施肥对板栗产量的影响

迁西县栽植板栗面积达２．８万ｈｍ２，计１２２０万株。占全国板栗栽植面积的１／１０，年产量占１／８，是京东板栗的主要产区，在国际市场上享有很高的声誉。但是，板栗产量较低。随着市场经济的发展，板栗生产远不能满足国内外市场的需求。经调查分析得知，栽植板栗的...     

不同施肥配方对板栗产量影响的试验

三年的施肥试验说明,实生板栗成年林施用尿素 过磷酸钙 草木灰、尿素 钙镁磷肥,复合肥 草木灰 硼的三种处理,增产平均在45%以上,投入与增益之比为1:4.47～1:9.85,每年每亩纯增益80.8～207元。     

施肥对油桐产量的影响调查

经过4年的观察记载和统计分析,在10种施肥处理中筛选出了年株施碳酸氢铵1000g,分3、6、11月3次施完,结合冬垦株加施磷肥500g视为最佳设计,其次是年株施碳酸氢铵500g,同样时期分3次,冬垦株加施磷肥500g,效果极佳,达到了投资少、效益高的目的,此两种处理可在生产中大力推广,在油桐林的科学管理、丰产栽培技术措施制定时,具有可靠的参考价值。     

油茶施肥模式对产量的影响及效益选择

油茶施肥模式对产量的影响及效益选择黄崇熙，张津平，肖国民，郑昭宇（江西省宜春地区林业科学研究所，宜春，３３６０００）在油茶综合经营管理中，合理施肥是不可少的一项措施，但如何组合，施用效果和效益最好，我们对此进行了为期５年的研究。１材料与方法试验地设在...     

不同调节剂及施肥处理对水稻产量影响的初步分析

选用三个不同施肥处理和五种不同调节剂对牡粘３号水稻进行测试，在喷施后进行田间调查和室内考种，讨论了水稻各时期营养吸收量的多少对水稻分蘖和产量的影响。从试验结果分析得出，施肥处理上，田间追肥产量最高；调节剂方面，神农最好，汪平酸次之。综合来看，化肥的作用还是重要的。     

不同施肥水平对核桃产量和品质的影响

由于核桃产量品质与树体生长情况及土壤养分具有很高的相关性,土壤肥料的选择与施用往往决定着树体的长势以及果实的品质.试验选用桥介酶肥料,研究了不同施肥水平(70％ 施肥量、100％ 施肥量)在主干形核桃园、盛果期核桃园和初结果期核桃园中对核桃外观和内在品质指标的影响.结果表明:盛果期核桃园在施用100％ 桥介酶肥后,核壳...     

猴耳环苗木的结瘤、生物产量和养分化学计量特征对施肥的响应

为探明猴耳环苗期的合理施肥措施及编制其人工林栽培的标准操作规程(SOP)提供理论依据,本研究采用L₉(3³)正交设计开展了N、P、K 3种肥料不同配比的苗期施肥试验,测定了苗木结瘤、生物产量与化学计量特征对施肥的响应,并用N-P-K限制因子三轴图确定苗木生长的限制因子。结果表明,不同配比施肥对9个月生苗木的结瘤数量和鲜重没有显著影响,但对生物产量影响显著,N∶P∶K=20∶20∶0配比苗木的生物产量显著高于其他配比,增加N肥可显著提高苗木的生物产量。N、P、K化学计量关系分析表明N是猴耳环苗木生长的限制因子,苗期施加适量的N肥对苗木发育有益。     

施肥管理对马尾松球果产量的影响

对马尾松种子园进行12种施肥管理试验表明:不同的施肥管理措施对马尾松球果产量产生显著差异,合理施肥可以提高马尾松球果产量和种子品质。     

定植密度和施肥种类对蕨菜生长及产量的影响

蕨菜[Ｐｔｅｒｄｉｕｍａｑｕｉｌｉｎｕｍ(Ｌ.)Ｋｕｈｎ]是野生于天然林区的一种蕨科蕨属多年生宿根性草本植物,因其幼嫩茎叶富含多种对人体有益的维生素、胡萝卜素和铁锌等微量元素,自古以来被人们视为山珍采摘食用。近年来,随着人民生活的改善和对外贸易的扩大,蕨菜又成为内销外贸的抢手货,并且需求量不断增加。由此导致了对野生蕨菜连年过量采摘,加之人畜践踏破坏,资源锐减,产量下降,再完全依赖自然生产已越来越不能满足需求。为此,国内外近年开展了有关蕨菜原生地人工驯化栽培工作(齐乐贤,1991;吴会胄等,1994),但蕨菜人工异地栽培的报…     

微量元素施肥效应对柿产量的影响

为了探寻柿树优质高效的栽培方法,就不同施用方法、不同形态和不同含量的化肥对柿产量的影响进行了试验.结果表明:增施氮、磷、钾肥是提高柿坐果率和单果质量的一种关键措施;施肥的三个关键时期为4月中旬至6月中旬、7月中下旬和秋季;对树体喷肥可有效提高柿产量,喷施的肥料以0.3%的磷酸二氢钾+0.3%的尿素为最佳.     

Human Influence on Banj Oak (Quercus leucotrichophora,A. Camus) Forests of Central Himalaya

The present study suggests that the impact of human-induced small-scale disturbances (lopping of branches and leaf litter removal) adversely impacts the functioning of banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora, A. Camus) forests of Central Himalaya. Significantly higher (p < .001) biomass stocks, carbon sequestration rates, soil carbon, leaf area index (LAI), litter fall, and faster litter decomposition rates were observed in least human influenced (LHI) forests as compared to moderately human influenced (MHI) forests and highly human influenced (HHI) forests. Three replicate forest stands of each category were selected for the observation. The study is used as a background to suggest alternative strategies to conserve the forests, taking into account the social and economic concerns of the village community.     

吹绵蚧对香樟的危害及防治初报

吹绵蚧在遵义市主要危害香樟等多种园林绿化树木和花卉,以各种虫态在着生部位越冬,一年发生3代。成虫及若虫以针状口器刺吸植物汁液,并在生长发育过程中不断分泌蜜露,诱发煤污病,从而加速树势衰弱,严重者使整株枯死。用40%氧化乐果1000倍液防治吹绵蚧,其校正死亡率可达91.0%。     

竹卵圆蝽生物学特性及其天敌种类调查研究

通过调研，基本摸清了竹卵圆蝽的生物学特性和天敌种类。该虫在湖南省1年发生1代，3月中旬，越冬若虫爬行上竹群集竹秆、竹枝取食毛竹汁液；5月中旬羽化成虫；6月中下旬开始交尾产卵；11月中旬以2～4龄若虫下至地面笋壳、枯枝落叶层下越冬。该虫天敌种类较多，其中卵期有5种寄生蜂。     

樟树溃疡病原菌生物学特性及室内毒力测定

为明确福建省樟树溃疡病病菌JY-5(Neofusicoccum parvum)的生物学特性,筛选有效的化学杀菌剂,测定了病原菌的生物学特性,并进行了12种化学杀菌剂对病原菌的毒力以及室内盆栽药效试验。研究结果表明,JY-5菌株在PDA培养基上生长最旺盛,孢子萌发率最高,其次是PSA,且两者之间无显著性差异。最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨和牛肉浸膏,最适pH值为6~8,最适温度为30℃,致死温度为50℃,最适光照条件为全光照培养。分生孢子萌发需要高湿度条件,在水滴中6 h萌发率达到89.33%。毒力测定结果显示,菌落抑制效果最好的为精甲·咯菌腈(EC90=0.129 mg·L^-1),其次是戊唑醇(EC90=0.151 mg·L^-1)、氟硅唑(EC90=0.176 mg·L^-1),效果最差的药剂为啶酰菌胺(EC90=55309.942 mg·L^-1)。盆栽药效试验结果显示,相同的药剂预防作用明显大于治疗作用,且随着药剂浓度的提高而增加。精甲·咯菌腈(400 mg·L^-1)的保护和治疗效果为最佳,抑制率分别为92.44%和87.50%。     

Foliar delta(13)C and delta(18)O reveal differential physiological responses of canopy foliage to pre-planting weed control in a young spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora subsp. Variegata) plantation

Weed control may improve the growth of forest plantations by influencing soil water and nutrient availability, but our knowledge of leaf-level physiological responses to weed control at different within-canopy positions is limited for tropical and subtropical plantations. Foliar carbon (delta(13)C) and oxygen (delta(18)O) isotope compositions, gas exchange, and nitrogen (N(mass)) and phosphorus (P(mass)) concentrations at four canopy positions were assessed in a young spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora subsp. Variegata (F. Muell.) A.R. Bean & M.W. McDonald) plantation subjected to either weed control or no weed control treatment, to test if leaves at different positions within the tree canopy had the same physiological responses to the weed control treatment. Weed control increased foliar delta(13)C but lowered delta(18)O in the upper-outer and upper-inner canopy, indicating that weed control resulted in a higher foliar photosynthetic capacity at upper-canopy positions, a conclusion confirmed by gas exchange measurements. The increased photosynthetic capacity resulting from weed control can be explained by an increase in foliar N(mass). In the lower-outer canopy, weed control reduced foliar delta(13)C while lowering delta(18)O even more than in the upper-canopy, suggesting strong enhancement of the partial pressure of CO(2) in the leaf intercellular spaces and of foliar stomatal conductance in lower-canopy foliage. This conclusion was supported by gas exchange measurements. Foliar photosynthesis in the lower-inner canopy showed no significant response to weed control. The finding that leaves at different canopy positions differ in their physiological responses to weed control highlights the need to consider the canopy position effect when examining competition for soil nutrient and water resources between weeds and trees.     

黄藤花粉低温贮藏初探

研究了贮藏温度、真空与常压以及化冻方式对黄藤花粉低温贮藏后生活力的影响.结果表明:贮藏天数增加,黄藤花粉生活力下降;贮藏温度越低,花粉生活力下降越缓慢;常温、0、-5、-20℃下真空贮藏比常压贮藏效果好,但-30℃和-40℃条件下两者间不存在显著差异;40℃水浴化冻与室温下缓慢复苏两者间没有显著差异.     

漆树营养液对漆树生长与生漆产量的影响

为寻求生漆增产措施,笔者用专门配制的含磷、钾、硼、铜、镁等矿质元素和生长调节物质的＂漆树营养液＂对毛坝漆树进行喷施处理,观察处理组与对照组漆树生长发育情况并测定其平均单株产漆量。试验结果表明：①处理组较对照组漆树生长茂盛,树皮增厚,漆树落叶时间延长半个月左右;②＂漆树营养液＂对漆树的生长发育无毒副作用;③＂漆树营养液＂...     

狼毒大戟人工栽培及其生物农药开发

通过近4 a的科学研究,我们对大兴安岭有毒植物的优势种———狼毒大戟的生物学、生态学特性和人工栽培技术进行了充分的研究,获得了成功,同时采用二氧化碳超临界提取和溶剂处理、离心喷雾2种方法提取了杀虫有效成分,并经过室内和田间杀虫试验取得了90%和65%的杀虫效果。     

Variation in seed and seedling traits among natural populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonobalanus doichangensis</Emphasis> (A. Camus) Forman (Fagaceae), a rare and endangered plant in southwest China

The extent of genetic variation in seed and seedling traits of Trigonobalanus doichangensis, a rare and endangered tree in southwest China, was evaluated at the population level. Seeds were collected from four natural populations in the south and southwest Yunnan province, China. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between populations were observed in seed length, seed weight and seedling morphological characters. The analyses revealed that none of the seed and seedling traits had significant correlations with the geo-climatic variables of the populations. Among seed and seedling traits, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were discovered among seed length, seed weight and height of 30-day-old seedlings. Significant correlation (r = 1.00, P < 0.01) occurred also between the height and root collar diameter of 4-year-old seedlings. With the exception of seed width and seed germination percentage, 51–96% of total variation in other seed and seedling related traits was attributed to population effect, as determined by the broad sense heritability. In conclusion, these observations on variation in seed and seedling traits should be a reference point, when considering seed collection of this species for ex situ conservation and species restoration.