益生菌对畜禽胴体性状及肉品质的影响研究进展

综述了益生菌或含有益生菌的饲料添加剂对畜禽胴体性状和肉品质各指标的影响。     

半胱胺对宁乡猪胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加半胱胺对宁乡猪胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选取日龄相近、体重约43kg的宁乡阉公猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加80 mg/kg半胱胺,试验期8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组屠宰率提高了3.04%(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组背最长肌滴水损失降低了21.83%(0.05≤P0.10)。3)与对照组相比,试验组背最长肌饱和脂肪酸中硬脂酸含量下降了6.71%(P0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸中反油酸含量降低了62.57%(P0.01),二十碳烯酸含量降低了28.02%(P0.01);多不饱和脂肪酸含量升高了7.14%(P0.05),其中亚油酸含量升高了7.89%(P0.05),二十碳三烯酸含量升高了34.10%(0.05≤P0.10),α-亚麻酸含量下降了15.87%(P0.01)。由此可知,在饲粮中添加半胱胺提高了宁乡猪屠宰率,通过降低硬脂酸和提高亚油酸的含量改善了肉品质。     

中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡生长、胴体品质和肝脂含量的影响

试验以中兽医药学理论为依据,组成中草药复方添加于肉仔鸡日粮研究中草药对肉仔鸡生长发育及体脂沉积的影响. 1 材料与方法     

复合添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

采用肉仔鸡饲养试验、屠宰测定和肉质分析的方法,将能改善肉质性状的复合维生素、复合微量元素和复合生物活性物质,按3因子5水平二次通用旋转组合设计的试验安排添加入预混料中,得到15个添加水平组合及新型复合预混料配方,与20组试验鸡相对应,进行2阶段7周龄饲养试验.结果表明,第15～20组试验鸡,7周龄增重、料重比、胸肌率和腹脂率最优,分别为2368g、1.78、14.49%、1.50%,比对照组提高17.5%、10.0%、12.5%、17.0%,差异极显著(P＜0.01);在试验条件下,肉仔鸡的主要生产性能和胴体性状指标与各复合添加剂的添加水平有较密切的相关关系,15号料的复合添加剂水平组合及新型复合预混料配方能显著提高肉仔鸡的生产性能和胴体品质.     

中草药添加剂对猪胴体特性和猪肉品质的影响

选用10kg左右的长荣二杂猪40头,随机分成中草药散剂组、水提制剂组、醇-水制剂组、抗生素组和对照共5个组,进行不同制剂中草药添加剂对猪肉品质影响的研究。结果表明:中草药添加剂能明显改善育肥猪胴体特性和肉品质。醇-水制剂组较对照组显著降低背膘厚度20.35(P<0 05);眼肌面积:中草药各制剂组较对照组和抗生素组都有所增加,抗生素组最低;与散剂组和对照组比较,中草药水提制剂显著提高瘦肉率6.40％和6.45％(p<0.05);醇-水制剂显著提高6.68%和6.73％(P<0.05);抗生素较之无显著差异;与对照组和抗生素组比较,醇-水制剂组降低失水率分别为12.02％、16.44％;提高肌内脂肪含量分别为7.93％和19.51％。     

中草药添加剂对三黄鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响

选用黄芪、鸡矢藤、麦芽、决明子等配制中草药复方添加剂,通过饮水方式对120只三黄雏鸡进行为期90d的喂养试验,研究中草药对三黄鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响。结果表明,添加中草药的试验组鸡群与未添加中草药的对照组鸡群相比,平均日增重提高2.7%,耗料增重比下降11.2%,屠宰率提高4.96%,全净膛率提高6.52%,半净膛率提高5.66%,胸肌率提高10.40%,腿肌率提高4.39%,腹脂率降低7.89%,病死率也降低。该中药复方制剂对三黄鸡养殖有应用价值。     

影响猪胴体品质和肌肉品质的饲料添加剂

猪的胴体品质和肌肉品质受多种营养因素影响。此文系统地综述了各种饲料添加剂的作用效果和影响规律．为进一步制定提高猪肉品质的综合措施提供参考。     

复方中草药添加剂对大骨鸡胴体品质的影响研究

为研究复方中草药添加剂对大骨鸡胴体品质的影响,选用120只1日龄大骨鸡随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每重复10只鸡.Ⅰ组为空白对照组,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5％和1％复方中草药添加剂,试验期42d.试验结束时各组每重复取2只鸡,宰前停料12 h,颈部放血致死,进行屠宰,按常规方法测定屠宰性能指标:屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腹脂率;腿肌取样测定pH45min、肉色、剪切力、干物质、粗蛋白、脂肪和灰分含量.结果表明:不同剂量复方中草药添加剂能不同程度提高大骨鸡的屠宰性能和降低其腹脂率,在一定程度上改善大骨鸡的肉质物理性状和改善肉质常规养分含量.建议添加量以1％效果较好.     

大豆素对湘中黑牛育肥牛胴体性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加大豆素对湘中黑牛育肥牛胴体性能和肉品质的影响。选择14头健康、体重[(450±20)kg]相近、2岁左右阉割湘中黑牛,随机分成2组,每组7头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+500 mg/kg大豆素。试验期为120 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)添加大豆素对宰前活重、热胴体重、屠宰率无显著影响(P0.05),胴体的脂肪含量、背膘厚有降低趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);2)添加大豆素显著提高了背最长肌的粗脂肪含量及大理石花纹评分(P0.05),分别提高了8.34%、1.93分,并显著降低了排酸24 h肌肉的p H和水分含量(P0.05),显著增加了肌肉的红度值(P0.05);3)添加大豆素显著降低了血清中葡萄糖、尿素氮、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、非酯化脂肪酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度(P0.05);4)添加大豆素分别显著提高和降低了背最长肌的异柠檬酸脱氢酶活性和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加大豆素能够影响育肥牛的脂类代谢,促进肌肉脂肪沉积,改善牛肉的大理石花纹和品质。     

德氏乳杆菌对育肥猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究无抗生素饲粮中添加德氏乳杆菌对育肥猪胴体性状、肉品质及背最长肌营养成分的影响。试验选用健康、平均体重为(65.34±3.64)kg的"杜×(长×大)"育肥猪120头,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂无抗生素基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在无抗生素基础饲粮中添加0.1%德氏乳杆菌的饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:2组育肥猪的胴体性状差异不显著(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪的脾重率和胰重率显著升高(P0.05);宰后45 min时2组育肥猪的肉品质差异不显著(P0.05),宰后24 h时,与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪肉的黄度显著升高(P0.05),剪切力显著降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪背最长肌中甘氨酸、丙氨酸和风味氨基酸含量显著升高(P0.05),葵酸和棕榈酸含量显著降低(P0.05),棕榈油酸、亚油酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P0.05)。结果提示,无抗生素饲粮中添加0.1%德氏乳杆菌对育肥猪的胴体性状、肉品质及肉中营养成分具有一定改善作用。     

中国荷斯坦奶公犊不同胴体等级间产肉性能及肉质差异研究

本研究以400头中国荷斯坦奶公犊为试验动物,研究不同胴体等级间产肉性能及肉质差异。对不同胴体等级间产肉性能研究结果发现,除分割肉产率外,其它指标随着等级增加而增大;不同胴体等级间奶公犊的胴体重、分割肉重、优质部位肉重等指标存在显著差异(P<0.05);对不同胴体等级间肉质研究结果发现,不同体形等级间奶公犊肉质差异不显著(P>0.05);随脂肪等级的增加,犊牛肉的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、感官品质升高,含水量、蒸煮损失、剪切力、色度值L*降低。不同脂肪等级的犊牛肉,除脂肪含量、多汁性存在显著差异外(P<0.05),其它肉质指标均无差异(P>0.05)。试验结果表明,胴体等级能够在一定程度上反映荷斯坦奶公犊的产肉性能,但是对犊牛肉肉质的预测性较低。     

高原瘦肉型猪肥育性能与胴体品质分析

选择59头高原瘦肉型猪，断奶后每个血统选用5～9头公猪为一组，经育肥达90kg体重屠宰，测定其胴体性状和胴体品质，测定结果表明全期日增重均在500g以上，但各世代有差异，其胴体品质较之互助猪有了明显提高。     

牛组织蛋白D基因多态性与肉质、胴体性状的关联分析

以51头西门塔尔和鲁西黄牛的杂交后代作为试验动物,扩增组织蛋白酶D(cathepsin D,CTSD)基因部分外显子,通过DNA测序方法检测到该基因第5、6、8外显子共4个SNPs(T581C、T599C、A861T、A1128G)的遗传变异。SAS软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将几个位点的不同基因型与牛肉质、胴体性状进行关联分析。结果表明,位于CTSD基因外显子5的T581C突变与大理石纹性状呈显著相关(P<0.05),BB基因型显著优于AA和AB基因型,这为T581C作为肉牛大理石纹的分子标记提供了一定的理论依据。     

壳聚糖对肉鹅屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

为研究壳聚糖对肉鹅屠宰性能及肉品质的影响,选28日龄健康肉鹅120只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%壳聚糖的试验组日粮,试验期42d。结果表明:肉仔鹅日粮中添加0.05%~0.15%的壳聚糖可明显降低屠体脂肪含量,但对其它屠宰性能没有明显影响;鹅肉的pH和嫩度、干物质、氨基酸及总还原糖没有明显变化,但蛋白含量有所增加,脂肪含量有所下降,肌苷酸明显增加,从而改善鹅肉的风味。     

四种商品猪肥育性能与肉质特性比较

选择体重25kg左右的大约克、长白、杜洛克、巴克夏猪各20头,分二栏饲养(二个重复),每栏10头,试验期饲喂相同水平日粮97d,试验过程中记录饲料消耗和增重数据,结束后进行屠宰测定。结果表明:(1)大约克猪全期日增重最高,且显著高于巴克夏猪(P0.05),而试猪全期料重比均无显著差异(P0.05),但以杜洛克和大约克猪最低;(2)巴克夏猪屠宰率、眼肌面积和胴体组成中肉含量显著或极显著低于其他三种试猪(P0.05或P0.01),后腿比、胴体斜长、三点膘厚、三点皮厚等指标差异不显著(P0.05);(3)巴克夏猪肉的红色度a1*值、大理石纹、熟肉率显著高于其他3种试猪(P0.05),而其贮存损失则显著低于其他3种试猪(P0.05)。综上所述,杜洛克和大约克猪肥育性能与胴体品质较好,适宜于做终端杂交父本;长白猪肥育性能中等而屠宰率、瘦肉率较高,适宜于做杂交父本或母本;巴克夏猪肥育性能及胴体品质较差,但肉品质相对较好,是地方猪种配套生产优质猪的适宜父本品种。     

不同月龄新疆褐牛阉牛胴体性状及肉品质比较研究

选择相同营养模式下低月龄组(28~30月龄)12头、高月龄组(32~34月龄)8头新疆褐牛阉牛进行屠宰,分别对胴体性状、营养成分、部分食用品质指标进行测定和比较分析,旨在探索新疆褐牛阉牛生产高档牛肉的适宜月龄。结果表明,高月龄组大理石花纹、胴体等级、脂肪、肉色均优于低月龄组,低月龄组脂肪色泽、水分、蛋白质、蒸煮损失、剪切力值优于高月龄组,且脂肪、肉色L^*值差异显著(P<0.05),其余组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);上脑、里脊、外脊作为高档牛肉,除肉色、pH外,脂肪、蛋白质、水分、蒸煮损失、剪切力值指标均优于其他部位,表现出了极好的营养价值和食用品质。28~34月龄阶段的新疆褐牛阉牛可以生产高档牛肉,其肉品都可作为牛排和涮牛肉的原材料。     

Comparative Study on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Different Month Old of Xinjiang Brown Cattle Steers

In this research,12 heads of 28 to 30 months (low months age group) and 8 heads of 32 to 34 months (high months age group) Xinjiang Brown cattle steers which fed in the same mode of nutrition were chose for the slaughter test,in which the carcass traits,nutrient composition and some edible quality index were measured and comparative analyzed,a research which through comparative analysis the carcass traits and meat quality of nutritional components of different months of Xinjiang Brown cattle steers was carried out.The results indicated that the marbling,carcass grade,fat,meat color of high months age group were better than that of low months age group,the traits of the low months age group on fat color,moisture,protein,cooking loss and shear force value were better than that of high months age group,and there were significant difference on the traits of fat and meat color L^* between the two groups (P<0.05),while the differences of other traits between them were not significant (P>0.05);As high-grade beef,in addition to the traits of meat color and pH value of the chunk roll,tenderloin and striploin,each site of the meat traits on the fat,protein,moisture,cooking loss,shear force value indicators were all better than other parts,and showed the best of nutritional value and edible quality.28 to 34 months of Xinjiang Brown cattle steers could produce high-grade beef,the meat could be used as the raw materials of steak and boiled beef.     

Effect of Fermented Peanut Shell on Production Performance,Carcass Traits,Meat Quality and Economic Benefits of Fattening Pigs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented peanut shell on production performance, carcass traits, meat quality and economic benefits of fattening pigs.100 fattening pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an average weight of 50 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 pigs per replicate.The control group was fed with corn-concentrates-based feed, groups 1 to 4 were fed with the basal diets supplemented with 10% fermented peanut shell, 20% fermented peanut shell, 30% fermented peanut shell and 15% fermentation of corn stalk, respectively.The trial lasted for 66 days.The results showed that ADFI in control group, group 2 and group 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 and group 4 (P<0.05), ADG in control group and group 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 and group 4 (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in F/G among all groups (P>0.05).Diarrhea frequencies in groups 1 to 4 were extremely significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01).There were no significant differences in carcass quality, slaughter rate, backfat thickness and eye muscle area among all groups (P>0.05), lean meat percentage in group 2 was significantly lower than that in control group and group 1 (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in marbling, meat color, tenderness, intramuscular fat, water loss and cooked meat percentage among all groups (P>0.05), water losses in groups 1 to 4 were lower than that in control group, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05).According to the economic benefit analysis showed that in pig from 50 to 90 kg, average profit of each pig in control group was 47.60 yuan, average profits of each pig in groups 1 to 4 were respectively 56.40, 60.40, 78.80 and 58.80 yuan, while group 3 was optimal.Based on the analysis of the above result, the fermented peanut shell had no bad effect on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs, and it could effectively reduce the diarrhea frequency of pigs, improve the system of hydraulic of pork, when the fermented peanut shells were appropriatly applied in pigs feed, which could effectively reduce the breeding cost, and improve the economic benefit.