Recent advances in plant immunity with cell death: A review

Cell death is an important physiological phenomenon in life. It can be programmed or unprogrammed. Unprogrammed cell death is usually induced by abiotic or biotic stress. Recent studies have shown that many proteins regulate both cell death and immunity in plants. Here, we provide a review on the advances in plant immunity with cell death, especially the molecular regulation and underlying mechanisms of those proteins involved in both cell death and plant immunity. In addition, we discuss potential approaches toward improving plant immunity without compromising plant growth.     

逆境条件下的植物细胞程序性死亡

细胞程序性死亡(PCD)普遍存在于植物体发育过程中,是发生在特定阶段的自然的细胞死亡过程。在逆境胁迫因子如病原体、昆虫、低氧、低温、热激、金属离子等作用下,植物为了抵御不良环境的侵害,以C a2 、活性氧、NO等为信号因子,诱导植物体的特定部位发生PCD,形成细胞主动性死亡,从而避免逆境对其他组织进一步伤害,并使植物获得对不良环境的适应性。本文通过对植物PCD的一般特征、环境胁迫因子及诱导PCD信号传递途径、生物学意义和存在问题等进行了综述,为在逆境条件下深入研究植物细胞程序性死亡提供参考。     

乙烯在Tm-2~2抗ToMV反应中激发ROS发生并导致细胞死亡(英文)

番茄的抗病基因Tm-22对Tobamoviruses属病毒有持续抗性.鉴于Tm-22基因在烟草(Nicotianatabaccum)上能够功能表达,我们可以应用这一体系来了解Tm-22抗ToMV反应中氧离子自由基(ROS)的产生机制.瞬间表达的研究结果表明,ROS能够被外源的乙烯和ACC诱导,持续的乙烯刺激和应用高浓度的ACC能够导致细胞坏死并伴随着ROS的产生.     

MYB转录因子参与植物非生物胁迫响应与植物激素应答的研究进展

基因的时空表达受转录因子的精确调控。植物在面对不利环境因素比如高温、低温、干旱、盐碱等胁迫时其细胞生理生化会迅速地从“舒适”状态转变进入“胁迫响应”状态。这种快速响应的状态转变依赖于植物对胁迫信号的感知及传递、激素通路(脱落酸、茉莉酸等)的激发、转录因子的活化等复杂的过程;最终植物通过胁迫相关基因的表达、次生代谢转变、抗氧化物质的积累等实现胁迫条件下细胞内环境的再平衡从而获得生存。植物MYB(v-MYB avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog)转录因子就是上述转变中的重要参与者。本文介绍了植物MYB转录因子的结构特征、分类,综述了近些年来MYB转录因子与非生物胁迫,以及植物激素应答过程相关的研究进展。     

Seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in 46 Chinese bread wheat landraces and 39 wheat lines with known Lr genes

Wheat leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina(Pt),is an important foliar disease that has an important influence on wheat yield.The most economic,safe and effective way to control the disease is growing resistant cultivars.In the present study,a total of 46 wheat landraces and 34 wheat lines with known Lr(leaf rust resistance)genes were inoculated with 16Pt pathotypes for postulating seedling resistance gene(s)in the greenhouse.These cultivars and five wheat differential lines with adult plant resistance(APR)genes(Lr12,Lr22b,Lr34,Lr35 and Lr37)were also evaluated for identification of slow rusting resistance in the field trials in Baoding,Hebei Province of China in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 cropping seasons.Furthermore,10 functional molecular markers closely linked to 10 known Lr genes were used to detect all the wheat genotypes.Results showed that most of the landraces were susceptible to most of the Pt pathotypes at seedling stage.Nonetheless,Lr1 was detected only in Hongtangliangmai.The field experimental test of the two environments showed that 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance.Seven cultivars possessed Lr34 but none of the landraces contained Lr37 and Lr46.Lr genes namely,Lr9,Lr19,Lr24,Lr28,Lr29,Lr47,Lr51 and Lr53 were effective at the whole plant stage.Lr18,Lr36 and Lr45 had lost resistance to part of pathotypes at the seedling stage but showed high resistance at the adult plant stage.Lr34 as a slowing rusting gene showed good resistance in the field.Four race-specific APR genes Lr12,Lr13,Lr35 and Lr37 conferred good resistance in the field experiments.Seven race-specific genes,Lr2b,Lr2c,Lr11,Lr16,Lr26,Lr33 and LrB had lost resistance.The 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance to wheat leaf rust can be used as resistance resources for wheat resistance breeding in China.