生物变异或转移。例如为控制雏白痢的发生而较大量地、常期的使用抗生素或磺胺类药物作为饲料添加     

应用中草药饲料添加剂生产绿色畜禽产品促进出口贸易发展

应用中草药添加剂验方防治疫病，替代和减少化学药品，抗生素用量，生产无公害“绿色畜禽产品”，是当前扩大畜产品出口，提高产品质量的迫切需要。以不同的使用方法和配方用于饲养，提高机体抵抗力，促进生长，减少了药残弊端，起到了“标本兼治”的效果。值得推广。     

无公害饲料添加剂在家禽生产中的应用

简要介绍了无公害饲料添加剂概况及发展趋势,并分别阐述了中草药饲料添加剂、益生素、酶制剂和寡糖4种无公害饲料添加剂在家禽生产中的应用研究进展等。     

畜禽绿色饲料添加剂的研究与应用

本文综述了绿色饲料添加剂的分类、特性、使用意义、作用机理以及在畜禽中的应用，并提出了存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

绿色饲料添加剂的研究与应用

本文对几种新型的绿色饲料添加剂的概念，特性，作用及其在畜禽生产中的实际应用进行了综述。     

中草药添加剂对小尾寒羊饲料转化率及养分消化率的影响

选取中草药数味分别炮制粉碎,按一定比例混合均匀制成添加剂,然后分别按0．5％、1．0％、1．5％、2．0％添加到小尾寒羊的精料中．以研究不同水平的中草药饲料添加剂对小尾寒羊饲料转化率、养分消化率的影响。结果表明,0．5％、1．0％、1．5％、2．0％剂量的中草药添加组的饲料转化率、养分消化率均高于对照组。其中。1．5％的添加量效果最好．饲料转化率和养分消化率同对照组均差异显著（P〈0．05）。可提高饲料报酬、降低成本,从而提高经济效益。     

农区种草养畜是转变草食畜禽饲养方式的必由之路

草是草食畜禽赖以生存的物质基础,是最廉价的饲料资源。优质牧草更是草食畜禽所需粮食的最佳代用品。草可通过畜体转化为肉、蛋、奶、皮、毛等人们生活中所需的营养和生活物质。在中国农业现代化建设中,随着农业结构调整和食草节粮型畜牧业的发展趋势,农区种草养畜这个话题倍受人们关注。特别是在建设社会主义新农村的今天,大力开发草地资源,走种草养畜之路,是转变草食畜禽饲养方式的重要措施。笔者多年来从事草原建设与管理工作,对农区种草养畜过程中需要重视和解决的问题浅析如下。     

大力研发中兽药及中兽药饲料添加剂是我国发展兽药的重要领域

中兽药（中草药）是我国劳动人民与畜禽疾病作斗争中,创立的应用天然药物防治动物疾病和动物保健的综合性兽医药学,具有功能作用广泛、双向调节、副作用少、残留低、无耐药性等优点,且资源广泛、易种易收、制作简便,成本低廉、效果持久等特点,是我国传统医学文化遗产的瑰宝.在我国的经济进入了新的发展时期,特别是我国加入WTO,兽药实施GMP管理以后,国内外的药物,尤其是食品性动物药品,转向发展低毒、无残留、高效药物.这正是中兽药所具备的优势.因此中兽药的发展正面临着一个前所未有的大好时机,大力研究开发中兽药及中兽药的饲料添加剂是提高我国兽药产品在国际上竞争力的重要途径,也是我国兽药产业发展的重要领域.……     

从日本政府最新的饲料添加剂名录看我国出口肉鸡的用药政策

“两病”和药残,已成为我国出口肉鸡的两大技术障碍。这两大屏障几乎把所有的肉鸡出口企业逼到了进退维谷、举步维艰的境地。为了促进对外贸易,并保证出口不出问题,有关部门出台了一些用药规则,严格禁止杆菌肽锌、维吉尼霉素、泰乐菌素以及磺胺喹恶啉用于出口肉鸡和肉鸡饲料。也禁止出日肉鸡使用尼卡巴嗪和氨丙啉。然而,看看中国鸡肉的最大买主——日本,在其国内     

Selection and characterization of broad‐spectrum antibacterial substance‐producing Lactobacillus curvatus PA40 as a potential probiotic for feed additives

Lactic acid bacteria were screened for potential probiotics for use as feed additives. We obtained 3,000 isolates from feces of: cattle, dogs, goats, and infants; milk; yogurt; cheese; fermented sausages; Kimchi; and Cheonggukjang and tested their antibacterial activity toward indicator pathogens, including Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica Enteritidis. We further tested their tolerance to artificial gastric juice (1% [w/v] pepsin, pH 2.5) and bile acid (0.1% [w/v] oxgall, pH 6.8). Six isolates exhibited strong antibacterial activity against indicator pathogens. The PA40 isolate from Kimchi exhibited marked resistance to artificial gastric juice and bile acid. The antibacterial substances produced by PA40 were stable to heat, pH, and enzymes. Strain PA40 was identified as a Lactobacillus curvatus strain using chemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing and produced 248.4 mmol/L lactic acid after 48 hr of fermentative growth. The L. curvatus PA40 strain was also highly tolerant of the artificial gastrointestinal model system. Our results indicate that L. curvatus PA40 could be used as a potential probiotic feed additive.     

指纹图谱分析技术应用于中药添加剂质量控制的方法与展望

我国将中药应用于养殖业中，作为防病治病，促进生长的饲料添加剂已有近二十年历史，并取得了很好的效果，但对中草药添加剂的质量控制一直是薄弱环节。本文介绍了近年来在人用中药质量控制中迅速发展的中药指纹分析技术，并对将其应用于中草药饲料添加剂的质量控制的可能性及今后的发展前景作了初步分析。     

Treadmill exercise is not an effective methodology for producing the dark-cutting condition in young cattle

Holstein steer calves (n = 25) were used to evaluate the effects of treadmill exercise (TME) on blood metabolite status and formation of dark-cutting beef. Calves were blocked by BW (156 +/- 33.2 kg) and assigned randomly within blocks to 1 of 5 TME treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design (4 or 8 km/h for a duration of 10 or 15 min) with a nonexercised control. Venous blood was collected via indwelling jugular catheters at 10, 2, and 0 min before TME and at 2-min intervals during exercise. Nonexercised steers were placed on the treadmill but stood still for 15 min. Serum cortisol levels, as well as plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and NEFA, were similar (P > 0.05) before TME. Serum cortisol concentrations were unaffected (P > 0.05) during the first 6 min of TME, but between 8 and 15 min of TME, cortisol concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in steers exercised at 8 km/h than those exercised at 4 km/h or controls (speed x time, P < 0.001). Although TME did not affect (P > 0.05) plasma glucose levels, plasma lactate concentrations in steers exercised at 8 km/h increased (P < 0.05) sharply with the onset of the TME treatment and remained elevated compared with steers exercised at 4 km/h or unexercised controls (speed x time, P < 0.001). Exercised steers had the lowest (P < 0.05) plasma NEFA concentrations during the first 6 min of TME compared with unexercised steers; however, NEFA concentrations were similar after 10 and 12 min of TME, and by the end of TME, steers exercised at 8 km/h had greater (P < 0.05) NEFA levels than nonexercised controls or steers exercised at 4 km/h (speed x time, P < 0.001). Even though muscle glycogen levels and pH decreased (P < 0.001) and muscle lactate concentrations increased (P < 0.001) with increasing time postmortem, neither treadmill speed nor TME duration altered postmortem LM metabolism. Consequently, there were no (P > 0.05) differences in the color, water-holding capacity, shear force, or incidences of dark-cutting carcasses associated with preslaughter TME. It is apparent that preslaughter TME, at the speeds and durations employed in this study, failed to alter antemortem or postmortem muscle metabolism and would not be a suitable animal model for studying the formation of the dark-cutting condition in ruminants.     

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen S Gene is an Effective Carrier Molecule for Developing GnRH DNA Immunocastration Vaccine in Mice

Relatively molecular mass of GnRH antigens is small and hence needs to couple to a large carrier molecule to enhance its immunogenicity. This study investigated whether hepatitis B surface antigen S (HBsAg‐S) gene can be used as an effective carrier molecule for developing GnRH DNA immunocastration vaccine. Two copies of human GnRH gene were fused with HBsAg‐S gene for constructing a recombinant plasmid pVAX‐HBsAg‐S‐2GnRH that coded for 27 kDa target fusion protein. Ten male mice were divided into two equal groups, treatment and control. The vaccine (50 μg/mice) prepared in saline solution was injected into male mice at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 7 of the experiment. Vaccine's efficacy was evaluated in terms of GnRH‐specific IgG antibody response, plasma testosterone levels, testicular weight and extent of the testicular tissue damage. The specific anti‐GnRH antibody titre in vaccinated animals was significantly higher than in controls in only 4th week of immunization (p < 0.05). In addition, vaccinated animals showed lower testicular weight than those of the controls (p < 0.05). Spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules in vaccinated animals was suppressed. In conclusion, in this study, the engineered plasmid to be used as a GnRH DNA vaccine induced antibody response and suppressed spermatogenesis in mice. This suggests that HBsAg‐S gene can be an effective carrier molecule for developing GnRH DNA immunocastration vaccine when relatively molecular mass of the aimed antigens is small.