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超临界CO2流体萃取海滨锦葵籽油的工艺条件优化 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:6
为了提高海滨锦葵籽的利用价值,开发生物柴油新原料,该文以海滨锦葵籽为原料,利用超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取海滨锦葵籽油。通过单因素试验及正交试验研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量和萃取时间等因素对油脂得率的影响,确定了超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取海滨锦葵籽油的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在试验范围内各影响因素对海滨锦葵籽油得率作用的大小依次为:萃取压力>萃取温度>CO2流量>萃取时间。超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取海滨锦葵籽油的最佳工艺参数为:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度45℃,CO2流量21 kg/h,萃取时间为100 min,在该工艺条件下萃取3次,海滨锦葵籽油得率达到19.35%。 相似文献
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超临界CO2萃取红松种仁油的工艺及其脂肪酸成分分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为优化超临界COz萃取红松种仁油的工艺,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间对红松种仁油得率的影响,并对试验得到的种仁油进行了气质联用(GC—MS)分析。在单因素试验基础上进行了L9(3^4)正交试验,确定了超临界CO2萃取红松种仁油的最佳的工艺为:萃取压力40MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间3h,最佳工艺条件下红松种仁油得率为45.85%。萃取压力对得率的影响最大,萃取时间次之,萃取温度对得率影响不显著。利用GC—MS鉴定出9个组分,占红松种仁油脂肪酸总量的99.98%,其中亚油酸和α亚麻酸的相对含量分别为41.79%和15.62%。 相似文献
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黑莓籽油的超临界萃取及脂肪酸成分分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为了获得高品质保健油脂,采用超临界CO2萃取黑莓籽油,以气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对黑莓籽油脂肪酸成分进行分析。样品最佳粉碎粒度60目,超临界CO2萃取适宜工艺条件为:萃取压力20 MPa,分离罐压力10 MPa,萃取罐温度45℃,萃取时间30 min,萃取得率为(17.73±0.19)%。GC-MS检测结果显示黑莓籽油中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是亚油酸、油酸、亚麻酸,质量分数分别为58.04%、11.76%、8.38%,占总脂肪酸的78.18%。研究结果为黑莓籽的综合开发加工利用提供了参考。 相似文献
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为提高虾青素萃取物得率和虾青素纯度,采用超临界CO2萃取南美白对虾虾头废弃物中的虾青素,皂化后用高效液相色谱对虾青素含量进行测定。单因素试验确定萃取参数对虾青素萃取物得率和虾青素纯度的影响,然后进一步运用响应面法对萃取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:超临界CO2萃取工艺参数对虾青素萃取物得率影响不显著(P>0.05),但对虾青素纯度影响显著(P<0.05);物料粒径40目,质量含水率9%时,响应面理论优化最佳萃取参数为萃取压力403.95 Pa,萃取温度39.95℃,CO2流量1.16 L/min,虾青素纯度为796.3 mg/g。结合实际应用,验证试验在萃取压力400 Pa,萃取温度40℃,流量1.2 L/min时,虾青素纯度为789.61 mg/g。研究结果可为虾青素的提取和纯化提供参考。 相似文献
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Simándi B Deák A Rónyai E Yanxiang G Veress T Lemberkovics E Then M Sass-Kiss A Vámos-Falusi Z 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(4):1635-1640
Ground fennel seeds were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide. Small-scale subsequent extractions of the same sample showed that the composition of volatile compounds was changed with the extension of extraction time and only principal volatile components (limonene, fenchone, methylchavicol, and anethole) were present in the last-extracted sample. Fennel oil was successfully fractionated into the essential oil rich and fatty oil rich products in pilot-scale apparatus using two separators in series. Designed experiments were carried out to map the effects of pressure and temperature in the first separator on the yields and compositions of the products. The minimum level of the total undesired components in both essential oil rich and fatty oil rich products appeared at a pressure of 80-84 bar and a temperature of 31-35 degrees C in the first separator. Supercritical CO(2) extraction of fennel seeds resulted in higher yield (10.0%) than steam distillation (3.0%), almost the same yield as hexane extraction (10.6%), and lower yield than alcohol extraction (15.4%). Analysis of the volatile compounds revealed the significant difference of the composition in distilled oil and oleoresins prepared by CO(2) and solvent extractions. Sensory evaluation showed that the CO(2) extraction product and distilled oil were more intense in odor and taste than alcohol and hexane extracts. 相似文献
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Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO(2)) was used for the extraction of oil and squalene from Amaranthus grain. Very small amounts of oil could be extracted by SC CO(2) from undisrupted grains, although SC CO(2) possesses higher diffusivity. Grinding increased the extraction rate and oil yield, and smaller particle size gave higher extraction rate. The oil yield and initial extraction rate increased linearly with the increasing SC CO(2) flow rate from 1 to 2 L/min. Increasing the flow rate of SC CO(2) above 2 L/min resulted in only a slight increase of oil yield and extraction rate. In the pressure range of 150-250 bar, extraction decreased with increasing temperature at a constant pressure, whereas at a pressure of 300 bar, the extraction yield increased with increasing temperature. Possible reasons for this are discussed. Effects of temperature and pressure on squalene yield were different from those on oil yield. A good oil yield (4.77 g of oil/100 g of grain) was obtained at 40 degrees C and 250 bar. The highest squalene yield (0.31 g of squalene/100 g of grain) and concentration (15.3% in extract) were obtained at 50 degrees C and 200 bar, although the oil yield under this condition was low (2.07 g of oil/100 g of grain). The moisture content within 0-10% had little influence on yields of oil and squalene at 40 degrees C and 250 bar. Finally, the oil yield and the squalene concentration in the extracts by SC CO(2) were compared to those by solvent extraction. 相似文献
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The extraction of cedarwood oil (CWO) using liquid carbon dioxide (LC-CO(2)) was investigated and compared to supercritical fluid extraction, including the effects of extraction pressure and length of extraction. The chemical composition of the extracts was monitored over the course of the extraction as well. The cumulative yields of CWO from cedarwood chips using 80 L of carbon dioxide varied very little treatment to treatment, with all temperature/pressure combinations yielding between 3.55 and 3.88% CWO, and the cumulative yields were statistically equivalent. The rate of extraction was highest under the supercritical extraction conditions (i.e., 100 degrees C and 6000 psi). Under the liquid CO(2) conditions (i.e., 25 degrees C), the extraction rates did not vary significantly with extraction pressure. However, there were differences in the chemical composition of the collected CWO. Extractions at 100 degrees C gave a much lower ratio of cedrol/cedrene than extractions at 25 degrees C. The highest ratio of cedrol/cedrene was obtained using 25 degrees C and 1500 psi. The use of subcritical water was also investigated for the extraction of CWO as well. Although some CWO was extracted using this method, the temperature/pressure combinations that gave the highest weight percentage yields also gave oils with an off odor while those combinations that gave a higher quality oil had very low yields. It appears that the high temperatures and acidic conditions cause a dehydration of the tertiary alcohol, cedrol, to its hydrocarbon analogue, cedrene, during CO(2) or pressurized water extractions of cedarwood. 相似文献
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Yu J Dandekar DV Toledo RT Singh RK Patil BS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(16):6041-6045
Limonoid glucosides (primarily limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside, LG) were extracted from grapefruit molasses by supercritical fluid extraction using a supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol (SC CO(2)-ethanol) system. Extraction conditions to maximize the yield of LG were determined by varying pressure, temperature, ethanol concentration, and extraction time. The highest yield of LG at 0.61 mg/g molasses was obtained at a pressure 48.3 MPa, a temperature of 50 degrees C, 10% ethanol (X(Eth) = 0.1), and 40 min of extraction time at a flow rate of 5.0 L/min. The results demonstrated that SC CO(2) extraction of limonoid glucosides from grapefruit molasses has practical significance for commercial production. 相似文献
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Turmeric oil was extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa) with supercritical carbon dioxide in a semicontinuous-flow extractor. Extraction rate was measured as a function of pressure, temperature, flow rate, and particle size. The extraction rate increased with an increase in CO(2) flow rate and with a reduction of particle size. The effect of pressure and temperature on turmeric extraction suggested the use of higher pressure and lower temperature at which solvent density is greater and thus the solubility of the oil in the solvent is greater in the range of 313-333 K and 20-40 MPa. The major components ( approximately 60%) of the extracted oil were identified as turmerone and ar-turmerone by GC-MS. 相似文献
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da Cruz Francisco J Danielsson B Kozubek A Dey ES 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(19):7432-7437
Process parameter optimization for the supercritical CO(2) extraction of rye bran to obtain alkylresorcinols (AR) was studied by carrying out a two-level fractional design experiment. Four parameters, temperature, CO(2) flow rate, cosolvent percentage, and extraction time, presumed to influence the extraction process, were analyzed. A tentative fractionation of the crude extract was also carried out and is discussed. The best extracts were achieved when the CO(2) flow rate and extraction time or temperature and cosolvent addition were kept high. It was found that temperature increase was not statistically significant within the range of the study performed, and the extraction time was thus the most important factor. A preliminary fractionation process in two cyclone separators yielded two fractions, one rich in AR components with higher molecular weights and the other rich in AR components with low molecular weight. 相似文献
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Vági E Rapavi E Hadolin M Vásárhelyiné Perédi K Balázs A Blázovics A Simándi B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(1):17-21
Antioxidant properties of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) herb and extracts obtained with ethanol, n-hexane, and supercritical CO2 extraction are presented. Individual antioxidants, ursolic acid, carnosic acid, and carnosol, were quantified with high-performance liquid chromatography. The effects of different parameters (temperature and pressure) of high-pressure extraction on the yield of carnosol were studied. Furthermore, two marjoram herbs from Hungary and Egypt were compared measuring hydrogen-donating abilities with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl by spectrophotometric and the total scavenger capacities by chemiluminometric methods from the aqueous extracts of the herbs. The antioxidant activities of the solvent extracts were performed using the Rancimat method. The Egyptian herb and its extracts possessed better antioxidant activities than Hungarian ones. Applying supercritical CO2 extraction, the highest value of carnosol was obtained at 400 bar and 60 degrees C. 相似文献
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The volatile oil of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton seeds was obtained by supercritical CO(2) extraction (SC-CO(2)). The effect of the extraction conditions on the yield and composition of the resulting cardamom volatile oil was examined by testing two pressure values, 9.0 and 11.0 MPa; two temperatures, 40 and 50 degrees C; two flow rate values, 0.6 and 1.2 kg/h; and two particles size values, 250-425 and >850 microm. The extraction conditions that gave the highest yield, Y (grams of extract per gram of seeds), of 5.5%, were as follows: pressure, 9.0 MPa; temperature, 40 degrees C; carbon dioxide flow, phi = 1.2 kg/h; and particles sizes in the range of 250-425 microm. Waxes, recovered as traces, were entrapped in the first separator set at 9.0 MPa and -10 degrees C. The oil was recovered in the second separator working at 1.5 MPa and 10 degrees C. The main components were as follows: alpha-terpinyl acetate, 42.3%; 1,8-cineole, 21.4%; linalyl acetate, 8.2%; limonene, 5.6%; and linalool, 5.4%. A comparison with the hydrodistilled oil, obtained at a yield of 5.0%, did not reveal any consistent difference. In contrast, the extract obtained using hexane, Y = 7.6%, showed strong composition differences. Indeed, the volatile fraction of the extract was made up mainly of the following: limonene, 36.4%; 1,8-cineole, 23.5%; terpinolene, 8.6%; and myrcene, 6.6%. 相似文献