兽医硕士专业学位研究生开展重大动物疫情防控应急处置模拟演练的探索与体会

为适应当前重大动物疫情防控工作需要,探索应用型、复合型兽医硕士专业学位研究生人才培养方式,更好适应快速发展的畜牧业对重大动物疫情防控提出的新要求。2021年,对全日制兽医硕士专业学位研究生开展了重大动物疫情防控应急处置模拟演练。以假定校实验教学基地养猪场发生非洲猪瘟为案例,研究生根据各自承担的角色,模拟实景场地开展重大动物疫情防控应急处置模拟演练。通过模拟场景实地演练,研究生掌握了重大动物疫情处置基本流程,提高了重大动物疫情应急处置能力,模拟演练取得满意效果。本文为全日制兽医硕士专业学位研究生实践能力培养提供了参考。     

Emergency avian surgery.

Avian surgery is an exercise of preparedness; this statement is never so true as in emergency and critical care situations. The techniques used in avian surgery are significantly different from those used in larger species and require microsurgical techniques. Before initiating a surgical procedure, the patient must be evaluated and, in many cases, prepared or preconditioned. Rarely is surgery such an emergency that the prognosis would not be improved by readying the patient. Techniques of tissue handling, approaches to the coelomic cavities and a select number of surgical procedures are described.     

Emergency vascular access.

Establishing and maintaining vascular access is often vital to the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of the small animal emergency surgical patient. Vascular access may be used for the delivery of crystalloids, colloids, blood components, medications, and anesthetic or sedative agents. It can also facilitate venous and arterial blood sampling and allow direct measurement of arterial and venous pressures. The small animal emergency and critical care veterinarian should have a thorough knowledge of vascular access techniques, including peripheral and central venous catheterization, intraosseous, and arterial access. Competence in percutaneous, percutaneous facilitative, and surgical cutdown approaches should ensure that vascular access can always be established in the critically ill patient.     

Emergency approach to intoxications

Many compounds, when absorbed or ingested, can cause harm to animals and people. Veterinarians are commonly faced with companion animals that have been exposed to these harmful compounds. Most poisonings are the result of curious exploration by the pet and a quest to taste everything in their path. Some poisonings are the result of malice, and many simply result from owner ignorance when pets are given medications without regard to dose or compatibility. It is the responsibility of the emergency clinician encountering these cases to prevent further exposure to the poison, enhance its elimination, and provide supportive and antidotal care. Antidotes when available are of little value if the animal has lost any vital functions. It is the purpose of this article to focus on the emergency management of intoxications by reviewing the general principles of triage and emergency care, and to discuss available procedures to stop the exposure, prevent further absorption, and hasten elimination of poisons from the patients body.