优化施肥对萝卜产量和肥料利用率的影响

【目的】我国萝卜生产中施肥过量和不平衡现象普遍,研究优化施肥对萝卜产量和肥料利用率的影响,旨在为萝卜科学施肥提供依据。【方法】于2016年秋季和2017年春季分别在天津、山东、浙江和河北四个萝卜产区布置4个田间试验,共设置7个处理:农民习惯施肥(FP);优化施肥[NPK (S)];基于NPK (S)处理的减氮、减磷和减钾处理;优化施肥+有机肥[NPKM (S),钾肥为硫酸钾];优化施肥+有机肥[NPKM (Cl),钾肥为氯化钾]。测定了萝卜产量、养分吸收量、肥料利用率和氮素表观损失。【结果】与FP处理相比,两季NPK(S)处理的萝卜肉质根产量增幅平均为3.9%,植株氮、磷和钾养分吸收量增幅平均为12.4%、15.3%和4.4%,其中河北试验点产量和养分吸收量均达到显著水平。四个试验点NPK (S)和NPKM (S)处理以及NPKM (S)和NPKM (Cl)处理相比,萝卜产量和养分吸收量均无显著性差异。与FP处理相比,两季NPK (S)处理的氮素农学效率(AEN)、氮素回收率(REN)和氮素偏生产力(PFPN)平均分别增加了32.8 kg/kg、18.9%和110.5 kg/kg;磷素农学效率(AEP)、磷素回收率(REP)和磷素偏生产力(PFPP)平均分别增加了53.0 kg/kg、15.3%和296.7kg/kg;钾素农学效率(AEK)和钾素回收率(REK)平均分别增加了17.6 kg/kg和11.5%。与NPKM (S)处理相比,两季NPK (S)处理的AEN、REN和PFPN平均分别增加了34.0 kg/kg、13.5%和221.7 kg/kg,AEP、REP和FPP平均分别增加了20.8 kg/kg、6.6%和217.2 kg/kg,AEK、REK和钾素偏生产力(PFPK)平均分别增加了9.0 kg/kg、3.6%和89.5 kg/kg。与NPKM (Cl)处理相比,两季NPKM (S)处理的REP和REK分别显著提高了6.2%和7.4%。由氮素表观损失结果得出,两季NPK (S)处理的氮素表观损失比FP处理平均降低了106.7kg/hm^2,氮素残留降低了42.1 kg/hm^2;与NPKM (S)处理相比,NPK (S)处理的氮素表观损失平均降低了84.6kg/hm^2,氮素残留降低了55.6 kg/hm^2;NPKM (S)和NPKM (Cl)处理平均氮素表观损失和氮素残留量均无显著性差异。【结论】在保证萝卜产量的基础上,优化施肥量和施肥时期可有效提高肥料的利用率,降低氮素损失。肥料用量的增减需依据各地具体施肥量而定,硫酸钾和氯化钾都可在萝卜生产中用作钾源,二者在肥效和萝卜产量及品质方面没有差异。     

两种钾肥对湖北棉区棉花养分吸收及经济效益的影响

通过田间试验研究了钾肥用量(K2O 75、150、225 kg/hm2)与种类对棉花产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响。结果表明:施硫酸钾与硫酸钾镁都能增加产量,提高养分含量及经济效益,两者相比,在低、中、高3个水平上棉花产量前者比后者分别提高3.5%、3.2%和1.4%;相比硫酸钾镁,施硫酸钾可使棉花对氮、磷的吸收量增加,棉花根的氮含量平均增加13.9%,茎的磷含量平均增加2.7%,但对钾、钙、镁、硫的吸收量影响较少。施用硫酸钾比施用硫酸钾镁所获的效益平均高540元/hm2,且在施K2O 75 kg/hm2处理所获效益最高,比不施钾肥多获效益10 350元/hm2。     

不同形态钾肥配比对油菜生物量及钾肥利用率的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了不同形态钾肥配比对油菜生物量及钾肥利用率的影响。结果表明,与对照不施钾处理相比,不同形态的钾肥配比均能显著提高油菜生物量、钾素含量、钾素积累量,且含枸溶性钾的钾硅肥处理效果好于水溶性钾肥处理。油菜总生物量以含25%水溶性钾的钾硅肥处理最高,较对照不施钾处理显著增加66.3%。随着水溶性钾比例的增加,油菜钾素含量、钾素积累量及钾肥利用率有先上升后下降的趋势,在水溶性钾比例为25%和50%时均较高。综合结果表明,含25%～50%水溶性钾的钾硅肥效果较好。     

K和Al对水稻生长和养分吸收的影响

The effects of K and Al in K-deficient and complete nutrient solutions on the growth and nutrient uptake of rice were studied in the work.The effect of Al on the growth of roots and above-ground part of rice was associated with the concentration of Al in solution .A low level(0.1 mmol L^-1) of Al promtoed but a high level(1 mmol L^-1)of Al inhibited the growth of both the root and the aerial part of rice,and the magnitude of K concentration in the nutrient solution also had an appreciable impact on this,Thus ,in the low-Al solution,the plant treated with K2(80 mg K L^-1)produced much longer roots,showing the presence of interaction between Al and K; in the high-Al solution the K-reated plant had more and longe roots and a considerably greater dry weigh of the above-ground part compared with the plant deficient in K, showing the alleviating effect of K^ on Al toxicity.The mechanism of the Al-K interaction affecting the rice aerial part growth is not yet known,but part of the reason might be that the excessive amount of Al inhibited the uptake of some nutrients such as Ca and Mg and reduced their transfer to the plant aerial organs,whereas K showed its compensating effect on this;therefore,K could relieve Al toxicity at a high level of Al and promoted rice growth at a low level of Al.     

Retention and release of nutrients from polyhalite to soil

Recent discoveries of polyhalite (K₂SO₄.MgSO₄.2CaSO₄.2H₂O) in the UK provide an alternative to conventional fertilizer sources. This work investigated the interaction of polyhalite, commercially known as POLY4, with soil using leaching columns. Different physical forms of polyhalite (powder, crushed rock and granules) were compared to potassium chloride (KCl) for the movement of potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur (as sulphate) through the soil profile using 19.7 L of water, equivalent to 4,500 mm rainfall. The nutrients from polyhalite were found to be available at 30 cm depth, with calcium showing signs of interacting with the soil clay particles to release cationic nutrients. Polyhalite granules showed the greatest release of sulphate, magnesium and calcium as a proportion of the additional nutrient with 127%, 71% and 102%, respectively leached. For potassium, all forms of polyhalite had greater release than KCl (powder = 58%; granules = 86%; crushed rock = 57% and KCl 16%). Nutrients from polyhalite and those mobilized from soil interactions are present in soil solution indicating availability for plant growth.     

Response of tomato to polyhalite as a multi-nutrient fertilizer in southeast Brazil

Abstract

Limited information on the agronomic performance of polyhalite (K₂SO₄.MgSO₄.2CaSO₄.2H₂O) motivated us to establish two field trials in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the comparative responses of tomato to muriate of potash (MOP), sulfate of potash, potassium magnesium sulfate, and polyhalite at different graded doses of potassium (K) application supplying varied amount of secondary nutrients. Under very low soil K conditions, polyhalite resulted in significantly higher marketable fruit yield, and higher foliar and fruit K and sulfur (S) concentrations than other K sources. This was not the case under medium soil K levels, that is, 101?mg?kg^?1. Likewise, polyhalite enhanced postharvest residual soil calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and S than other evaluated sources. Depending on soil nutrient status and the cost of polyhalite, tomato farmers of Brazil could consider polyhalite as an option to meet crop K and secondary nutrient requirements.     

钾和湿度对油菜生长及其营养吸收的影响

The Interaction between potassium and moisture during the growth of and nutrient uptake by rapeseed plats grown on K-deficient soils has been investigated in this study.The results show that the dry weight of the above-ground parts of the plant appears to be somewhat reduced when the volume water content of the soil remains 0.15 for 3 successive days.As the shortage in the soil water continues,the weight of the plant root and the permeability of the root plasmalemma are markedly affected;the stem thickness and leaf area are reduced.However,K application can increase the dry matter weight of the above-ground parts,the thickness of the stem,and the area of the leaf.Application of K can also maintain a comparatively low water potential(ψ)and a comparatively high moisture content in the leaves,thus increasing the drought-resisting ability of the plant.When the volume water content of the soil is raised to 0.30,leaf yellowing as a symptom of nutrient deficiency appears on rapeseed plants grown on K-deficient soils.With increase in soil moisture content,the Ca concentration of the aerial parts of the rapeseed plant without K application increases while the K concentration decreases,Both K application and the soil moisture regime have very little effect on the Mg Concentration in the plant.Under soil mosture stress,the nitrogen content and total amount of amino acids in rape leaves increases;and thus more proline and glutamic acid is formed.On the other hand,the impact of soil moisture on pant‘s dry matter is governed by the status of potassium nutrition.On soils with low K.the moisture content has very little effect on yield;when K fertilizer is applied,however,the moisture content shows a very significant effect on yield increase.     

水稻-油菜轮作模式下秸秆还田替代钾肥的效应

【目的】研究稻-油轮作条件下秸秆还田配施钾肥对水稻和冬油菜产量、 地上部钾素累积量、 钾肥利用率以及土壤钾素含量的影响,明确长期秸秆还田替代钾肥的效果,为秸秆还田下稻-油轮作中钾肥的合理施用提供科学依据。【方法】2011~2014年在湖北省粮油主产区-江汉平原选择土壤供钾能力较高的农田,布置水稻-冬油菜轮作定位试验。试验共设7个处理,分别为: 1)CK(-K); 2)+K; 3)+S; 4)S+1/4K; 5)S+1/2K; 6)S+3/4K和7)S+K。其中K和S分别表示钾肥和还田秸秆,K2O用量为90 kg/hm2。【结果】 1)与不施钾(-K)相比,施用钾肥和秸秆还田均不同程度地增加了水稻和冬油菜年均产量和钾素吸收量,尤以秸秆还田配施钾肥处理(S+K)的水稻和冬油菜产量和地上部钾素吸收量最高,与对照(-K)相比增产率分别为12.8%和19.1%; 地上部钾素(K2O)累积吸收量增幅分别达到35.7%和79.3%。2)在当前推荐钾肥用量条件下,秸秆还田对水稻和冬油菜的钾肥吸收利用率没有显著影响,但均使两种作物的钾素吸收利用率显著降低。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田后水稻季的钾肥与钾素农学利用率明显降低,而冬油菜季则分别显著提高与持平; 秸秆还田后,水稻季的钾素农学利用率显著降低,而冬油菜季则持平。3)通过对秸秆还田条件下钾肥用量与增产率、 地上部吸钾量增幅的相关分析得出秸秆还田后当前的推荐钾肥用量偏高。根据肥效模型并结合实际产量和农田钾素养分平衡拟合得出,水稻和冬油菜的年均适宜钾肥用量分别为52.0和61.9 kg/hm2,比推荐用量可分别减少42.2%和31.2%。【结论】在土壤钾素含量较高的情况下,稻-油轮作区开展连续秸秆还田不仅能够降低钾肥投入量,获得较高的粮油经济产量,还可以提高土壤有效钾含量并维持农田系统养分平衡以及秸秆钾素资源的良性循环。     

分区平衡施肥技术对氮肥利用率和土壤养分平衡的影响

本文的研究结果表明,分区平衡施肥技术能明显提高氮肥利用率,在小麦和玉米上分别平均提高12.7和14.2个百分点。该技术能使养分盈亏趋于合理,分区平衡施肥的氮素平衡盈余显著低于习惯施肥,有利于减少氮素损失及其对环境的污染;磷素平衡盈余则明显高于习惯施肥,有利于改善土壤磷素状况;钾素平衡存在一定程度的亏缺,需通过增加无机、有机钾源来调节土壤钾素平衡。     

不同有机肥施用量对宁南旱区土壤养分、酶活性及作物生产力的影响

为了给有机培肥技术体系的建立提供依据,在宁南旱区4年有机培肥定位试验中,以不施有机肥作为对照（CK）,设置了3种有机肥施用量处理（高:90 000 kg/hm2、中:60 000 kg/hm2、低:30 000 kg/hm2）,对不同处理条件下的土壤养分、酶活性、作物产量及水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明,在2010年冬小麦收获后,各处理060 cm土层土壤养分含量、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性大小顺序均为:高、中量有机肥＞低量有机肥＞不施有机肥,各施肥处理较CK差异显著（P0.05）。随有机肥施肥量由高到低,产量分别较CK提高35.05%、20.77%和11.51%;作物水分利用效率分别较CK提高38.26%、22.61%和11.88%,差异均极显著。说明在宁南半干旱区长期施用有机肥对提高土壤养分、酶活性、冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率有显著效果。     

Effect on plant growth and nutrient uptake of a saturated gypsum solution given to a soil rich in CA

Abstract

Barley plants were grown in 201 pots containing a sandy soil rich in exchangeable and watersoluble Ca. Results from earlier experiments have indicated that the mode of action of supplementary Ca may differ according to, for example, the associate anion. In this experiment soil‐Ca was activated by placing NH₄NO₃ at three depths in the soil and by adding solutions of Ca salts. Yields were found to increase with successively deeper placements of NH₄NO₃ in treatments without Ca application, whereas only small differences between placement depths were observed when Ca was added as a saturated gypsum solution or equivalent amounts of CaCl₂. The very pronounced responses to Ca application were in good agreement with visual symptoms of Ca deficiencies later in the season and with the nutrient uptake rates and growth rate over the intire growth period.     

施钾水平对油茶养分积累和产油量的影响

【目的】油茶是中国南方主要的食用油料树种,油茶林地普遍极度缺钾。本文研究施钾水平对油茶氮、 磷、 钾养分积累和产油量的影响及它们之间的关系,从养分的角度分析钾素水平对油茶单株产油量的作用机理,为合理制定油茶林地土壤培肥制度提供科学依据。【方法】以7年生油茶无性系作为供试油茶品种,在江西九江进行田间试验。试验设置了6个K2O用量: 0、 100、 200、 300、 400、 500 kg/hm2和一个不施肥对照(CK),每个处理重复3次。调查和比较了不同处理油茶叶片和果实中氮、 磷、 钾养分含量及单株产油量差异,并针对叶片和果实养分对产油量的作用进行了通径分析。【结果】 K2O年施入量为300 kg/hm2时可有效促进油茶叶片6月份的磷、 钾及10月份叶片和果实的氮、 磷、 钾的积累,提高鲜果含油率和单株果实产量,单株产油量可达到430 g,增施钾肥对叶片6月份氮含量和种仁含油率的影响不明显。果实中的氮、 磷、 钾养分和叶片10月份的氮、 磷与单株产油量显著相关; 果实中的氮和磷积累量对油茶单株产油量的直接作用相对较大,10月份叶片中的氮对产油量也有一定的直接的影响,各养分对产油量的贡献大小顺序为: 果实磷果实氮果实钾叶片氮叶片磷。【结论】施钾水平影响油茶叶片和果实的养分积累,并进一步影响鲜果产量和产油量,K2O年施入量为300 kg/hm2是较适宜的用量。通过合理施用钾肥提高油茶10月份叶片氮、 磷和果实氮、 磷、 钾含量是获得油茶高产的有效途径。     

微肥对玉米生长发育、养分吸收及产量的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了覆膜滴灌条件下施用铁、锰、锌等微肥对玉米生长发育、养分吸收及产量的影响。结果表明:玉米干物质累积最快的时期是在播种后62～99 d,NPK+Fe、NPK+Mn和NPK+Zn处理的玉米单株干物质的积累量分别比NPK处理增加8.84、4.74、15.69 g。NPK+Zn处理的玉米吸N量比NPK处理提高了3.07%,达到了显著差异,而NPK+Fe和NPK+Mn处理的玉米吸N量与NPK处理没有显著差异。NPK+Fe、NPK+Mn和NPK+Zn处理的玉米吸P量和吸K量与NPK处理相比均没有显著差异。施用铁、锌肥可以显著提高玉米的产量,增加玉米的百粒重,增产率分别为6.61%和4.46%,但施用锰肥效果不显著。     

滴灌磷钾肥基追比对滴灌玉米干物质积累、产量及养分吸收的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了磷钾肥滴灌追施对玉米干物质、产量及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,磷钾肥部分基施、部分滴灌追施玉米的生物量和产量要优于磷钾肥全部基施,其中磷肥75%基施和25%滴灌追施比磷肥全部基施的玉米干物质提高4.36%,产量增加8.14%;钾肥50%基施和50%滴灌追施比钾肥全部基施的玉米干物质增加4.86%,产量增加4.98%。磷钾肥部分基施、部分滴灌追施显著提高了玉米氮、磷、钾的吸收量和利用率,其中磷肥75%基施和25%滴灌追施的氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为46.65%、28.42%、46.33%,比磷肥全部基施分别提高了6.0、8.44和8.95个百分点;钾肥50%基施和50%滴灌追施的氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为45.46%、27.92%、46.95%,比钾肥全部基施分别提高了4.26、0.99和11.89个百分点。     

施肥对棉花养分吸收、分配、利用和产量的影响

通过田间膜下滴灌栽培,研究了施肥对棉花养分吸收分配规律、肥料利用率、棉花产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,与农民习惯施肥(FP)相比,推荐施肥(OPT)处理的养分吸收、生殖器官中分配总量和肥料利用效率有不同程度的提高,其中氮肥和磷肥肥料利用效率分别提高29.5和10.8个百分点,氮肥和磷肥农学利用效率分别提高0.4和0.7 kg·kg~(-1)。且OPT处理增产4.5%,增加农民收入774元·hm~(-2),该地区棉花产量限制因子依次为氮、磷、钾。说明平衡施肥的氮、磷、钾养分投入基本合理。     

施肥对菜园土壤养分淋溶流失浓度的影响

利用盆栽种植空心菜和菜心并收集测定土壤渗漏水氮磷钾养分浓度,研究了不同施肥水平对土壤氮磷钾淋溶流失浓度的影响。试验表明,在较大施肥量或化肥当季损失量范围内,土壤渗漏水硝态氮、总磷和钾浓度与氮、磷、钾施肥量或损失量之间呈非线性关系,但在中低施肥量时则表现为线性关系。化肥当季损失量与土壤渗漏水养分浓度呈显著水平的线性正相关,由此提出“双速率转折点”概念用以评价土壤养分流失潜力。当施肥量或化肥当季损失量超过双速率转折点X0后,土壤淋溶排水养分浓度将以非线性形式急剧增加。因此,从环保角度看,施肥量不应超过X0。盆栽试验表明,以化肥当季损失量为基础的灰泥土、灰黄泥土和黄泥土的氮肥X0分别为每盆N 0.35、0.32和0.34 g,磷肥X0分别为每盆P 0.06、0.06和0.09 g,灰泥土和灰黄泥土的钾肥X0则分别为K 0.17和0.18 g;与土壤渗漏水养分浓度为基础所确定的氮、磷、钾X0有显著水平的线性正相关。以环保为目标的氮磷钾用量X0大多数低于以产量为目标的经济施肥量。化肥当季损失量参数较易获得,可作为环保施肥的依据。     

不同氮磷肥施用量对城市景观草坪生长与养分吸收的影响

为了给城市景观草坪科学施肥提供理论依据,试验在城市环境条件下研究了不同氮、磷用量对景观草坪生长与养分吸收的影响。结果表明:7、9、10月氮、磷用量为41.90 kg/hm2处理的叶片长度最大,分别高于对照1.58、2.46、2.62 cm,差异显著;7~10月41.90 kg/hm2处理干物质积累量最高,分别比对照提高2.79、1.78、2.32、1.89倍,差异显著,37.71 kg/hm2处理与对照之间无显著差异。41.90 kg/hm2处理的氮吸收量7~10月分别比对照提高3.93、2.50、3.59、2.66倍,差异显著,46.09 kg/hm2处理显著高于对照;41.90 kg/hm2处理的磷吸收量7~10月分别高于对照3.98、2.18、3.07、2.18倍,差异显著,8~10月37.71 kg/hm2处理与对照之间无显著差异;41.90 kg/hm2处理的钾吸收量7~10月分别高于对照4.24、2.16、3.22、2.55倍,差异显著。综合分析认为,城市景观草坪氮、磷施用量以41.90 kg/hm2为宜。     

Effect of Thiobacillus,sulfur, and phosphorus on the yield and nutrient uptake of canola and the chemical properties of calcareous soils in Iran

This factorial experiment consists of four levels of sulfur+Thiobacillus and three levels of triple superphosphate arranged in a completely randomized block design in three regions. With an increased sulfur+Thiobacillus and phosphorus (P), grain yield, phosphorus, iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) uptake of canola increased in Qom and Mazandaran. Combined treatments of S₂₀₀₀T₄₀ and P_100% showed these properties most. In Safiabad, S₁₀₀₀T₂₀ resulted in a significant increase of P, Fe, and Zn uptake of canola, and no significant effect was found on the grain yield. The highest Fe and Zn concentrations in Qom soil was measured in S₂₀₀₀T₄₀. In Safiabad, maximum Fe concentration in soil was registered by S₁₀₀₀T₂₀ and P_65%. The minimum soil pH of Qom and Mazandaran was recorded by S₁₀₀₀T₂₀ and S₂₀₀₀T₄₀, respectively. The effect of sulfur and Thiobacillus on nutrients uptake and canola yield was good and indicates its potential for alleviating the impacts of calcareous soils.     

长期不同施肥措施下黑土作物产量与养分平衡特征

为了明确长期不同施肥措施下黑土作物产量及养分平衡特征,利用开始于1979年的哈尔滨黑土肥力长期定位试验,以小麦-大豆-玉米轮作(3a)为一个周期,选取对照(不施肥,记作CK)、常量氮磷钾化肥配施(小麦施N、P2O5量分别为150、75 kg/hm2,大豆施N、P2O5量分别为75、150 kg/hm2,玉米施N、P2O5量分别为150、75 kg/hm2,K2O共施75 kg/hm2,记作NPK)、常量有机肥(施肥18 600 kg/hm2,记作M)、常量化肥有机肥配施(化肥施量同NPK,有机肥施量同M,记作MNPK)和二倍量氮磷化肥有机肥配施(小麦施N、P2O5量分别为300、150 kg/hm2,大豆施N、P2O5量分别为150、300 kg/hm2,、玉米施N、P2O5量分别为300、150 kg/hm2,有机肥共37 200 kg/hm2,记作M2N2P2)5个处理,研究了不同作物的平均产量、产量年际变化和土壤养分表观平衡。结果表明:1)较CK,长期平衡施用化肥或化肥配施有机肥提高了作物产量,多年平均增产率分别在82.5%~91.6%(小麦)和35.6%~40.9%(玉米)之间。长期不同施肥措施增产效果表现为M2N2P2MNPKNPKM,有机无机肥配施与单施化肥处理间作物产量差异不显著。2)长期不施肥处理小麦和玉米产量随试验年限推移呈下降趋势,降幅分别为13.93和42.61 kg/(hm2·a),大豆则以7.409 kg/(hm2·a)的速率增加。施肥处理小麦、大豆和玉米产量随试验年限的增加呈总体上升的趋势。3)在该试验条件下,长期施用常量化肥处理(NPK)和常量化肥有机肥配施处理(MNPK)土壤氮亏缺量分别为29.7和17.5 kg/hm2,磷盈余量分别为33.4和61.2 kg/hm2。各处理土壤中钾素均表现为亏缺,亏缺量在30.4~73.0 kg/hm2之间。MNPK处理氮、钾供应状况有所改善,较NPK处理分别增加12.2和27.6 kg/hm2。4)作物产量与土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、降雨量、生育期日平均气温呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。5)在黑土小麦-大豆-玉米典型轮作制度下,基于土壤养分平衡特征提出"稳氮、减磷和增钾"的施肥策略。该研究为评价和建立长期施肥模式、促进粮食持续生产提供依据。     

不同钾肥品种和用量对花椰菜产量和品质的影响

在不同肥力水平的土壤上,采用田间试验方法,研究了不同钾肥用量水平下硫酸钾和氯化钾对花椰菜产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,钾肥可提高花椰菜花球产量,施钾增产效应达显著水平;但单位钾素(K2O)养分生产效率随钾肥用量提高而降低。氯化钾的产量效应低于硫酸钾,其效应受土壤氯离子含量和钾肥用量的影响。钾肥可提高花椰菜维生素C含量,用量过高则含量下降;增加和降低效果与土壤含钾量有良好的相关性。中、高用量硫酸钾效果优于氯化钾。钾肥可降低氨基酸总量和各种类氨基酸含量,氯化钾处理花椰菜氨基酸含量高于硫酸钾,特别是谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量。钾肥可促进花椰菜养分吸收,氯化钾更有利于钾素的吸收和积累,氮、钙和镁的转运,而不利于钾素从花轴转运到花蕾。不同钾肥品种的产量品质差异与钾肥陪伴氯离子与土壤氯离子含量关系密切。在土壤氯离子含量高的土壤上,硫酸钾可作为理想的钾肥肥源。