Autosomal linkage between the albumin and Gc loci in humans

Naskapi and Montagnais families segregating for albumin Naskapi give evidence for close linkage of the Gc and albumin loci with a high probability. One possible case of crossover is included in the data.     

猪Reg4剪切体Reg4v1和Reg4v2的cDNA克隆和组织分布

从猪肠道组织中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR对Reg4基因进行cDNA扩增,获得了726 bp和832 bp的两个片段。将PCR产物分别与pMD-19T载体连接后转化E.coliJM109,检测阳性克隆、测序并进行序列分析。同源分析结果表明,克隆的猪Reg4 Variant2基因与人、小鼠、牛的同源性分别为71.6%、63.3%、73.6%;组织分布结果显示:猪Reg4 Variant1和Reg4 Variant2基因在肠道组织各部分均有分布。克隆的猪Reg4 Variant1和Reg4 Variant2基因分别注册GenBank(Accession.FJ469910,FJ469911)。     

民猪CIRP基因的克隆与冷诱导研究

采用生物信息学结合RT-PCR的方法,克隆民猪的冷诱导RNA结合蛋白(Cold inducible RNA-binding protein,CIRP)基因,获得3个变异体序列。猪CIRP变异体1基因cDNA长1 278 bp(GenBank登录号:HQ908794),编码172个氨基酸;变异体2基因cDNA长1 653 bp(GenBank登录号:HQ908795),编码182个氨基酸;变异体3基因cDNA长1 765 bp(Genbank登录号:HQ908796),编码144个氨基酸。CIRP变异体2与变异体1相比,在其编码区的第501碱基处,出现了一段375 bp的插入片段,该插入片段的第46～48个碱基为TAG,使翻译提前终止;变异体3与变异体2相比,在其编码区的第428碱基处,出现一段115 bp插入片段,该插入片段的第5～7个碱基为TGA,使翻译提前终止。3种转录变异体的核苷酸序列同源性为86.45%,氨基酸序列同源性为87%。冷诱导后,CIRP基因在肌肉中的表达水平出现显著升高(P<0.05)。     

Atypical cholinesterase gene E1a: rarity in Negroes and most Orientals

Development of a rapid screening test for atypical cholinesterase in serum enabled large-scale surveys of populations. The frequency of the heterozygous trait among Greeks, Yugoslavs, and East Indians was similar to that among United States Caucasians (2.8 to 3.3 percent). In trait frequency, U.S. Negroes were intermediate (1.05 percent) between Congolese Africans (0.29 percent) and U.S. Whites (3.3 percent). The gene was absent from or very rare in populations originating in East Asia (Taiwanese, Japanese, Filipinos, and Eskimos). Prolonged apnea during anesthesia from administration of succinylcholine caused by homozygosity for this gene, is expected to be extremely rare among populations of Negroes and East Asians.     

Isoantigenic variants: isolation from human diploid cells in culture

Variant human fibroblast substrains, resistant to a cytotoxic human isoantiserum, were isolated from sensitive strains by repeated exposure to isoantiserum and rabbit complement. The resistant phenotype was stable, apparently occurred at low frequency, and was associated with loss of surface isoantigens.     

Cerumen types in Choctaw Indians

Certinen from 432 Choctaw Indians from Mississippi was classified as sticky or dry. The frequency of the autosomal recessive dry type was intermediate between that for Indians of western North America and that for Mayan groups of southern Mexico.     

利用血液蛋白多态性分析策勒黑羊与和田羊、卡拉库尔羊遗传距离

本实验采用垂直板高pH不连续SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,研究了策勒黑羊、和田羊、卡拉库尔羊血清转铁蛋白(Tf)、前白蛋白(Pr)、血清白蛋白(A lb)三个基因座的遗传多态性。研究表明:策勒黑羊与和田羊、卡拉库尔羊的血清转铁蛋白(Tf)、血清白蛋白(A lb)位点基因型有差别,前白蛋白(Pr)位点基因型相同。计算了三种绵羊的基因型频率、基因频率,策勒黑羊与和田羊、卡拉库尔羊之间的遗传距离,并进行了分析。结果表明:策勒黑羊与和田羊遗传距离最近,其次为卡拉库尔羊。     

大麦耐铝毒机制的研究进展

铝离子对根系的毒害是酸性土壤中农作物生产的主要限制因子.大麦在所有禾本科农作物中对铝离子毒害最为敏感.耐铝毒性在大麦品种间存在变异,遗传分析表明在大麦第4染色体长臂上有一个主效基因(Alp)控制大麦对铝毒的抗性.笔者总结了最近几年关于大麦耐铝毒机理的研究进展,特别是大麦耐铝毒基因Alp的克隆及其功能分析,并对禾本科其它农作物中相关耐铝毒基因的研究进行了比较.     

鸭血清白蛋白基因克隆及其在病毒感染过程中的表达变化

【目的】克隆鸭血清白蛋白（duck serum albumin,DSA）基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析和mRNA表达规律研究。【方法】以前期抑制性消减杂交技术筛选的白蛋白（albumin,ALB）基因为候选基因,通过构建雏鸭肝炎病毒和聚肌苷酸胞苷酸(polyinosinic polycytidylic acid,Poly(I:C))感染模型,利用RT-PCR、RACE技术和基因组步移技术分别克隆ALB基因cDNA序列和5′侧翼序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析;同时利用RT-qPCR检测ALB基因各组织时空表达量。【结果】①ALB cDNA全序列长为2 107 bp,包括47 bp的 5′UTR、212 bp的 3′UTR和1 848 bp的开放阅读框（open reading frame,ORF）;其5′侧翼序列具有典型的TAAT box、CAAT box以及HSF、HNF、C/EBP等多个肝脏富含的潜在转录因子结合位点;②RT-qPCR显示,ALB mRNA 呈肝脏组织特异性表达,且在雏鸭肝炎病毒和Poly(I:C)等抗原刺激后,肝脏组织ALB mRNA表达量总体表现水平为先上升后下降,24 h后保持在稳定水平。【结论】成功克隆了鸭ALB基因cDNA和5′侧翼序列,该基因在不同禽类（鸡、鸭、火鸡）中表现为相当保守,主要在肝脏组织中表达,且在雏鸭肝炎病毒和Poly(I:C)感染下,ALB mRNA表现水平为先上升后下降。     

Hemoglobin variant common to Chinese and North American Indians: alpha-2-beta-22 Glu-Ala

An electrophoretically slow hemoglobin variant, in which the structural change involves the replacement of a glutamyl residue by alanyl at position beta-22, was reported in two groups of North American Indians: hemoglobin-G Coushatta, in Alabama-Coushatta Indians in Texas; and hemoglobin-G Saskatoon, in descendants of Santee Indians living in Canada. Hemoglobin-G Hsin-Chu, found in Taiwan in a Chinese from the northern Chinese province of Liaoning, is now shown to have the same structural anomaly.     

Hemoglobin patterns in American Indians

Two populations of North Carolina have been analyzed for hemoglobin patterns by paper electrophoresis. Of 534 Cherokee Indians, both mixed and full bloods, all showed normal hemoglobin. Lumbee Indians of less certain ethnic status had 1.7 percent of hemoglobin S, an equal amount of hemoglobin C, and one possible hemoglobin D trait among 1332 bloods studied.     

秦川牛血液型与生长性状的关系研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定了秦川牛(151头)血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白(Tf)、后转铁蛋白(PTf)、血清白蛋白(Alb)和后白蛋白(Pa)的遗传多态性。结果证明秦川牛Hb位点受3个等显性基因支配;Tf位点受4个等显性基因支配;严PTf位点受2个等位基因支配;Alb位点受3个等显性基因支配;Pa位点受2个等位基因支配。并在此基础上,分析了各多态位点不同基因型与秦川牛生长性状的关系。结果表明,HbAA型秦川母牛12月龄体重、24月龄体重显著高于HbAB型母牛(P<0.05)。PTfFF型母牛12月龄体重、18月龄体重、24月龄体重显著高于PTfSS型母牛(P<0.05)。AlbBB型母牛12月龄体重、18月龄体重显著高于AlbAA型母牛(P<0.05)。而且血红蛋白与运铁蛋白组合基因型以HbAA/TfDD型母牛的初生重大,HbAB/TfDD型母牛的12月龄体重、18月龄体重、24月龄体重大。AlbB基因对A基因的替代平均效应值为12月龄体重3.9510kg,18月龄体重1.3786kg。说明秦川牛HbAA型母牛的AFS、AFC极显著早于其它表现型母牛,HbA频率为0.838;这与一些早熟品种,短角牛HbA1.000,日本黑牛HbA0.975,朝鲜牛HbA0.895B频率高相一致.此种现象可能系秦川牛早熟性的遗传背景。最后,制定出各位点优势基因对基因型育种值的回归方程。说明秦川牛中Hb、Tf、PTf、Alb位点的不同表现型生长性     

Genetic analysis of tolerance to aluminum toxin at seedling stage in soybean based on major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model

The segregation analysis based on major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model was employed to study the inheritance of aluminum (Al) tolerance in soybean. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Al-tolerant (KF No.1) and Al-sensitive (NN 1138-2) parents along with both parents was analyzed using phenotypic data of three traits, i.e. relative total plant dry weight (RTDW), relative shoot dry weight (RSDW) and relative root dry weight (RRDW) assayed in sand culture. Significant difference among RILs was observed, and frequency distributions showed characteristics of mixed distributions, which suggested that inheritance of Al tolerance conformed to major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model. The results indicated that the genetic model type I (four additive major genes plus additive polygenes) was the most fitting one for the traits, indicating some common genetic mechanism lying among the traits, though their respective best fitting models were somewhat different, i.e. I-6, I-9 and I-8 for RTDW, RSDW and RRDW, respectively, within model type I. It supports to choose RTDW as the representative for Al tolerance evaluation in addition to its virtue of being the whole-plant trait and easy to measure in sand culture. Averagely, the major genes contributed about 50%, while the collective polygenes contributed about 30% to the phenotypic variation, indicating both being important in breeding for Al tolerance. The study recommends that the segregation analysis can be used by soybean breeders who have accumulated abundant segregation data to obtain preliminary information on the inheritance of their breeding materials, and can be used as a first screening for presence of major genes followed with molecular marker analysis to further confirm and locate the major genes of quantitative traits.     

多基因座复等位基因自交群体后代基因型频率的递推算法

研究多基因座复等位基因的自交群体后代基因型频率,给出其递推算法,结果发现多个基因座都是纯合基因的基因型频率逐代增加,相对增加量逐代减少,最终趋于一个定值;而多个基因座中有杂合基因的基因型频率最终趋于0,但有可能前几代递增,以后逐代减少;杂合基因个数越多,趋于0的速度越快。     

多基因座复等位基因自交群体后代基因型频率的递推算法

研究多基因座复等位基因的自交群体后代基因型频率,给出其递推算法,结果发现多个基因座都是纯合基因的基因型频率逐代增加,相对增加量逐代减少,最终趋于一个定值;而多个基因座中有杂合基因的基因型频率最终趋于0,但有可能前几代递增,以后逐代减少;杂合基因个数越多,趋于0的速度越快。     

Dentochronological separation estimates for pacific rim populations

Dental morphology of American Indians, Asians, and Pacific islanders is used with a multivariate statistic to estimate when genetic separation occurred between several populations. These estimates generally match independent estimates of separation. This method, called dentochronology, gives an American Indian fission date from Asians of about 13,000 +/- 3,000 years ago, which agrees with archeological data and rules out a European origin because of temporal priority. Polynesians split from Southeast Asians 5,000 +/- 2,200 years ago and are not derived from Melanesians. Ainu-Jomon originated in Sundaland 14,000 +/- 3,300 years ago. Africans have been separated from Asian-Americans 60,000 +/- 6,100 years.     

Fish fertilizer: a native north american practice?

The belief that the use of fish fertilizers originated among North American Indians, and was communicated as such by Squanto to the Plymouth settlers, has achieved the status of folklore and is therefore difficult to challenge. However, examination of the documentary evidence of Squanto's history and of native cultivation practices, and a cultural analysis of the implications of the use of fish fertilizer, have produced complementary lines of evidence. This evidence indicates that widely held beliefs about the "manner of the Indians" should be revised: Squanto's advice at Plymouth is probably best viewed as an interesting example of culture contact, one in which a native "culture-bearer" conveyed a technological idea from one group of Europeans to another.     

茶树根系XTHs和伸展蛋白对不同浓度铝的响应

为探索铝对茶树根系生长的影响,以一年生安吉白茶扦插苗为研究材料,比较不同铝浓度处理28 d后茶树根系生长的表型差异、生长参数,以及细胞壁相关蛋白XTHs[木葡聚糖内转糖苷酶(XET)/水解酶(XEH)]和伸展蛋白(Expansins)的响应。结果表明,与无铝对照相比,加铝处理的茶树根系在表型、生长参数上均表现出了促进生长的现象,尤其是0.4、1.0 mmol·L^-1的铝处理下与对照差异显著(P<0.05),根系总长分别增加了206%和209%、根尖数分别增加了175%和166%、根系表面积分别增加了227%和286%、根系体积分别增加了246%和385%。相应地,茶树根系中CsEXPB14、CsEXLA8基因表达量在0.4 mmol·L^-1铝处理下显著(P<0.05)高于对照与4.0 mmol·L^-1铝处理组。Expansins活性也在0.4 mmol·L^-1铝浓度下最高,较不加铝处理提高了84.3%。CsXTH14基因表达量在0.4、1.0 mmol·L^-1铝浓度下较对照显著(P<0.05)上调,XET酶活性亦表现出随铝浓度升高而增加的趋势,直至4.0 mmol·L^-1的铝浓度下才受到显著抑制。XTHs和 Expansins基因表达、XET和Expansins活性与根系生长呈正相关关系,表明一定浓度的铝(≤1 mmol·L^-1)处理,可以通过诱导XTHs和Expansins基因表达上调,提高XET和Expansins活性,促进茶树根系的生长。     

Cerumen in American Indians: genetic implications of sticky and dry types

Occurrence of sticky and dry cerumen was determined in 483 Indians from various tribes of the United States. The elevated frequencies of the allele for dry cerumen, found in Indians of pure ancestry, support the theory of the mongoloid origin of the American Indian. Potential application of cerumen quality as a marker for genetic and anthropological studies is discussed.