滩涂土壤有机碳空间分布与围垦年限相关性分析

中国具有治理和修复潜力的滨海滩涂盐土面积约为2000hm2。滨海滩涂盐土作为新成土壤,土体发育不明显、理化性状差、肥力水平低下。该文通过对东台境内表层土壤有机碳的采样分析,在ArcGIS地理信息系统及SPSS16.0系统平台上,利用地统计分析模块中的克里格法分析东台市表层土壤有机碳的空间变异规律,并分析不同滩涂围垦年限下表层土壤有机碳、总氮、pH值、EC1:5的变化特征及其相关关系,结果显示滨海表层土壤有机碳含量与总氮、围垦年限呈极显著正相关,相关系数r分别为0.959和0.749,与pH值、电导率EC1:5呈极显著负相关,相关系数r分别为-0.478和-0.649。围垦3a以上表层土壤有机碳可增加0.24%左右,总氮质量分数增加0.02%左右;围垦时间大于52a,有机碳质量分数自0.1%增加到1.6%,全氮质量分数自0.03%增加到0.12%,养分等级也相应从6级增加到3级。该文研究表明,滨海盐土随着围垦年限的增长,土壤碳储量与总氮含量随之增加、pH值与EC1:5随之降低,耕地质量也相应提高。     

江苏沿海垦区暗管排水农田轮作对土壤有机碳的影响模拟

针对江苏沿海垦区地势平坦、降雨量大,农业生产易受涝渍灾害影响,而新开垦农田土壤贫瘠、有机质含量极低的问题,该研究基于江苏省东台市内省水科院农田暗管排水试验基地的气象、土壤、作物等数据,联合运用田间水文模型-DRAINMOD和土壤有机碳模型-DNDC（Denitrification-Decomposition Model）,研究了轮作和秸秆还田方式对暗管排水农田土壤有机碳（Soil Organic Carbon,SOC）累积过程的影响。结果显示：对于地下水位埋深较浅的沿海垦区,在DRAINMOD准确预测暗管排水农田地下水位动态的基础上,运用DNDC模型可以更好地预测土壤有机碳的累积过程;以2021年土壤有机碳含量（2.95 g/kg）为初始值,DNDC模型32 a长序列模拟发现,冬小麦-玉米轮作配施全量秸秆还田措施效果最佳,可提升耕层土壤有机碳含量至17.85 g/kg;冬小麦-玉米-冬小麦-绿肥（紫花苜蓿）轮作配施全量秸秆还田措施可提升耕层土壤有机碳含量至16.12 g/kg,具有很好的固碳效果。与研究区现有明沟排水系统相比,暗管排水可快速降低地下水位,减少涝渍胁迫,作物产量提升3.90%,耕层固碳速率提升39.39%。暗管排水条件下,湿润年频繁降雨造成了土壤干湿交替变化,由此激发了高强度土壤的呼吸作用,导致了一定程度的SOC损失;建议采用农田控制排水措施来抑制过度排水,减少高强度土壤呼吸对SOC累积过程的不利影响。研究成果可为沿海垦区农田地力提升和农业碳中和提供参考。     

土壤有机碳研究进展

回顾了国内外土壤有机碳研究进展及趋势,阐述了全球土壤有机碳库存量及分布、我国土壤有机碳库储量概况、农田土壤有机碳组成及其影响因素、农田土壤有机碳转化规律及影响因素,指出了我国在土壤有机碳研究方面存在的问题及今后的发展方向.     

基于土壤剖面测定数据计算中国土壤有机碳贮量

Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage under different types of vegetations in China were estimated using measured data of 2 440 soil profiles to compare SOC density distribution between different estimates, to map the soil organic carbon stocks under different types of vegetation in China, and to analyze the relationships between soil organic carbon stocks and environmental variables using stepwise regression analyses. Soil organic carbon storage in China was estimated at 69.38 Gt (1015 g). There was a big difference in SOC densities for various vegetation types, with SOC distribution closely related to climatic patterns in general. Stepwise regression analyses of SOC against environmental variables showed that SOC generally increased with increasing precipitation and elevation, while it decreased with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the important factor controlling SOC accumulation for forests was elevation, while for temperate steppes mean annual temperature dominated. The more specific the vegetation type used in the regression analysis, the greater was the effect of environmental variables on SOC. However, compared to native vegetation, cultivation activities in the croplands reduced the influence of environmental variables on SOC.     

我国东北黑土区侵蚀沟道的普查方法与成果

东北黑土区侵蚀沟道普查是第一次全国水利普查中水土保持情况普查的重要组成部分,也是我国对该区侵蚀沟道开展的首次全面调查。本文全面介绍了本次普查的对象、范围、内容、技术方法、质量控制和成果,对进一步规范和完善侵蚀沟道调查方法、分级分类标准以及开展东北黑土区侵蚀沟道治理意义重大。东北黑土区侵蚀沟道普查以2．5m分辨率遥感影像和1：5万数字线划图为主要信息源,采取人机交互的方式辨识50km。小流域内长度在100m和5000m之间的侵蚀沟道,提取沟道面积、长度、纵比和起讫经纬度等指标。在沟道提取、数据填报和成果审核汇总等阶段,县级、省级和流域等各级普查机构通过野外核查、室内检查和数据比对等严格的质量控制方法,对侵蚀沟道的遥感解译与识别、沟道勾绘精度、图形数据接边进行审核,保证普查结果的全面性和准确性。经调查东北黑土区共有侵蚀沟道29万5663条。     

Dissolved organic carbon in soil solutions: a comparison of collection methods

A field study was undertaken to compare dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in soil solutions obtained with three different sampling methods over a range of soil types. The sampling devices used were a tension‐free collector, a tension Prenart collector and a tension Rhizon collector. Samples were collected fortnightly for a year at seven sites in northern England, each collection being replicated three times. The soil solution DOC ranged from 1.3 g m^?3 in an acid ranker to 34.7 g m^?3 in a peat. The DOC concentrations obtained with the three methods correlated reasonably well (r² = 0.6–0.8) but with an indication of bias, as the best fit line differed from the 1:1 line. The tension‐free collector gave generally higher DOC concentrations except at very low concentrations (in the acid ranker soil). The DOC concentrations measured with the tension‐free collectors were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those obtained with Prenart and Rhizon collectors at four and six sites, out of seven, respectively. Subsequent laboratory tests on tension‐free collected samples showed no DOC loss on filtration through 0.1 and 0.22‐μm membranes, whereas a significant loss of DOC occurred when tension‐free collected samples were subsequently passed through Prenart and Rhizon collectors, indicating a probable sampling artefact with the tension devices. The difficulties of acquiring representative soil solution samples are discussed, together with the advantages and disadvantages of tension and tension‐free methods.     

长期施肥下红壤有机碳及其颗粒组分对不同施肥模式的响应

采集不同施肥24年的红壤,采用物理分组的方法,观测了长期不同施肥下红壤有机碳及其组分变化,并结合历史资料分析了不同施肥模式对红壤有机碳及其颗粒组分的影响。结果表明,化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）处理下红壤总有机碳含量（10.33 g/kg）,砂粒（2000～53 m）、细粉粒（5～2 m）和粘粒（2 m）组分中的有机碳含量显著高于其他处理。与不施肥（CK）相比,施用化肥（NPK、2NPK）和有机肥（NPKM、M）显著地提高了红壤有机碳在砂粒和粘粒中的分配比例,而降低了其在粗粉粒和细粉粒的分配比例。施化肥（NPK、2NPK）、单施有机肥（M）、化肥配施有机肥（NPKM）处理,土壤有机碳的平均固定速率分别为0.05 t/(hm2?a)、0.18 t/(hm2?a)、0.26 t/(hm2?a)。相关分析表明,不同施肥模式下红壤有机碳的固定量与碳投入量之间存在着极显著的线性相关关系（R2=0.909, P0.01）,土壤的固碳效率为8.1%;随着碳投入的增加,粗粉粒和细粉粒有机碳储量逐渐下降,而砂粒和粘粒中碳储量逐渐增加,并且粘粒增加速率要远远高于砂粒。以上结果说明,红壤中有机碳还没有达到饱和,还具有一定的固碳潜力,增加的有机碳主要固持在粘粒中,粘粒是红壤有机碳的主要固持组分。     

耕作方式对华北农田土壤固碳效应的影响

研究不同耕作方式对华北农田土壤固碳及碳库管理指数的影响,可为探寻有利于农田固碳的耕作方式提供科学依据。该研究在中国农业大学吴桥实验站进行,试验于2008年设置了免耕秸秆不还田(NT0)、翻耕秸秆不还田(CT0)、免耕秸秆还田(NT)、翻耕秸秆还田(CT)和旋耕秸秆还田(RT)5个处理。研究测定分析了土壤容重、有机碳、易氧化有机碳含量及不同耕作方式下的碳库管理指数。通过对不同耕作方式下0～110cm土壤的分析,结果表明,随着土层的加深,土壤有机碳含量不断下降,NT显著增加了表层(0～10cm)土壤有机碳含量,而>10～50cm有机碳含量较其他处理(NT0除外)有所下降,深层(>50～110cm)处理间差异不明显;土壤容重与有机碳含量呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.01);0～30cm土层有机碳储量以NT最高,CT与其无明显差异,二者较CT0分别高出13.1%和11.0%,而至0～50cm土层,CT的碳储量最高,但与NT无显著差异(P<0.05);与CT0相比,NT0降低了各层土壤易氧化有机碳含量,而NT则在0～10cm土层表现为增加;RT、CT分别显著增加了0～10、>10～30cm土层的碳库管理指数。结果表明,秸秆还田可改善土壤质量,提高农田碳库管理指数,同时碳库管理指数受耕作方式的影响也较大,尤其是CT和RT;NT通过减少土壤扰动、增加有机质的输入,可提高上层土壤有机碳的储量。     

Comparison of spatial interpolation techniques for mapping soil pH and salinity in agricultural coastal areas,northern Iran

This study attempted to characterize the spatial distributions of soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC_e) of coastal fields in the Miyandoroud region, northern Iran, for three soil layer depths by assessing spatial variability and comparing different interpolation techniques such as inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), and conditional simulations (CS). Three soil composite samples were collected from 0–50, 50–100, and 100–150 cm depths at 105 sampling sites. At all three soil depths, pH and EC_e were best fitted by exponential and spherical models, respectively. Nugget effects were higher for soil EC_e data sets compared with soil pH at all three soil depths showing soil EC_e had a spatial variability in small distances. The prediction accuracy of the interpolation methods indicated that the minimum error for all data sets was achieved with the OK method, except for pH at 50–100 cm depth, and the CS technique revealed the largest error. The effect of different numbers of simulations (100, 500 and 1000) in the CS interpolation method resulted not in a realistic mapping for the soil EC_e and pH. Considering the high importance of irrigated agriculture in the Caspian Sea coastal areas, more subsoil salinity build-up and groundwater salinity monitoring plans are needed as a prerequisite for sustainable agricultural production systems of the future.     

不同有机物料对苏打盐化土有机碳和活性碳组分的影响

【目的】在大同盆地苏打盐化土上,研究不同有机物料对春玉米产量、土壤有机碳及活性碳组分的影响,明确土壤有机碳及活性碳组分与主要盐碱指标的相关关系,为苏打盐化土改良及有机物料资源化利用提供理论支撑。【方法】2016-2017年在山西省北部怀仁县开展田间定位试验,设对照(CK)、风化煤、生物炭、牛粪和秸秆5个处理,各处理有机物料施用量按照每年9000 kg/hm^2等有机碳投入量折算,收获时对春玉米进行测产。2017年春玉米收获后,采集土壤样品测定土壤有机碳总量(SOC)和水溶性有机碳(WSOC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)含量,分析土壤活性碳组分占有机碳的比例、土壤有机碳及活性碳组分与盐碱指标之间的关系。【结果】与CK相比,生物炭和秸秆处理春玉米产量无明显差异,而风化煤和牛粪处理春玉米产量则分别显著提高30.2%和30.3%。添加有机物料促进了0-20 cm土层SOC累积,其中以风化煤和牛粪处理效果最佳,较CK分别提高47.6%和36.1%。在有机碳组分方面,风化煤和牛粪处理提高WSOC、EOC含量的效果显著高于生物炭、秸秆处理;风化煤、牛粪和秸秆处理的LFOC含量显著高于生物炭处理。四类有机物料处理的WSOC占总有机碳的比例差异不显著,牛粪处理的占比显著高于CK。EOC占总有机碳的比例以牛粪处理最高,风化煤次之,且二者均显著高于CK处理;LFOC占总有机碳的比例则表现为秸秆、牛粪>风化煤、生物炭> CK。此外,添加有机物料能有效降低0-20 cm土层土壤pH、电导率(EC)和碱化度(ESP),其中以风化煤和牛粪处理降幅最大。相关分析表明,土壤SOC与pH、EC和ESP呈显著负相关。【结论】通过有机物料改良效果比较,发现牛粪和风化煤处理能促进苏打盐化土有机碳累积,提高可溶性、易氧化态及轻组有机碳组分在总有机碳中的占比,降低土壤pH、EC和ESP,明显提高春玉米产量。因此,风化煤和牛粪是山西北部苏打盐化土良好的改良剂。     

Estimating and mapping the carbon saturation deficit of French agricultural topsoils

The concept of soil organic C (SOC) saturation suggests that the quantity of stable SOC is limited and determined by the amount of fine particles (clay + fine silt, Clay + fSilt). The difference between the theoretical SOC saturation value and the measured SOC one for the fine fraction corresponds to the soil’s saturation deficit and may represent the potential for SOC sequestration in a stable form. We calculate the saturation deficit of French arable soils based on the national soil test database and using the saturation equation. For the whole database (n = 1 454 633), the median saturation deficit was 8.1 gC/kg and this generally increased with the Clay + fSilt content to reach a maximum of 500 g/kg. National mapping of the SOC saturation deficit allowed investigation of spatial variation and controlling factors. Saturated soils were found in localities with specific land use (grassland, meadows) or farming systems (livestock production with high manure production). Smaller deficits occurred at higher altitudes, probably due to the combined effect of cooler temperature and the presence of meadows. Some very sandy soils appeared to be almost saturated, largely due to their very small fine fraction. Soils in the highly cultivated plains in the northern half of the country had a significant saturation deficit. Soils in the southern part of the country had the highest saturation deficit because of the combined effects of climatic factors (low production, high temperature) and land use (vineyards, orchards). Analysis of communal data revealed significant correlations at the national level with Clay + fSilt (r = 0.59), pH (r = 0.44) but also with the proportion of grassland in the cultivated area (r = ?0.47). Some areas had apparent oversaturation which may be due to uncertainty associated with the theoretical C saturation equation because of overestimation of the stable soil C fraction. Mapping the C saturation deficit at the national scale demonstrates the influence of climate, soil parameters and land use on the SOC stabilization potential and indicates that a significant proportion of agricultural soils have potential for further SOC storage.     

Effect of no-tillage with straw mulch and conventional tillage on soil organic carbon pools in Northern China

The dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) is imperative for maintaining soil quality. Our objective was to investigate the effects of tillage practices on SOC and its fractions at the depth (0–60 cm) of Chromic Cambisol profile in northern China. The experiment including no-tillage with straw mulch (NTSM) and conventional tillage (CT). Our results indicated that differences in SOC concentration and stock were primarily evident in the 0–10 cm layer. The particulate organic matter carbon (POM-C), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) levels in the top layers (0–10 cm) under the NTSM treatment were 28.5, 26.1 and 51.0% higher than CT. A positive correlation was observed between these labile C fractions and the SOC, and POM-C was the much more sensitive indicator of SOC quality than MBC and DOC. NTSM was unable to sustain the greater yields, and from 2006 to 2011, the mean maize yield for NTSM was significantly lower than that for CT (P < 0.05). NTSM resulted in higher SOC content and stocks in dryland farming systems but lower crop yields is a concern which needs to be addressed in order to make these systems acceptable to the farming community.     

不同地表覆盖栽培对旱地土壤有机碳、无机碳和轻质有机碳的影响

通过田间长期定位试验,分层采集冬小麦-休闲种植体系0—40 cm土层的土样,研究了常规、地表覆膜和覆草栽培对土壤有机碳、无机碳和轻质有机碳的影响。结果表明,覆膜或覆草可以显著增加地上部小麦生物量和子粒产量。不同地表覆盖对0—40 cm土层的无机碳含量和分布无显著影响,但与常规栽培相比,地表覆膜使0—5 cm土层的有机碳含量显著降低,0—40 cm各土层轻质有机碳表现出明显降低趋势,平均降低 C 6.1~74.5 mg/kg;地表覆草却表现出明显增加土壤轻质有机碳的趋势,0—5,5—10,10—20 cm土层的轻质有机碳含量分别增加C 235.2、190.0和144.9 mg/kg,相当于常规的38.7%,32.9%和34.5%。同时,覆草栽培还表现出降低0—10 cm土层轻质有机质含碳量的趋势,并使0—20 cm土层轻质有机碳占有机碳的比例显著高于常规栽培和地表覆膜处理。可见,地表长期覆膜不利于旱地土壤有机碳累积,覆草不仅可以增加表层土壤的轻质有机碳累积,还可改善土壤碳氮组成。     

耕层厚度对华北高产灌溉农田土壤有机碳储量的影响

针对华北平原长期少免耕可能导致的耕层变浅、变紧的问题,通过人为设置不同耕层厚度试验,采用等质量土壤有机碳库储量和层化比的研究方法,研究了4种耕层厚度（10、20、30、40 cm）水平下0～50 cm土壤有机碳的变化。2 a的田间试验结果表明,不同耕层厚度对土壤有机碳含量有显著差异,与2007年试验开始时相比,土壤有机碳质量分数都不同程度下降,下降幅度为22%～48%。利用等质量计算方法表明20 cm耕层厚度的处理土壤有机碳储量最高。通过层化比的研究表明,随着时间的推移,20 cm的耕层厚度层化比最高,其     

Effects of rotational tillage practices on soil structure,organic carbon concentration and crop yields in semi‐arid areas of northwest China

Continuous conventional tillage can cause serious soil degradation in rain‐fed agriculture, which reduces crop productivity. Adopting suitable tillage practices is very important for improving the soil and increasing crop productivity. Between 2007 and 2010, a 3‐year field study was conducted in semi‐arid areas of southern Ningxia, China, to determine the effects of rotational tillage practices on bulk density, soil aggregate, organic carbon concentration and crop yields. Three tillage treatments were tested: no‐tillage the first and third year and subsoiling the second year (NT/ST/NT); subsoiling the first and third year and no‐tillage the second year (ST/NT/ST); and conventional tillage each year (CT). A conventional tillage treatment was used as the control. Under the rotational tillage treatments, the mean soil bulk density at a depth of 0–60 cm was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 4.9% compared with CT, and with the best effect under ST/NT/ST. The soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and aggregate size fractions and stability at 0–40 cm depth were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in rotational tillage treatments when compared with the conventional tillage, and the ST/NT/ST treatment produced the highest increases. Significant differences were detected in the SOC concentration in 2 to 0.25–mm size fractions at 0–30 cm depth between rotational tillage treatments and conventional tillage. Biomass and grain yield with the rotational tillage practices were significantly positively influenced over 3 years, and ST/NT/ST produced the highest average crop yields among the three treatments. Therefore, it was concluded that the application of rotational tillage with subsoiling every 2 years and no‐tillage every other year (ST/NT/ST) should be of benefit in promoting the development of dryland farming in semi‐arid areas of northwest China.     

耕作方式对干旱绿洲滴灌复播大豆农田土壤有机碳的影响

为探讨不同耕作措施对不同层次土壤碳的影响,从而评价出滴灌条件下最有利于复播大豆农田固碳的耕作方式,于2012-2014年开展了冬小麦收获后土壤采取翻耕覆膜(tillage plough,TP)、翻耕(tillage,T)、旋耕(rotary tillage,RT)和免耕(no-till,NT)4种不同耕作方式的复播大豆田间试验,研究麦后不同土壤耕作方式对复播大豆农田0~100 cm土层土壤容重、总有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)及碳库管理指数(carbon pool management index,CPMI)的影响。结果表明,各处理土壤SOC和易氧化有机碳(easily oxidized organic carbon,EOC)含量随着土层的加深基本呈不断下降趋势。免耕、旋耕处理显著增加了表层0~10 cm土壤的SOC和EOC含量,而TP处理显著增加了耕层20~30 cm的SOC和EOC含量,60~100 cm土层TP处理的SOC含量显著低于其他处理,但各处理间EOC含量差异不显著;土壤容重与总有机碳含量呈显著负相关关系(P0.01);0~60 cm土层不同耕作方式CPMI平均值以免耕处理最高,分别比旋耕、翻耕覆膜、翻耕处理的增加了4.41%、9.90%、22.06%,表明免耕、旋耕能够提高0~60 cm土壤的总体CPMI,而耕翻覆膜显著提高20~30 cm耕层土壤CPMI值。该研究为干旱绿洲滴灌条件下选择最有利于复播大豆农田固碳的耕作方式提供了理论依据。     

基于GIS的亚热带典型地区土壤有机碳空间分布预测

Spatial distribution of organic carbon in soils is difficult to estimate because of inherent spatial variability and insufficient data. A soil-landscape model for a region, based on 151 samples for parent material and topographic factors, was established using a GIS spatial analysis technique and a digital elevation model (DEM) to reveal spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC). Correlations between organic carbon and topographic factors were analyzed and a regression model was established to predict SOC content. Results for surface soils (0-20 cm) showed that the average SOC content was 12.8 g kg^-1, with the SOC content between 6 and 12 g kg^-1 occupying the largest area and SOC over 24 g kg^-1 the smallest. Also, soils derived from phyllite were the highest in the SOC content and area, while soils developed on purple shale the lowest. Although parent material, elevation, and slope exposure were all significant topographic variables (P < 0.01), slope exposure had the highest correlation to SOC content (r = 0.66). Using a multiple regression model (R² = 0.611) and DEM (with a 30 m × 30 m grid), spatial distribution of SOC could be forecasted.     

Landuse impacts on soil organic carbon fractions in different rainfall areas of a subtropical dryland

Landuse can alter soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions by affecting carbon inflows and outflows. This study evaluated changes in SOC fractions in response to different landuses under variable rainfalls. We compared cropland, grassland and forest soils in high rainfall (Islamabad ~1142 mm) and low rainfall (Chakwal ~667 mm) areas of Pothwar dryland, Pakistan. Forest soils in both rainfall areas had highest SOC (11.32 g kg^?1), particulate organic carbon (POC, 1.70 g kg^?1), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC, 7.17 g kg^?1) and aggregate-associated organic carbon (AOC, 7.86 g kg^?1). However, in rangeland and cropland soils, these varied with rainfall. Under high rainfall, SOC and MOC were 12% and 17% higher in rangeland than in cropland while POC and AOC were equal. Under low rainfall, SOC and MOC were higher in rangeland than in cropland by 7.21 and 1.79 g kg^?1 at 0–15 cm and equal at 15–30 cm depth. POC and AOC were higher in rangeland than in cropland, in both depths. Averagely, SOC, POC, MOC and AOC were 26%, 68%, 76% and 30% higher in high rainfall than in low rainfall soils. Sensitivity of SOC fractions to landuses observed under different rainfalls could provide useful information for soil management in subtropical drylands.     

土壤有机碳分组方法概述

土壤有机碳与土壤肥力和气候变化密切相关而成为当今土壤学等相关领域的研究热点之一。由于土壤有机碳是具有某一特性的一类化合物的混合物,存在高度异质性,所以选用合理的方法有效区分不同碳组分是深入研究土壤有机碳的关键。首先回顾了土壤有机碳的传统分组方法 (包括物理分组、化学分组和生物分组),进而介绍了Stewart等人近年提出的土壤有机碳物理-化学联合分组方法,最后对土壤有机碳分组方法的未来趋势进行了展望。     

不同有机物料还田对华北农田土壤固碳的影响及原因分析

中国农业面临着废弃物数量大、污染严重,农田土壤生产力低的现实问题。该研究以增加农田土壤固碳为目标对砂质农田进行有机物料还田,将秸秆、猪粪、沼渣和生物炭4种物料用尿素调节等氮还田,对农田土壤有机碳、颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物量碳的含量进行测定,并探究不同有机物料还田对土壤有机碳的影响原因。研究结果表明:物料还田3a后,生物炭、猪粪和沼渣处理土壤有机碳(SOC)比秸秆处理分别高262.4%、26.8%和20.7%;2014—2015年生物炭处理的土壤微生物量碳(MBC)较秸秆处理降低2.9%~35.5%,猪粪处理和沼渣处理的土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)分别提高17.1%~60.1%和7.2%~64.8%;2014—2015年生物炭、猪粪和沼渣处理土壤颗粒有机碳(POC)较秸秆处理提高10.8%~148.2%、9.5%~58.3%和11.3%~57.6%;物料还田后,土壤总有机碳(TOC)和POC呈极显著的回归关系(R2=0.67,P0.001),土壤DOC与MBC有极显著相关性(R2=0.52,P0.001)。与秸秆还田相比,生物炭还田有利于土壤POC的累积进而促进土壤有机碳的提升,猪粪和沼渣则通过提高土壤MBC、DOC和POC的含量,促进土壤有机碳的周转和固定。从农田土壤固碳角度而言,生物炭,猪粪和沼渣还田优于秸秆还田。